Phenol e hoomakaukau ai: ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao

Phenol mea he colorless paa aniani 'ole me ka loa kekahi ala. Keia waiwai ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o nā make, Ka lula ea Ke a me kela kemikala olona, (ka hapanui nylon). Ma mua o ka hooulu ana o ka petrochemical hana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o phenol i lawe mai wale nō, mai lanahu hohono. O ka holo ana, ia iaoiaeii i ole i hiki ke uhi i na pono o ka booming hana i loko o phenol, a i manawa lilo nui i ke keʻena o ka aneane pau loa na mea a puni mākou.

Phenol, i ka makaukau o ka a ua lilo ia i pono ku i ka Hekikai o loa laulāʻano o hou mea a me ka waiwai nui 'Oponopono i ka mea, ua hoʻohana' ia i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o phenol-formaldehyde kēpau. A me ka ia, ma ka huli, mea nui i ke keʻena o nā phenolics. Nō hoʻi, he nui nui o ka phenol ua hoohuliia i cyclohexanol koi 'ia no ka hana kemikala olona, ma ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole.

ʻO kekahi mea nui 'āpana o ke noi ana o ka phenol hiki ke kaʻawale? Iecaianoaaiiie cresol ukuhiia, i i synthesized kreozolformadelgidnuyu kēpau hoʻohana no ka manufacturing i iiiaanoaa o ka' inikua ai ', antiseptics a me antioxidants. Nolaila, loaa phenol i keia la i ka nui mea mea nui ka hana o petrochemicals. Ua hoʻomohala i ka hailona o ke ki ina hana like, e paka i kēia waiwai i loko o lawa mea. E iā mākou i ka papa kuhikuhiE poʻe noʻonoʻo.

Ke kahiko a me ka maopopo iaoia mea he ano o ka hauneneʻe ka mekala 'åkilikai, a ua wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe hokii o sulfuricʻakika no sulfonation o benzene a me caustic hahai ma fusing ia benzolsulfonatrievuyu paʻakai, mai a ka waiwai ponoi, a kū. I ka makaukau ana o phenol ma chlorination o benzene, ukali ma chlorobenzene saponification me ka paʻakai hydroxide profitably wale nō i loko o ka hanana o ka nui mea o nike ikehu koi 'ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o chlorine a me ka caustic. I ka papa kuhikuhiE keakea o kēiaʻano hana - i ka pono, e ho okumu kiʻekiʻe puʻe (ole e emi malalo o ekolu haneri me ka lewa) a me ka loa nui degere o ka popopo o ka lako a pan.

A hou kēia hana, e hoolako i kekahi phenol ma decomposition o cumene hydroperoxide. Naʻe, ka mea e auaaeaiea noaia o ka makemake hui i loa eiiieaen, no ka mea, ke kahea aku nei no ka mālama '-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o hydroperoxide alkylation kaʻina hana o ka benzene propylene pāʻoihana. Eia, i ka 'ike loea ua hoakaka no ka'okesaside o ka kūpono isopropyl lewa läÿau, e hana i ka hydroperoxide. E like me ka maikaʻi ololi o kēiaʻano hana hiki ke kaulana ma laua me ka makaukau o ka phenol kekahi mea nui mea - acetone.

Aia mea no hoi kekahi ano o ka hookaawale ana phenol mai coking a me ka carbonization kēpau paa wahie lako. Kēia ke kaʻina hana no mea e pono ai,ʻaʻole wale i ka paka waiwai phenol, akā, no hoi, e hoʻoikaika i ka pono o nā hydrocarbon huahana. Kekahi o na waiwai o ka phenol mea i ka hoʻokēʻai'okesaside, i hiki aku ai i hōʻeleu i poe oo hoi, a me ka kahua o kaʻaila ma loko ÷ hohono-me hapa.

Akā, i ka loa a me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia puke iaoia hoʻokō 'ana aku i ka petrochemical hana mea e loaa i ka phenol mai benzene ma ka pololei'okesaside o kona nitrous'okesaside. Ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa ua hana i loko o kūikawā adiabatic mīkini'ātoma, ai ka hōʻeleu mea zeolite. Ka loiloi mua nitrous'okesaside hua mai ma'okesaside o ka ammonia me ka lewa a me ka hoʻokaʻawale o adipicʻakika. More kaʻoi loa, o konaʻaoʻao huahana i hanaʻia i hoʻololi kemikala. Kēia enehana Ua hiki no e loaa nui maemae phenol me ka palena iki huina maʻiʻo o impurities.