Philological sciences. He aha ka mea i këia philology? Lūkini linguists

He nui nā kanaka ike philological sciences like i kekahi mea loa vague a me ka Hōʻuluʻulu. Lakou ike i keia kaʻina ua pili i ke ao o ka 'ōlelo a pau, akā, nui ka' ike piha mai i noho. A o ka poe wale ka poe i puka 'o ia mai ka'āuna kumu o Philology, hiki pololei a me ka kupaianaha kiola aku la i nāʻaoʻao o ka philology.

I ka manaʻo o ka 'epekema

Philology - o ka 'epekema e epa me ke ao o ka spirituality okoa kanaka, kālailai kā lākou palapala, ma ka au mamuli maopopo hiʻona o ka' ōlelo, a laila 'ohi i kaʻike hou i loko o ka manaʻo aukahi a pau.

Ua ua ike ia i kākau hāʻina o nā haʻawina - kekahi o na kumu e noonoo i ka mōʻaukala o na kanaka. Ka mua o kēia mauʻikeʻia i loko o ka palapala o ka manaʻo i ka pilikia hua'ōlelo i loaʻa i loko o puke wehewehe'ōlelo, hoonoho a me ka hoʻomana kākau. Homer i ka mea mua nona ka memo i na hoopai ana i ka scrutiny.

Philology nā na mea a me kela mea keia mea o lakou i komo i loko o kā lākou hana. Romano-Germanic Philology, no ka laʻana, mea loa prevalent i loko o ke ao nei, e like me ka ua i ka Ikepili o ka Romance a me Germanic 'ōlelo.

Ma keia hihia, ke Romance 'ōlelo pololei:

• Palani;
• Italian;
• Spanish a me na mea e ae.

German pūʻulu mawaena o na mea he nui këia Pelekānia a me Kelemānia, kekahi o ka loa mahalo i ka lā.

Mōʻaukala o? Acaeoey

PhilologyʻIkea lōʻihi aku nei, ma ke kahiko Greece. Mua i ko lākouʻano, a laila, kūpono 'ana (ma ka Middle Ages), a ma ka pakebona au - blossoming i piha ikaika. Ka manaʻo o "philology" hoomaka ae la e hana i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia. A laila, ka mea, ua wale e pili ana i ka Classic hana, no ka mea, a laila i waho Slavic. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Slavic lala o ka Czech nä känaka 'epekema Dobrovskiy Yosef.

He oluolu ke maopopo i ke kumu no ka hooulu ana o ka philology hoomaka. O ka poʻeʻEulopa i hoihoi i loko o kā lākou na aa, kumu, ulu kū i ke au. Hoʻokumu i keia pilialoha manao kālaiʻike i ia manawa, e like me ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Turkish komohewa.

No nā 'ano o ka' epekema: o kela mea keia mea o lakou he nui loa i loko o-hohonu, kuka nei lakou mau hana a me na kanaka, ka poe i komo nō. Ma ke ao nei, ua nui nā kaiāulu a papa hana i i hoʻoili i loko o ka na kumu, mai ka manawa i ka manawa e houluulu a kaʻana like lākou e piʻi like.

Sciences eiiieaena

No ka piha naauao o ka mea ka philology, ia mea pono e hōʻike aku i kekahi philological sciences i kona eiiiiiaiou:

• Linguistics. I ka lua o ka inoa - linguistics i Pilikanaka ka pā like o ka 'ōlelo, kona oihana,' ole.
• Moʻokalaleo. Huli aku i ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻokalaleo, kona ulu ana a me ka hopena ma luna o ka moʻomeheu o na kanaka.
• Nā loina. Folk nō, nā loina, a me nā kaʻao a kaao - i kēia mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE kanaka o ka mahele.
• Kuhia kikokikona noʻonoʻo loi. Ma ke kikowaena o kona noonoo ana i na hana o ka okoa kākau, ka mōʻaukala o kā lākou hanana a me ka hopena.
• Paleography. Kēia 'epekema këia kahiko moʻolelo i kākau lima, i ko lakou mau ano, styles, manawa a me ka wahi o ka honua nei.

E like me 'oe ke ike mai i kēia' ike, philological sciences hoʻopaʻa haʻawina o ka 'ōlelo mai ka hiki a pauʻaoʻao.

ikeia philologists

ʻO wai ka mea o ka haumana? Kēia haumāna o linguistics. Kēia huahelu loa aʻo i ka i Kekahi Mau 'o ka' ōlelo kekahi, hana ana i hopena a e pili ana i ka uhane'āina hoʻoili o na kanaka ka poe i olelo ia. Alahula mau makana i ka mea i hanaia a me ka hoʻomohala o Lūkini 'ōlelo i Lūkini linguists.

• MV Lomonosov He ua i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o Lūkini grammar. He ua kekahi o ka mea mua, e moe kaila 'ōlelo. He aha kakou e ike nei e pili ana i nā māhele o ka olelo - ka kānaka apau i mākaukau o Mikhail Vasilyevich. I ke akamai haku mele, i ke kau ana i ke kumu o kekahi mau styles.
• Easts Ah Aʻu i hana wale nō i loko o grammar a palapala ma luna o keia kumuhana nui na buke.
• Potebnya AA aʻo Russian a Ukrainian 'ōlelo, i uku nui nānā i ka grammar.
• Shakhmatov AA Aʻu i aʻo i ke kumu o ka 'ōlelo. kakau iho la oia i kekahi mau hana ma luna o ka Mooolelo o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo.
• Peshkovski AM He kahiāuli intonation ma ka olelo me ka grammatical mea paahana e kōkua pono hookahua manaʻo.
• LV Szczerba He ua ka discoverer o ke kūlana hua'ōlelo waeʻano a kamailio e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka noun, a verb i loko o ka hoʻopaʻi.
• Vinogradov VV Aʻu i aʻo i ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini linguistics. kakau iho la He nui na buke e pili ana i na styles o Lūkini 'ōlelo i hoʻohana mua i loko o kona mau palapala ma kekahi mau kākau. He oi loa waiwai na makana ma ka lexicology a me phraseology o ka 'ōlelo.
• Karamzin HI aʻo Lūkini ekalesia 'ōlelo, ka palapala, ai' ka pilina a me ka colloquial kaila o ka 'ōlelo.
• Ushakov DN a nānā aku pela, lexicology, dialectology. Palapala 4 puke o ka Glossary i loaʻa ka 90000 'ikamu. E hana ma kēia papahana i lawe mai no ka 6 makahiki.
• Dal VI Ua uaʻike i nā mea a pau e like me ka mea kākau o Great Dictionary, i loko wale hōʻike i ka hohonu o kona ao ana i ka Lūkini 'ōlelo.

Philology, Lūkini 'ōlelo

Russian philology mea he hapa o ka nui Slavic pauku, këia i ka Lūkini kanaka a me kona hooilina. Ma XVII kenekulia ka mea, hoomaka ae la kaʻohiʻanaʻikepili ma kahiko moʻolelo i kākau lima, i komo i ke Kauna Rumyantsev.

Ma ka XVIII kenekulia, kakau iho la Lomonosov mau kaulana puke e pili ana i ka grammar o ka 'ōlelo a me ka pomaikai o ka ekalesia Hawaiʻi ma mua o ke kākoʻo mau' study o stylistics. Hiki i keia manawa, Lūkini linguists mai i ua oki ka hana, ae noke e kālailai okoa styles, olelo a me idioms. Wale kēia manawa ia mea ke kālā no na kii i kakau iho i wale i ka hana, akā, e kaʻana i kā lākou discoveries me ke kulanui haumāna. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka hapanui o nā philologists hana ana i kulanui a me ka noiʻi institutes.

na philology

Kēia lālā o ka 'epekemaʻeleu ma luna o ke ao o ka'ōlelo'ē, kā lākou mau moʻolelo a me nā' ano. Aʻo i loko o au mamuli o ka palapala, ai 'hooilina, hana hana ma-hohonu Ka Ikepili o styles a me ka olelo, i ka ike ana i nui ololi ke kanaka ka hiki e olelo aku me ka maopopo mānaleo. Big kūlana o ka unuhi hana.

Ua hiki e lōʻihi, e aʻo i nā rula o ka pela, grammar a me phonetics, akā, e hiki ole ke olelo pono a me ka unuhi'ōlelo me ka mea hiki aʻo.

Pehea e lilo i philologist

E lilo i ka haumana a me ka hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā lākou iho i ka oi hana hoihoi o nā sciences hiki ke loaa ma ka'āuna kumu o Philology. He nui nā kulanui i kaumaha aku ia hana kūikawā. Kekahi o ia i ka 'Oihana Hana me kekahi mau lala o ka linguistics: ia paha e Slavic, Indo-Europa, Romance a me Germanic Philology.

E koho i ke kuhikuhi, kēlā me kēia haumāna e hoʻoholo i ka 'ōlelo, a ua hoihoi i loko o ka loa a me kona spirituality e e hana akamai, e aʻo i kona poe kanaka. Philological'āuna kumu o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o Rusia ikeia no ka hui e like me:

• Moscow State University;
• Russian aloha kekahi i kekahi State University;
• Nizhny Novgorod State University ka inoa hope o Dobrolyubov;
• Hawaiian Federal University ;
• Pyatigorsk'ōlelo State University ;
• 'ōlelo Irkutsk State University;
• Moscow'ōlelo State University.

Kēia mea he papa inoa o ka loa hanohano hooponopono iwaena o ui kanaka. Akā, ua nui nā'ē aʻe faculties i loko o nā kulanui, kahi au e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka punahele ana.