Poe akeakamai Friedrich Engels: Kawaihae a me ka hana

Friedrich Engels, nona Kawaihae o ka hoihoi nui i na kanaka noiʻi, i hele mai, mai ka 'ohana lole Hookah,ʻano holomua i ka manawa. Kona makuahine, ua akamai, ka maikai, ua he ano maikai o ka Humor, aloha oe a me ka moʻokalaleo. Frederick He 8 hoahanau a me na kaikuahine. Ka hapa nui o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia i pili ia Mary. E noonoo hou ma mua o ka mea kaulana Friedrich Engels. Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu, i ka manaʻo nui i kekahi hōʻike ma ka pauku.

wa opiopio

Friedrich Engels (noho 1820-1895) i hānau i loko o Barmen. Ma keia kulanakauhale, hele aku la ia i 14-makahiki-kahiko i ke kula, a laila, kiʻekiʻe kula Elberfeld. Ma ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o kona makua kāneʻo ia i 1837th haʻalele i kona haʻawina, a hoomaka ae la e hana ana i loko o ke kālepa poʻe waiwai ma ka 'ohana. Ma Aukake o ka 1838 a hiki i Aperila o ka 1841 Friedrich Engels, he Hawaii photo no i ua hōʻike ma ka pauku hele ia, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka hana kūikawā kalepa. Kēia hoʻonaʻauao ia i loaa i loko o Bremen. Aiaʻo ia i hoʻolimalima i kekahi reporter. I kona makahiki 18, Friedrich Engels (i ka lā hānau o kona Nov. 28) kakau iho la oia i kona mau 'atikala mua. Mai September 1841 ma, ia i malamaia ma Pelelina. Aia 'oe i ka manawa e hele kulanui haʻi'ōlelo, a halawai pu me ka Young Hegelians.

Friedrich Engels: A Kawaihae (hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo noho i loko o 'Enelani mai ka 1842 a hiki i 1844,).

Ma November 1842,ʻo ia i hele ma Cologne. Ma keia kulanakauhale, ka mea, ua i kona mua halawai me Marx. A i loko o ka hua'ōlelo o "Rheinische Zeitung". Ua pono e mai la oia i ka mea hou hoa i aku la ia ia he anu. Kēia i aie i ka mea i Marx i manaoio i kona Hegelians opiopio. A me kā lākou mau manaʻo ka mea, i ole kākoʻo. Ma hope iho ua Friedrich Engels hele i Manchester. Aia ka mea, ua ana i ka hoʻokō 'ia i kona hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka pulupulu mea wili palaoa ana o kona makua kāne. Ma Enelani, oia kana a aneane elua makahiki. Here halawai mai la ia me Ipelana Lydia a me Meri Berns. Me nā o ia ma mua o ka pauʻana o kona mau lā i koe pumehana ana. I ka Ia manawa o Maria i ka mea mua, a me Lydia - kana lua o ka wahine. Me laua no lakou, ua ola ia i loko o kivila e pili ana. Akā, me ka mea mua, a me ka lua,ʻo ia hehi ma luna o ka loina o ka make ana o kela mea keia Engels manao i ka olelo mare.

hoʻokahuli aupuni me ke kapuai hookahi

Friedrich Engels, Kawaihae a me ka hana ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i nā hanana i i wahi i loko o ka hana 'ia, i loko o England, au ua hiki no ka ike lea i ka maʻamau o ke ola ana o ka hana kanaka, i a laila i ma luna o kona Outlook he nui hopena. Here hoomaka iho la i kona AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka "o ke Kuʻikahi o ka Mea" (hoʻokahuli aupuni hui o ia manawa), e like me ka Chartists i loko o Leeds. MaʻEnelani, hoomaka ae la lakou e haʻalele i kona 'atikala i ka paʻi Owenisten, i i paʻiʻia ma ka "North Star". Eia hou, Ua alakaʻi i ka palapala me ka "Rheinische Zeitung". I Nowemapa 1843rd kakau iho la Friedrich Engels 'atikala e pili ana i ka Communist? Eia i loko o ka Europa'āinapuniʻole. Ma Feberuari makahiki 1844, i ka mua palapalaʻikeʻia i loko o ka Kelemānia-Palani palapala paʻi puke. ʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o 'Enelani, ua he mau makamaka, a me ka haku mele a me kaʻIliahi manakia Werth. Ma hope,ʻo ia e lilo i ka poo o ke kolamu o satirical 'atikala i loko o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni wā i loko o ka "Neue Rheinische Zeitung".

Friedrich Engels: A Kawaihae mai makahiki 1844 a hiki i 1845.

Ka mea mua nui hopena o ke ao o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'pili aupuni i ka' atikala ko makahiki 1844. It Friedrich Engels ho'āʻo e kahaki i kaʻokoʻa o capitalist lehulehu. He hoopiiia mai ka bourgeois 'epekema apologetics i loko o ka maoli kulana. Ma ka hoohalike, keia mea ma ka 'atikala i Marx lawelawe i ka waiwai heluna o nā puke. I ka makahiki 1844, hele mai la ka mua 'atikala i loko o ka Kelemānia-Palani Yearbook. Kona paʻi Marx, a Ruge ma Palika. ua lilo New 'atikala i pretext no ka lōʻihi palapala. Ma ke ala a hiki i Hawaii, Friedrich Engels a me Karl Marx halawai no ka lua o ka manawa. I keia manawa, i ka lewa ua oi aloha. Hele akula lāua a hiki i ka hopena i ko lakou mau manao e loa'ālike. Mai ia manawa, ma, Friedrich Engels a me Karl Marx, hoomaka ae la e hana pono mai.

he hou ke kahua

I ka 1845-ka m, hoi aku la a hiki i Kelemania, a Fridrih Engels palapala iho la he nui ka hana ma luna o ke kahua o ka hana i loko oʻEnelani. Ma ka manawa, ua hoomaka ka pilikia i loko o ka pilina me kona makua kāne. Eia hou kekahi, ala ae la pilikia a me ka makai, (no ka mea, iā ia ma lalo o hoʻomakākiu). Marx kekahi i kekahi pilikia me ka Palani kanawai. A pau keia i puʻe wale akula kēlā mau hoa e neʻe i Pelekiuma. Keia aina i noʻonoʻo i ia manawa i ka loa noa maʻEulopa. Ma July 1845 hoa hele i Enelani. Aia ka mea, hui me ka poeikohoia o ka "o ke Kuʻikahi o ka pono" a me na mea he nui Chartists. Ma hope o kona hoʻi 'ana i Palukela i ka 1846 o ka Communist Komite i hoʻokumu. Ua ua i kaʻike kamepiula kino lawe ana mai i ka-Holland hana ma waena o nā socialists oʻEulopa Hawaii a pau. Ma mua o ke kauwela o 1846, ka mea, nui ka dialectical-materialist wale, e like me ka hoike hope i loko o lākou, he pono ole ka hana "German Ideology". Ma keia hana, ua ku e makou i ko lakou mau manao me Feuerbach ka materialism a me idealism o ka uʻi Hegelians. I ka hopena o ke kauwela o 1846 Friedrich Engels hoomaka kākau no ka Palani paiia o La Réforme, a mai ka 1847 no ka mea mua Kelemānia-Palukela nupepa. I ka hookahi makahiki o ka ke Kuʻikahi o ka Mea loaa i kaumaha aku e komo i loko o kona haku mele 'ana. Engels a Marx i ia. A laila, ka mea, ua ka pilina i ka renaming o ka hui a hiki i ka 'Âlapa o Communists. First Ahaolelo Lahui aʻo Marx, e möhala i ke kikokikona o ke kikoo "Communist creed." He hope i hana i ke kumu o ka Manifesto o ka Communist Party.

ʻOiʻenehana o 1948-1949.

Ma ka manawa, ua ike ka poe Fridrih Engels ma na mea he nui koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Iloko o ke kipi ia, pu me kona colleague, i kākau i nā puke no ka lānai hou i kukuluia Rheinische Zeitung. I ko makou hana, e hoike i ka pono o ka Communist Party ma Germany, i kū'ē i ka mea hoʻolilo o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni hanana ma ka aina e. I ka makahiki 1848, e like me ka māhele o ka pae ana o activists Engels neʻe i Cologne. kakau iho la no hoi ia ia kekahi mau 'atikala e pili ana i ka June uprising ma Palika. He hea ka hanana like me ka kaua mua ma waena o ka proletariat a me ka bourgeoisie. Ma September 1848, ua haʻakoiʻia i ka haʻalele Germany. Kēia manawa, ua oki ia ma Lausanne (Hawaiian kulanakauhale). Aia Hoomau iho la lakouʻeleu palapala me ka "Neue Rheinische Zeitung". Ma Lausanne Engels i loko o ka hana ana mahele. Ma Ianuali 1949, hoi aku la oia i Cologne. Aia ua palapala mai ia i ka moʻo o ka 'atikala e pili ana i ke aupuni liberation paio o ka Italia, a Hunakalia heluna.

kivila kaua

Ua hoomaka ia ma ka hema-komohana a me ke komohana Kelemānia mokuna ma May o ka makahiki 1849. I June keia makahiki, Engels hui i ka poʻe kaua o na kanaka o ka Palatinate a me Baden koa. He i loko o kaua e ku e ia Prussia a me Elbertfeldskom uprising kauwahi. I ka Ia manawa, ua lilo ike me Becker. Last Baden alakai kaulana e kū'ē'ē mai. Ma hope o kekahi, oiai e he ikaika aloha ma waena o lākou. Ma hope o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kaua ana ua hee o, Engels hele mua i Kuikilana, a laila, hiki i Enelani.

Hana i loko o ka Communist o Oʻahu

I Nowemapa 1849 i ka mua Engels hele mai i London. Aia e hoʻomau i kona hana i loko o ka Union. Iloko o na kēia mau makahiki i palapala i ka helu ana o kekahi mau 'atikala. I ka pau, kekahi o ka mua i ka hope o nā hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni. Olelo ana me he lālā o ka Komite Central o ka Union, Engels palapala iho la i ka 'atikala, he hoopii i na lala o ka hui. I ka Ia manawa i wahi i ka paio ku e Schapper a me Willich, ma ka hui ana. Ka mea, i kapaʻia no ka koke kipi. Engels kekahi olelo e pili ana i ka hoike ia ana o kēia mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana, makau mahae o ka Union. I ka māhele o ka hui a pau hanaia i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1850.

journalistic hana

I ka makahiki 1850, Engels hiki ma Manchester. Aiaʻo ia i hana i loko o ka kālepa poʻe o kona makua kāne, ka mea i haalele i kana keiki i ke kaʻana like i loko o ka hana. Kekahi manawa ma hope, Engels kona kuleana ua nō kuai. Kona makahiki, a me ka palapala ua lawa i kekahi mea, aole ia e hoole. Eia hou, mai kona dala ia nae kālā kōkua i Marx. Hope oiai e noho ana i loko o ka paʻakikī loa kūlana. Engels i kākau ai no ka nupepa ka New York "kela la i keia lunatausani". O na 'atikala ka mea,ʻeleu ma luna o ke kipi i loko o Germany. Ka mea, ka poe i hoomaemaeia e ka ninau o nā kaʻa mokulele alakaʻi o ka kaua paio. Mai ia manawa, Friedrich Engels - i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o Marxism.

koa Halaman

Engels i he 'ano waiwai ola ka hoao ana. Ua kōkua iā ia e lilo i akamai ma ke koa. He palapala iho la i ka helu o nā 'atikala hoolilo i ka kaua kumuhana. Mawaena o lakou i ka leo ma luna o ke kahua ma Kina, a India, i loko o ka United States. Hoolaa no hoi Articles i i ka Italo-Franco-'Aukekulia a me Franco-Prussian War. memo "Moana" a me ka "Army" i paʻiʻia ma ka puke noiʻi kūʻikena Americana. Iloko o ke kaua Italian Engels paʻi i ka Anonymous pepelu noa i ka ' "Po a me Rhine". Ma ka hopena o ka kaua mea i kākau i ka 'atikala e pili ana i ke Savoy, Nice a me ka Rhine. I ka makahiki 1865 ka mea i hookuu ia i ka palapala ma ka oihana koa nīnau Prussian, a me ka Kelemānia He hana i Party. He nui o kona mau 'atikala i oluolu e heluhelu ana i na hana i kākauʻia e ka Prussian Kuhina. Ke aupuni o Prussia iho kekahi mau manawa ho'āʻo unsuccessfully e loaa i ka hoihoi o Marx, a Engels.

International

Mai ka hopena o September 1864-ko Engels i waena o kona alakaʻi. Hoomaka ae la oia e 'Imi kōkua' ana me Liebknecht a me Bebel. Together ka mea, kaua aku i ke kahua o ka SDLP ma Germany, a Lassalleanism. Ma October 1870, Engels neʻe i London. Mai ka 1871, ua hana me he lālā o ka General Aha o ka International, e like kakauolelo no Spain, a Pelekiuma, a laila, i ka Italia. Ma ka hālāwai kūkā ma ka London, Engels i kapaʻia no ka ho okumu ia ma kēlā me kēia aupuni o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni aoao o na hana. Ma ka mea hookahi no ka mea, ua ua kūkākūkāʻia ia i ka pono no e kukulu i ka dictatorship o ka proletariat.

iho hana

Mai ka makahiki 1873, ua hoʻomaka kākau like me ka Kelemānia poe akeakamai. Friedrich Engels hoomaka ae la e hana "Dialectics o Nature". Ma keia hana ia i manao iho e haawi aku i ka dialectical materialist generalization o ka piʻi like a pau o maoli 'epekema. Kākau i ka palapala, hele ma no 10 makahiki. Akā, Engels keia hana ole pau. Ma 1872-73 GG. ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hale noho ninau, mana, emigre moʻokalaleo. I ka 1875, hoomaka ae la ka laulima me Marx ma Lassallean nema aku nā noi no ka polokalamu o ka Kelemānia poe hana 'aoao. I ka 1877-78. kekahi mea e ku e ia Dühring i paʻiʻia. Ma hope, ka mea, hele aku la kekahi Edition. Keia hana ua noʻonoʻo i ka loa paa o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia hana a mau loa aku. Ma March 1883 Marx make. No laila, e hoʻomakaʻano huikau wā.

hou hana

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Marx, ka holoʻokoʻa kuleana no ka pau 'ana a me ka paʻi ana o ka lua a me ke kolu puke o "Capital" hina iho la i Engels. Pela oia, ma ka mea, hana a kona make ana. I ka Ia manawa, naʻe, ka mea, ua ua hoopuka ia a mau hana. I ka 1884 ka mea, pau i ka hana, a ua lilo kekahi o ka ki i loko o ka naauao o Marxism. Ua wehewehe i ke kumu o ka moku'āina, waiwai a me ka 'ohana. I ka 1886, hele mai kekahiʻiʻo hana pau i Feuerbach. Ke 1894th paʻiʻia hana ma ka ninau kua'āina ma Germany a me Farani. Ua Ua loli ana ma ka nuipa pauperization o ka heluna kanaka.

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me Lūkini revolutionaries

Engels, me ka maikai hoihoi i ke kahua i loko o ke aupuni. He ua hiki ke hookupaa nui ae i ka pili me Lopatin, Lavrov, Volkhov a me nā uuku ae-hana akua. Ka mea, i aloha mahalo i na hana o Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky. Engels kaulana i ka paakiki o ko lakou ano, ke ahonui, ka hoʻoponopono-mōhai. I ka Ia manawa ia i nema aku lākou populist illusions. Systematically la oia, Noord me Zasulich a me Plekhanov. Me Ua halawai ka olioli nui a me ka lono e pili ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i loko o Lūkini nohona koʻikoʻi a hanohano o ka' ona "Emancipation o na Hana Lima". Engels manaʻo nō hoʻi ia e hiki ke ola mai a hiki i ka manawa ia Rusia e i hāʻule tsarism a me ka lanakila o ka Socialist kipi.

A kūikawā kūlana i loko o ka neʻeʻana

Engels pono noʻonoʻo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka materialist hapai ana o ka mōʻaukala. He, pu me kona colleague, ka aaioee lawe mai bourgeois hoʻokele waiwai kālai'āina. Together me Marx,ʻo ia i hana dialectical materialism, scientific communism. Ma ka moʻo o kana mau hana, oia ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i ka hou hihio i loko o ka ikaika kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana palapala, kahiāuli kona kī hehee wale,ʻimi naʻauao kumu. A pau keia i nui ka pilina a hiki i ka lanakila o ka manaʻo o Marxism i loko o ka hoʻonohonoho 'poe hana' ana i loko o ka hopena o 19th kenekulia. Iloko o ka hooulu ana o ke ao ana a me ka ho okumu socioeconomic, ka mea, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma kekahi mau ho'ākāka lauana o? Acaeoey o primitive hui, kahiko a me ka feudal'āina. Ua Ua wehewehe i ka muli o ka waiwai, i ke kahua o ka papa, i ka hanaia'na o ka moku'āina. Iloko o na makahiki hope o kona ola ana, Engels uku nui noonoo ana i na pilikia o ka pili aloha ma waena o oicyenoaaiiie paʻa, ka manaʻo politika a me nā ideological superstructures. No loko o kāna hana o ka Naauao no ka pono e hoakaka i ka nui hopena ma luna o ka nohona ola ana o ka pili manaÿo o kekahi papa, o ko lakou paio no ka domination, a me ka ideology a me ka loio i pili. hoʻokani Engels he kūlana nunui i loko o ka ulu ana o ka Marxist pähola ' ana o ke akamai a me ka moʻokalaleo. Ua lilo kekahi mau mea o ka 'epekema hou aku i ka hopena o kona makana iho i ka mea i ao ai. Iwaena o lakou - o ka pähola 'ana o dialectical kanawai o maoli' epekema a me ke ano maoli, koa a me ka poe koa.

Na makana i ka hana neʻe

Engels a Marx Koi ikaika ma luna o ka hoʻohui o kaʻimi naʻauao a me ka mea hiki, ao ke ano. Ka mea, ua Kāʻeokūlani, ulu i ka 'epekema polokalamu, nā kaʻa mokulele a me kou akamai o ka proletariat. ua hiki e ho'āpono aku i ka kūlana o ka hana ka papa like me ka mea nāna i hana o ka hou ke kaiāulu, ka pono no ke kahua o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni aoao, e hali ana i ka Socialist kipi, e hookupaa aku i ka dictatorship o na hana a lakou. Engels a Marx lilo e Uwao internationalism. Ka mea, eia ka mua kūwaho hoʻi hui o ka poe hana i hoʻonohonoho.

Jobs ma mua o kona make ana

Ma nā makahiki, lawelawe Engels maopopo loa nui. Iloko o keia manawa ka mea, ua hiki ke kūkulu i ka Marxist 'epekema, e hoʻowaiwai i ke akamai a me nā kaʻa mokulele o houʻimi naʻauao generalizations. Eia hou kekahi, hoomaka ae la lakou i ka paio ku e haʻalele sectarianism a me ka opportunism, dogmatism i loko o ka Socialist aoao elua. Ma nā makahiki,ʻo ia i hana i ke kolu o ka leo o ka "Capital". Ma kona mau lewa, oia kuhikuhi i kekahi o nā hiʻona i ano o ka imperialism - he hou kahua o ka? Acaeoey o capitalism. I loko o nā hana Engels, a me kona colleague a me ke kākoʻo '-mea kākau, noonoo iho la ua hao wale mai Anati-capitalist hou' like me ka ke kahua hope o ka paio ma waena o ka bourgeoisie a me ka proletariat. Akā, ma hope o ka hanana o 1848-49. ka mea, ua lilo lakou i poe naauao auhau o ka i kela la confrontation o ka hana no ko lakou mau pono. Ke 1894th Engels ola i deteriorated me ka nui loa. Kauka diagnosed ia ia me ka maʻi 'aʻai o ka esophagus. I ka 1895, 5 August, make aku la ia. Ma o kona hope makemake a me ke kino i cremated. Ka ipu a me ka lehu Ua hōʻalu i loko o ke kai ma Eastbourne.