Retina: ke kuleana pili a me ka 'ole. retinal maka kuleana pili i

Ke hiki ae hoomaemae loa oia, a me ka mōakāka ka hihiʻo - he hanana hiʻona kānaka,ʻaʻole wale nō akā, i holoholona. Ma keʻano o ke kohoʻia i wahi i loko o ka makahiki, a me ka papa, he nui nui o ka 'ike: ua ike no ia me ke kōkua o ke kino o ke kanaka i loaʻa i ka 90% o nā' ike e pili ana i na mea a me ke kaiapuni. ʻO nā hana 'ole a me ke kelepona hele haku mele' ana o ka retina i 'ae' ole wale, e ike i ka malamalama kumu o ka mea ukiuki loa, akā, i ka maopopo ma waena o lākou spectral ano. E ka nānā i ana e kapili i ka retina, kona oihana a me nā hiʻona o ka neuronal hui. Akā, kamaʻilio e pili ana i kona 'ole e ole ia, mai ke kuanaʻike o kekahi kanaka e hali ana i ka waiwai o ka' epekema kaʻike, akā, no kaʻoi o ka Hawaii o ka awelika kupa.

retinal maka kuleana pili i

E ka hoʻomaka me nā o ka Naauao. Ka pane ana i ka ninau, ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE mana o ka retina He mea nui iho la ia. Mua a poʻokela o ka pokole o ka malamalama stimulus.

Ma kona ano, o ka malamalama o ka hawewe electromagnetic i kekahi mau 'oscillation alapine (frequency), i kumu no ka pokole o ka retina o kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu. Ke hiki i ka waihoʻoluʻu hihio - he hanana hiʻona o ka evolution o mammals. Me ke kōkua o iao? E piʻi like, ke kālā no ipu, hou kukui hāweo Nine Inch i huiʻia hiki ke nana hohonu i loko o ka 'ole o nā nā loko o ka hihio, e möakäka hou i ka biochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a maopopo maikaʻi pehea ka retina e kuleana pili i mea lapaʻau. A ia me ka mea huli mai, he nui loa, a me kēlā me kēia hanana.

Ka retina maka: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

He nui nā poʻeʻike i ka retina ua aia maloko o ka maka a me ka mea i ka innermost o kona iwi. Ua ua ike ia i loko o kona 'ole inā loaʻa kekahi no laila,-kapaia photosensitive keena. 'Ana ma ia, a hanaʻia photoreception retina kuleana pili i.

Lākou mau inoa i hele mai, i palapala i keena. Pela, ua kapaia ke kookoo-hoʻokino aeee "koʻokoʻo", a me na keena e like me ka Nine Inch ipu i kapaia o "u kukui" - ana i ka inoa "ʻohana".

Ua mau laau la, a cone oko mai kekahi i kekahi,ʻaʻole wale hiʻona o ka histological 'ole. Ka papa likeʻole ma waena o ia mea i loko o pehea ka mea ike i ka malamalama a me kona spectral ano. I ka wahie, e kuleana no ka pokole o ka luminous koko ma ka molehulehu - ", a pau nā pōpoki i oho" i kekahi manawa, i ka wa, e like me ka olelo e hele ai, Akā, i ka pele i kuleana no ka waihoʻoluʻu hihio pokole.

Ooieoeiiaeuiuo hiʻona o ka pele

I waena o cone hoʻokuʻu akula ekolu okoa papa: cone, he kuleana no ka pokole o ka omaomao, ulaula a me ka uliuli māhele o ka pae pakahi. Kēlā me kēiaʻohana ka poʻea pau i ke kahua o ke ano hihio, i ka maka aniani aaioee ka kaha kiʻi. Ma ka pena o ka hope loa ano ho okumu hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka huliāmahi ma i ka HW ua initially unuhi ma ka artist. Like me, ka retina? Aaeaao 'ike ma luna o ka spectral ano o ka malamalama: ke kaumaha ma muli pehea ka hookuuia lāʻau ikiʻai wale cone kēlā me kēia o nā pūʻulu mākou i hele ma ka hihiʻo o kekahi ano.

No ka laʻana, ina ua ike i ka uliuliʻano, o ka loa ua hoopili i hookuu cone, kuleana no ka uliuli māhele o ka pae. A ina e ike ula - laila, niioaaonoaaiii, no ka meaʻulaʻula. Penei, ka retina o ke kanaka maka mana mea ole wale i loko o ka pokole o ka luminous koko, akā, i loko o ka loiloi mua auhau o kona spectral ano.

Nā papa o ka retina, a me ke kumu a lakou i nele i

Paha kekahi manaʻo i koke ma hope o ka maka aniani malamalama ma kahi e pepehi i ka laau a me ka pele, a me ka mea, i ka huli pili ana i ka optic nā aʻalolo olona, e lawe 'ike i ka lolo. I mea mea mea ole. Mua a hiki i ka laau a me ka pele, i ka malamalama pono e lanakila i na papa o ka retina (a me ka mea, helu 10), a wale laila, hana ma ka malamalama-ikepili koʻikoʻi aeee (ua mau laau la, a cone).

Ke outermost, ahu iho o ka pigment ahu iho la ka ka retina. Kona kumu mea e malama i ka backlight. Kēia ahu He He pigment aeee i semblanceʻeleʻele pahupaʻiwikiō ho film pahupaʻiwikiō (oʻeleʻele waihoʻoluʻu a pau, aole ia i hana glare, a me keia o ia hoʻi, i ke kiʻi mea oi crisp, malamalama Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo E nalo). Kēia ahu iho la e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kahua o kaʻoi kiʻi ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka'ōnohi Media o ka maka. I loa pili koke ana i ka, ahu iho o pigmented keena e pili ana i na laau a me ka pele, a me keia hiʻonaʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai e ike ia. Ua huli mai i ka retinal papa e, e like me ka mea ua huli hope. Ke innermost, ahu iho o ka ahu iho o kekahi keena, a ma ka intermediary o ka wati waena, ahu iho aeee ia me ka e hoʻopā ai ka 'ike mai o ka laau a me ka pele. pu nā axons o kēia mau keena e hele mai, mai nā mea a pau ma luna o ka ili o ka retina, a haʻalele i ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo ka ma ka ai-kapaia makapo ke kina ole.

Ma keia wahi, aohe o lakou malamalama-ikepili koʻikoʻi ua mau laau la, a cone, a mai ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo ka mai i ka optic nā aʻalolo. A, eia nō ipu e hoʻolako trophism retina. Ano o ke kino ke loli ke ano o ka retina, i mea he kūpono a me ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ana hoʻohālike no kaʻike, a maʻi likeʻole.

IIeEeAIEUAA o ua mau laau la, a cone

Nature manaoia no laila, i ka laau a me ka pele i aia unevenly ma ka ili o ka retina. Ma ka fovea (maikaʻi hihio āpana) i ka lani kiekie loa lehulehu o kaʻohana keena. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i kēia māhele mea kuleana no ka clearest hihio. E like me ka mamao ho'ēmi i kā ka helu o ka pele o ka kikowaena fossa, he helu o hoaa -, piʻi pū. Pela, ke periphery o ka retina ua poe wale laau. Kēia hiʻona o ka 'ole e hoʻolako mai i ka nuʻukia mōakāka ma kiʻekiʻe malamalama pae, a kōkua i hoomaopopo i ka outlines o nā mea ma ka haʻahaʻa.

retinal neuronal hui

Koke ma ke kua o ka, ahu iho o ua mau laau la, a cone i nā papa o nā aʻalolo aeee ke aupuni '. Ua papa bipolar a me ka ganglion keena. Eia hou kekahi, he mea no ke kolu (waena) ahu iho la ka papamoe keena. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o keia pae o ka iniiaiie aaioee o afferent impulses, i hele mai, mai ka laau a me ka pele.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka retina

Ano, ua ike i ka retina. Ke 'ole a me ka hana ana o ka mea, ua i kūkā mai mamua. It E e olelo no hoi e pili ana i ka loa hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo e pili ana i keia kumuhana.

I mea e kū ai i ka pigment, ahu iho, ai ka malamalama i ka hele ana ma na papa a pau o nā aʻalolo keena, komo iloko o na mau laau la, a cone, a hiki i ka pigment, ahu iho!

Kekahi hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka retina o ka hui, e hōʻoia' nuʻukia mōakāka i loko o ke ao. ʻO lalo laina o ia i loko o ka fovea ua pili kēlā me kēiaʻohana a me kona ganglion aeea, a like me ka mamao i ka periphery i kekahi ganglion aeea 'ohi i ike mai kekahi mau laau la a me ka pele.

Retinal maʻi a me kā lākouʻike,

No laila, i mea no ka hana o ka retina? O ka holo ana, ua pokole o ka luminous koko, a ua hanaʻia refracting Media o ka maka. 'Aʻe' ana i kēia kuleana pili i hiki aku i ka 'aʻe' ana i maopopo hihiʻo. Ma ophthalmology, he nui na retinal maʻi. Kēia maʻi, ma muli o ke degenerative keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me nā maʻi a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o degenerative a me ka tumoral keʻano o ka hanaʻana, delamination, hemorrhage.

Walaʻauʻana a me ka iniiaiie symptoms i i hōʻike retinal maʻi, mea he kāna hana o ka pilikia makapō acuity. I ka wā e hiki mai, aole paha e'ōnohi koʻikoʻi a hanohano, make o ka pilikia makapō mahinaʻai a me keʻano o nā symptoms. Ua pono e hoomanao ia me ka emi i ka pilikia makapō acuity lakou e ike koke nīnau aku i ka ophthalmologist, a me kekahi, i ka pono ninaninau.

ka hopena

Hihio - he haawina nui o ke ano, a me ka papa retina a me kona 'ole - he finely i hoʻonohonoho' ia me he mall, a ooieoeiiaeuiuo oihana mua o ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo.

'Eleu kuka a kāohi examinations ma ka ophthalmologist e kōkua e kuhikuhi i ka pilikia makapō mea kālailai o ka maʻi, a hoʻomaka lapaʻau ma ka manawa. Mea pōmaikaʻi, kēia lapaʻau he kū hoʻokahi loea i literally 20-30 minuke e pakele hiki o ka pilikia makapō kāna hana, a • loaʻa hou i ka hiki ae hoomaemae loa oia hihio. A me ka ike ana i ka hana o ka retina, he mea hiki, e hoʻihoʻi aku ia.