Repubalika o Kina: hoʻokele waiwai, heluna kanaka, mōʻaukala

He nui nā kanaka i ole i ike i ke ao nei ka manawa oi aku i kekahi Repubalika o Kina, a me elua, wale kekahi o ia mau mea i ka pākuʻina kau "poʻe". Akā, i ka ole a pau. I ka iwakalua kenekulia he pōkole manawa ua kekahi Repubalika o Kina, akā, i kēia manawa i ka "Soviet". E ho'āʻo i ka pohihihi mai i kekahi o ia mau mea i mea.

China

Kēia mea He noho mana i loko o ke ao nei ua lohe nuiʻia ma lalo o ka oi kama'āina inoa o "China". Ua Ua hana 01.10.1949 ke kapikala o keia aupuni i loko o Beijing. China (PRC) mea he Socialist moku'āina. I ka lā, ka mea, ua noho ia e Xi Jinping. Alii iho la oia i ke aupuni o ka Communist Party o Kina. Kēia aupuni He He mālama lâlâ o ka un maluhia Aha. A me kela mea keia mea, i koʻu hele lā kona kaumaha ma ka honua kālai'āina a me ka hoʻokele waiwai ua ulu hikiwawe loa.

Ke Aupuni o ka People ka Repubalika o Kina i mau malama e pili ana i ka pale ioeaie o ka aina. Like o kēia lā, China o ka mea nona o ka nui kaua i loko o ke ao nei. I ka Ia manawa ia no hoi i ka nui arsenal o nukelea mea kaua. Ua nui loa na kulanakauhale ma Kina i Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin. I loko nō o ka mea ana i ka nui helu o ka poʻe e noho ana ma keia aina i olelo okoa olelo, ka mea, i ka'ōlelo kūhelu kekahi - i ka Pākē.

Kuʻe Huli henua a mau 'ike e pili ana i China

Kanaka a pau Repubalika o Kina ua aniiei? Ma ka hikina Asia. Kona wahi, he 32 ° 48'00 "'ākau ka latitu a me 103 ° 05'00" hikina me longitude. Kēia moku'āina ninoaaeyao ke kolu o ka wahi i loko o ke ao nei i loko o kona wahi. Ua uhi ka wahi o ka aneane 9,6 milionaʻahā like mika. ei. Akā, ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka heluna kanaka a me Kina, ole i kekahi ke paʻi. An oaeuiinoe 2013 heluna o 1.366.500.000 kanaka ma keia aina.

China ua holoi ma na kai o ka Moana Pākīpika (East China, Yellow, South China). Kona hoalauna i Rusia, North Korea, Mongolia, aneea oneiaey, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos. Coast o Kina hoomaka mai ka palena me North Korea, a hiki i ka Vietnam. Ua loaʻa i ka lōʻihi o 14,5 tausani. Km. All manawa i China hoʻopili like i +8. Kelepona aupuni kuhi +86.

Chinese hoʻokele waiwai

Kanaka a pau Repubalika o Kina i kekahi o na luna o ko ke ao nei hoʻokele waiwai. No laila, ma ka hope o 2013 kona GDP ua 7.318.000.000.000.000 US dala, ma muli o ka heluna kanaka o ka aina, he 6569 dala. Loa huahana ma ke kūʻaiʻana mana parity (PPP) ua like me 12 383 trillion 'Amelika dala. Ma no capita hua'ōlelo, ia dala i $ 9828. I December 2014 hoʻokele waiwai China ka ua lilo i ka mea mua i loko o ke ao nei ma luna o kēia anakahi.

I ka People ka Repubalika o Kina aina kālā o nā renminbi (CNY). Ua hoʻopili like i kekahi kikohoʻe kivila o ka aina o ke kumu 156. ka pōʻaiawaiwai o ka People ka Repubalika mahi '. I ka Ia manawa China mea he ike honua alakaʻi i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o na ano o hanalima huahana, e like me hi a me nā mīkini home. Ua waiwai hoʻolilo i aneane na aupuni he nui nui o ka consumer waiwai, no laila ka mea, ua pinepine kapaia ka "honua ka hola". China - ka nui paa o ka haole launa like me ke koe.

China heluna kanaka

Kanaka Development Index (HDI) i ka 2014, China hookūlana 91 la i waena o nā'āina. He ua 0,719, i mea he hopena loa maikai. Demonym (ka inoa o ka poʻe e noho ana o ka ua Wahiiki) kani e like "Chinese", "Chinese", "Chinese".

I China ma laila i na umi o kekahi mau kanaka (56 kauoha aku ike). Ka mea, oko i loko o kā lākou mau aoao, loina, costumes, meaʻai. He nui no ia i kā lākou mau 'ōlelo. A pau o kēia poʻeʻuʻuku ma ka huina mooolelo no wale 7% o ka heluna kanaka o keia moku'āina. Ke bulk o ka noho ana ma Kina - ka Pākē, ka poe i kapa ia lakou iho i ka "Han".

I loko nō o ka mea i mai 1979 i ke aupuni ua i paakiki hanau ana, makahiki maoli ulu ana o ka heluna kanaka mau e ulu steadily. Ke ola expectancy o ka Pākē kanaka, he 71 no ka makahiki. Ma nā makahiki, ka like ana o ka hoʻokiwikā a me ka kua'āina poe noho e kokoke like, e hoike ana i ke aupuni o kiʻekiʻe uku o ka urbanization. Ka nui o na People ka Repubalika professes kēia nui ka hoʻomana - Hoʻomana Buda, Taoism, Confucianism.

General History o ka PRC

China - kekahi o ka mea kahiko Huipuia, i loko o ke ao nei. Kekahi kānakaʻepekema i manaoio i ka noho maikai ana i State loaʻa ma kahi o 5000 makahiki. Available kākau kumu hōʻoia ana i loko o Kina ano 3.5 tausani makahiki aku nei, ua hoʻomalu ē aʻei kūpono me ka hoʻomōhala ana i ka mana hoʻomalu ma nenoaiu. Alternating me kēlā me kēia mamo aliʻi luna hana ma luna o kona hou. Ka pōʻaiawaiwai o keia aupuni i mauʻia ma muli o ka ulu ana o ka mahiai.

A nui kūlana ma ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka Pākē ka noho hoʻokani ma ka hoike ana o Confucianism like me ka moku'āina ideology, a hoʻokahi palapala nenoaiu. A i loko o ka II-I ke kenekulia BC. No ka haneri o ka makahiki i ka likeʻole aupuni a me nā'āina, e noho ana i loko o ka ?? eoi? Ee, ka hui, alaila, haule iho la ma ke kaʻawale. I ka Ia manawa i nā kanaka i ae mai a eia i ho'āhewa wale o nomads. E mālama ia mau mea i kūkuluʻia Nui Wall o Kina. No na tausani o ka makahiki i kēia ikaika noho maikai ke kino, kaua, assimilated i ka puni hawaiian lāhui kanaka. Hoikehonua, China o ka hopena o ke kenekulia-kahiko kālai'āina a me ka moʻomeheu keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

No na tausani o ka makahiki i kēia moku'āina alii iho la oia ma ka moana i Emperor o kekahi dynasties. Repubalika o Kina, i kapaia o Zhonghua mingo, mau ae la ia mai ka 1911 a hiki i 1949

12/02/1912, ka hope Auguseto, Pu Yi, kakauinoa i ka abdication o ka noho aliʻi. Ma kēia moku'āina he republican ano o ke aupuni i hoʻolauna i kānāwai, akā, ma ka mea i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1911 a hiki i 1949 hoomauia i ka "Time o ka pilikia." I ka Ia manawa, China wawahi i loko o kekahi ana nāʻoihana i kupu mai ma lalo o ka moku'āina koa huahelu. Wale i ka 1949, ka Chinese Communist Party ka Army (CPC) lilo i ka uwa maila i loko o ke kivila kaua e hele ana i loko o kona mokuna. Kēia Ua nui ka pilina i ke kākoʻo mai o ka Soviet Union. CCP lanakila i ka makeʻe kulana Party o Repubalika o Kina, i kapaʻia ka Kuomintang. Nā luna o ka la mahope, holo aku la a hiki i Taiwan. Aia, ka mea, lilo iho la na Mamua o ka moku'āina e like me ka Repubalika o Kina.

olelo hoolaha o ka repubalika

Ma September 1949, i ka mokuna o kēia China hui i ka Pākē People ka Consultative Kuka Malu. Ua i ka mea nāna i haʻi mai i ka People ka Repubalika o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. I kēia manawaʻo ia i koho i ka Central People ka Aupuni Council (CPPCC), a lilo iho la ia i ka luna hoʻomalu Mao Tszedun. I ka makahiki 1954, ma Kina, ke Kumukanawai i aponoia, Kapa hou TSNPS ma ka Kū Komite o ka National People ka Ahaolelo Lahui.

I ka wā mai ka 1949 a hiki i 1956, i ka Soviet Union hoʻolako hiki i kōkua i ka State ma ka hanaia'na o ke kumu o na hana. nationalization a me ka collectivization Ua lawe mai ma luna o ka mokuna o ka repubalika. Weliweli iki mai hoomaka e hoʻomōhala Socialist no? Ieoaeunoaa. I ka makahiki 1956, he hou papa o? Acaeoey i ua haiia ma ka aina, ma i i'oe i loko o ke ola o ka manaʻo o Mao Zedong e kū'ē "communisation" E pili, a me ka "nui ua lele akula nō i mua". Mai 1966 a hiki i 1976, ua kukala aku China i ka "moʻomeheu kipi", a alakai ai i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka papa paio. Hele ana ma luna o ka "kūikawā" alanui o? Acaeoey, ka moku'āina a me ke kaiāulu hoole i ka huakūʻai-kala ana, ua banned ole-moku'āina ano o ka ona, paʻahau haole aneiai hoahanau, a no ka hoopaa lehulehu e hookolokolo ai.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka "oicyenoaaiiie mana"

E hele mai ana e ka mana Ka lua Syaopin denounced i nā kulekele o kona, hoʻokomo, a ma ka makahiki 1977 a hemo ka hou kai eʻe, i kapaia "Beijing Hao". I ka makahiki 1978, ma ka plenum o ka CPC kōmi i kukala aku ai i ka Socialist market hoʻokele waiwai. Ua i kekahi hiʻona. Ua Ua manao e hui pu iho la i ka hoʻolālā a me ka haawi aku la a me ka makeke'ōnaehana me ka nui attraction o na waihona kālā. Pākē hana aole kakou i loaa hou kū kaʻawale i loko o lākou? Aneiai hana. Ua Ua me ka nui loa hoemi i loko o ka lehulehu kaiaulu hoʻokele waiwai e hamama ana noa? Aneiai cii. Great noonoo ua uku i ka lanakila i ka ilihune o ka heluna kanaka, e like me ka pono me iao? Iiaie oaoieei holomua.

Ma ka pau ana o ka 80s o ka iwakālua kenekulia i ka heluna o na People ka Repubalika i ua maopopo hoomakaukau i ka ai. Kela a me keia makahiki, GDP a me ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua steadily mahuahua. Ka lua Syaopina nā mea hoʻololi i ana hahao i loko o ka hana pono, a ma muli o kona pa alima.

• 1993 - Tszyan Tszemin;
• 2002 - Hu Tszintao;
• mai 2012 - Xi Jinping.

China State kahua

Loa kākau i loko o ka'āina i i 4 o ke Kumukanawai (makahiki 1954, 1975, 1978, 1982 GG.). E like me ka hope o ia mau mea, China mea he Socialist noho ana o na kanaka i ka kemokalaka dictatorship. Kona kiekie loa ka mana o ka unicameral National People ka Ahaolelo Lahui (National People ka Ahaolelo Lahui). Ua ninoieo o ka helu nui o ka lunakanawai (2979), ka poe i koho no ka 5-makahiki o nā 'āina ke koho. NPC me ka makahiki. E komo i loko o ke koho aeia lala wale o ka CPC a me 8 o ka aoao "aupuni", a i kekahi hapa o ka CPPCC (Chinese People ka Kalaiaina Consultative Council). Ka mea kiekie loa hooko kino - o ka 'Aha o ke Aupuni, a (e like me ka mea ua pinepine kapaia) ka Central People ka Aupuni. Ua he o: Kuhina Nui a me kona mau lunakanawai, poe lawelawe, Luna Hooia Nui, ano o na hoa, i ka hooko kakauolelo. Highest pā hale - ka Aha People ka Kiekie. Nunui kūlana ma ke kūpono 'ana o ke aupuni pâʻani' o ia ma ka i nā luna - People ka Ahaolelo, a me ka hooko a me ka hoʻomalu (aupuni) aupuni.

I ka lā, kona iho Ahaolelo, he mea kūikawā hoʻomalu wahi, o - ma Hong Kong, a Macau. Ke poo o ke kanaka ka Repubalika o Kina, Xi Jinping, 'aʻole i pau ka pili aloha me ka hope o ka USSR - ka Lūkini Hui. Kela a me keia makahiki i ke aloha ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua, a me ka ae pono ke alu like ka ho onui ana momentum. Olelo o ka People ka Repubalika o Kina i loko o ka Russian Hui attaches nui i ka hou hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka pili aloha ma waena o mākou'āina.

hoʻomalu mahele

Me Kina - nunui ma ka mea kaupaona a me ka heluna moku'āina, ka mea, i ka loa eiiieaena hoʻomalu 'ole. China i hana mana hoʻomalu ma luna 22 aina, a me ke aupuni manaoio 23rd adminedinitsey Taiwan. Ke 'ole o kēia moku'āina i nā 5 hana nona iho wahi, 4 nā kauhale (kulanakauhale kikowaena mana), 2 hana ia kenekoa pa alima. Together, ka mea i kapaia "Mainland China". E hoʻokaʻawale aʻe aaieieno naehana i: Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan.

I ka mea, i loko o Kina he mau pae o kūloko aupuni:

• moku'āina (23'āina, nā kūlanakauhale kikowaena subordination 4, 5 a 2 hana nona iho kuikawā wahi);
• Kaapuni (15 prefectures aimak 3, 286 a me 30 hoʻokiwikā Apana hana nona iho);
• kalana (counties 1455 maʻamau, 370 - kulanakauhale, 117 - hana nona iho; 857 maʻamau a me ka kuikawā Apana 4; 49 poe noonoo ole a me ka hana nona iho khoshuns 3);
• County (13,587 a me 1085 Nationalʻike mau counties, 19.683 hooponopono 106 poe noonoo ole, a 1 lahui TJS 2 kalana āpana kauoha a me ka alanui Komite 7194);
• kua'āina (hoʻokiwikā mau kaiāulu, ka noho 'ana, kauhale).

Hong Kong o kekahi o na -oaio? A kālā o ko ke ao nei. Ma keia kūikawā hoʻomalu māhele o Kina, a kaahele lakou ma lalo o kona mana i ka 1997, ka home o ka oi ma mua o 7 miliona kanaka. Macau - hana nona iho ?? eoi? (Mua Aloha panalaau ia), kahi oi ma mua o 0.5 miliona kanaka.

Repubalika o Kina

E pono e hana me na Hawaii ke aupuni 'ma keia oa ?? eoi?. ʻO wai ka mea o ka Lepupalika o Kina? Akā, he mea ole ia e like Taiwan, a ka Pākē aupuni E hoomanao i ka 23rd aina o ke aupuni. Kēia mokupuni ma ka moana Pakifika nei ua ke aupuni '150 ei mai ka hikina mokuna o nā moku'āina' China. Ma waena o ia mea i ka Taiwan pilikia. Ka wahi o ka mokupuni, he 36 sq. M. ei.

i kukala aku ai i keia moku'āina ka kuokoa ma 10.10.1911 kulanakauhale, akā, a manawa ia i ka hapa 'kalaiaina iaia. Taiwan ka'ōlelo kūhelu - Chinese. Kona kapikala - Taipei. Kēia repubalika He He aupuni a ka lehulehu me ka kalaka nui-koho pelekikena nenoaiie o ke aupuni a me ke ao suffrage. I ka lā, Taiwan o kekahi o ka loa e hoʻomōhala ana i'āina i loko o ka māhele 'āina. He hapa o ka ai-kapaia "eha hawaiian tigers". Peresidena o ka Lepupalika mea malihini Ma Intszyu.

Flag o ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Kina mea heʻulaʻula hae, symbolizing i ka Honua, a me ka uliuli rectangle i loko o ke keena hema kihi, i mea he lani. Ua hōʻike he keʻokeʻo lā. Flag o ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Kina muaʻikeʻia i loko o 1928 ma ka Kuomintang.

Ma Taiwan, i ka hale ma kahi o 23,3 miliona kanaka i. Me ka GDP no capita i ka 2013 ua like me 39 767 US dala, i mea 11 mau manawa nui ma mua o kēia aka ma Kina. Taiwan enehana hana Radio nui i kūlana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai ao holoʻokoʻa. A me kona waiwai i kela makahiki no ka hana. Hoʻokele waiwai o ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Kina ana hoʻomohala ma ka hala makahiki ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka polokalamu' ike loea hou a me ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi o ka heluna kanaka. Ke kālā o keia aina - Taiwan ka Akuma ka.

Education o ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Kina no ka makahiki hoʻomohala ai i ia mau mea i loko o ka mooolelo o ka hoʻololi koi o ka hoʻokele waiwai e ulu ana. I ka lā, i ka wā o ka muli o kumu o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, he 9 makahiki. Nei, Taiwan Aupuni makemake e nae keia i 12 makahiki. Ka holoʻokoʻa hoʻonaʻauao'ōnaehana ua pili kēia biased i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o oaoieei-sciences. E like me ka hopena o ke aʻo haumāna puka i kekahi o ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa pae o ke aʻo ma ka makemakika a me ka 'epekema.

Chinese Soviet Repubalika

An ana nou o socialism-communism, he nui ua lōʻihi hoopoina. Mau kanaka i ike ia mea, ua like me he moku'āina, e like me ka mea Chinese Soviet Repubalika. Ua he nui loa. Ua uuku moku'āina i hanaia i loko o 1931 ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka Communist Party i loko o ka South Central China (Jiangxi). I ka 1937 ka mea i iho i loko o kekahi mau wahi.

Chinese Soviet Lepupalika i kona mau hae, ke Aupuni Kuikawa, ke Kumukanawai, na kanawai, ke koi pohō a me na hoailona, a me ka moku'āina kailaʻae. Ka 'Aha o People ka Commissars o ka repubalika alai ae ia e ka mea'ē aʻe ma mua o Mao Tszedun, ka mea ma hope lilo i ka lōʻihi-makahiki luna o ka People ka Repubalika o Kina. Koa kākoʻo mai o keia aina i lilo i ka Central Army Group. Ua oia mai o ka poʻe hao wale o Mao Zedong a me Zhu De. Ma 1931-1932 GG. ua he reorganization o ka Red Army.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE Leeuwerikplein hiʻona o ka Chinese Soviet Repubalika he: hoʻouku kulana, remoteness, nele o ka 'ōlelo, a hoʻokumu i kona palekana i ka mawaho poe enemi. Ua Ua noho ma kahi o 5 miliona kanaka.