Russian General Kuropatkin Aleksey Nikolaevich: Kawaihae, hoʻolilo 'ia'

General Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin i hānau March 17, 1848 ma ka waiwai Sheshurino ma Pskov mokuna. Kona makua kāne i ka hoi ana luna. Ke koa i kana keiki he pono ka hoʻonaʻauao, hoouna mai ana ia mua i ka First Cadet mau pūʻali, a laila, i loko o ka Pavlovsk Koa School, kahi āna i puka 'o ia i ka 1866.

koa Trees

Hookuu ae i ka ano o ka lutanela mau Kuropatkin aʻeʻo ia i hele ai i Turkestan, kahi āna i mālama ai ma o ka 1st Turkestan Rifle Battalion. Kela manawa, i ka manawa'ōpio wale nō,ʻo ia i wahi i loko o ka hakakā sorties i loko o ka Khanate o Kokand a me Bukhara Emirate. Khiva lilo he nui ho'āʻo kai eʻe no ia. Ka mua hakakā ka hoao ana wale paʻa ai i ke kanaka opio ka makemake e alualu i ka 'oihana i loko o ke kaua.

I ka 1871, Kapena Alexei Kuropatkin i loko o ka Rotehama General Staff Academy. Puka 'o ia mai ke kula mua ma ka papa inoa. Akomi hitting ka General Staff, Kuropatkin hele aku i ka lahui huakaʻi manawa i kipa aku la ia Farani, Kelemania, a hiki Algeria. Ma Africa, ka luna komo i loko o ka huakaʻi no ka Sahara. He kōkua i kā i ka 'ōlelo Palani poe koa ma ka uhi o ka ia'ku o kūloko insurgents. I loko o keia koa i loaa i ka Legeona o Honor. Travel ka hoao ana i hana i ke kumu no ka puke "Algeria", paʻi i ka makahiki 1877.

Ma ka hana o ka Fatherland

Hope ma Rotehama Academy Kuropatkin mea hou o ka luna, a me ka lunakoa. Hoi mai ka home mai Algeria, oia iho ia i ka 'oihana i loko o ka General Staff, a ma ka 1875 hou, hele akula i Turkestan. Manawa, hoomaka ae la ke kai eʻe ma luna o Kokand confuses Bey. Future General Kuropatkin mua e komo i ka Uch-Kurgan pā, no ka i ka mea loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o St. George 4-la loa. Kona poo ua Colonel Mikhail Skobelev, ka mea i kauoha mai ai i nā koa o ka Fergana māhele.

Ka lua o ka manawa, i aku la lakou e halawai me ia ma ka sidelines o Lūkini-Turkish kaua o 1877-1878. I keia manawa, Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin ua pūlikiʻia i ke ano o ka lutanela colonel. He kauoha mai ai i ka ke keʻena luna o ka 16th Infantry Māhele, a me ka loa mahele alakai i ka hookahi Skobelev. Together ka mea, i loko o nā kaua o Pleven a me Lovech kauwahi. Ma hope o ka i kela kapa kaulana o ka Balkans Kuropatkin Mahalo nui au i palapala i aoia i ka hailonaʻana, mai Skobeleva kuhikuhi audacity a me ka paa. Ma ke kaua o Plevna Alexei Nikolaevich i seriously eha (ma hope ona, exploded piha malama pahu) a ua mai o ka hana.

Ma hope o lapaau a me ke ola Kuropatkin hana pokole i loko o ka General Staff. I ka 1879, oia i noho luna ana o ka 1st Turkestan Infantry Brigade. A laila, hahai aku la i ka manawa o ke kalaiaina a me koa poe mikanele ma Farani, Iran a me China. Ma 1880-1881 GG. Kuropatkin komo i loko o ka Akhal-Teke kai eʻe. Ma hope iho ua hoomaka ae la he ehiku-makahiki au o ka hana i loko o ka General Staff, ma ke koa ua paʻa likeʻole nui keia oihana.

I luna i ke Kuhina

Mai 1890, Kuropatkin - Lutanela-Nui. Ma keia hoouka i ke kaua ka mea, i kauoha mai ai i ka poʻe kaua e huli i ka i loko o ka māhū-Caspian māhele 'āina. Eia, ke koa, ua, e hōʻike aku i ko lakou hiki luna - Māhele 'ua hoano e nui Russification. Ma lalo o kāna mau alakaʻi i loko o ke kula ua lilo ia i thriving hana, kuai, mahiʻai, mea kanu kauhale, a me nā kauhale. Ua hoomaka ka colonization o ka Transcaspian Lūkini noho, hana Lūkini kula i kukulu ia no kekahi mau keiki.

Hoʻomalu ka hoʻokōʻana Kuropatkina i ole hele unnoticed. I ka 1898, ua hoonohoia oia i lawelawe o ke kaua i loko o Rusia. Kēia wahi General Kuropatkin i malamaʻi, no ka makahiki eono, a hiki i ka hoomaka ana o ke kaua me Japan. Kai Eʻe Alexei hālāwai me ke ano o Adjutant Nui.

Ke kaua me Japan

Ka mea, ua i ke kaua Lūkini-Japanese o 1904-1905. Ua Ua lilo ka nui hakaka no Kuropatkina kona 'oihana. A nei, ka mea i ka lono i ka mea e hana ana ma-luna i ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua. Naʻe, i loko o keia kulana, Tsar Rotehama II i kauoha mai ai Adimarala Alexeyev.

Kuropatkin i ole i kona kanaka iho i loko o ka pā hale imperial. Ke kaua, e hoolilo ia oi aku kona hanohano hoʻomaha a me ka laumania. Ma Pepeluali 1904, Kuhina o War Ua lilo nui i luna o ka Manchurian Army, a ma October - luna o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina kahi o ka luahi Alekseeva fiasco.

Ma mua o kēia manawa, Kuropatkin i ho'āʻo nui, i aku la ia, i pii ole mediocre. Ka mea, lilo iho la ke kaua o Liaoyang, hoʻopaʻa pipi 'August 24, a pau ma luna o ka lā 3, 1904. Ua hoomaka me ka shelling Lūkini nā kūlana hana, ai hoʻonohonohoʻia kēia huahelu o ka Ilamuku Oyama. A laila, ua lawe na Japanese naholo kiki mai ai, a hoopio iho la kekahi mau mea nui kiekie.

Ke hou hoouka mai ai ma luna o ka po o ka 26 August. Na Japanese ku ma ka 3rd Siberian a 10th Army mau pūʻali. Nunui a me ka ukiuki kīmopō ma na Kepani i pau ai ma ka ole. Nui loa nui ka pōʻino ka mea, waiho wale aku no ia ma ka mauna o artisanal, kahi i nui ka helu o nā koa i hele mai ma lalo o ke ahi, mai Lūkini mea kaua.

Ma keia kulana Kuropatkin ke lawe i ka hoʻokō lāʻau a hiki i ka hope o kaʻenemi hopohopo. Naʻe, i ka luna manao, e emi hope. Kona poʻe hao wale haʻalele pono mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka pale o ka mauna a me ka hilly kūlana. Place kaua i ua komo 'o ia ma ka ninini ka ua, na koa neʻe iho-hohonu i loko o Padfolio mud, losing pū a me ka make mau lio.

Kaua o Liaoyang hōʻike he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o Japanese akamai. E ho ohana i kūlike loa 'ike e pili ana i ka neʻeʻana o kaʻenemi, Ilamuku Oyama i ole ālai ia' aʻe i ka Lūkini, me ka manao i ko lakou tactical ahailono ia e wale waiwai. Na Japanese kali weliweli downpour i loko o nā halelewa.

Eia naʻe, i loko o nā lā e hahai ana mahope, hoʻowahāwahā i ka ke koikoi kulana o ka Russian ana i kaua aku ai i nā mea a pau hou a me ka hou o ka ho'āhewa wale. September 20 Oyama hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau i kuemi hope. Kuropatkin kuikui aku la ia no kekahi mau hola. He makaʻu i ka pūhakaʻaoʻao pale, a na Kepani ke ole e moe ana, a me ka mea mua, e haʻalele i kona kulana, ua hoʻoneʻe i Mukden.

Oyama ua hahaiʻole aku i ka Russian, e makau i ka mea i hoʻomākaukau ai i kekahi mau eiiieaena a me ka ole loa akakaʻoihana kaʻa. Soon, nae, i ke Kepani ua nui haohao ia mea, loaa no ka mea i koe Kuropatkin Liaoyang. Aia ka mea, lalau nui laau o ka ipu, ka lole, ka meaʻai a me ka ammunition. A pau o kēia mau mea a pau i laweia mai i ka loa Hikina, mai Europa Rusia, a ua, e kōkua i ka hana o ka ho'āʻana o Port Arthur. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ke indecision General Kuropatkin a pau o kēia mau kaʻakālai manao i loko o ka hala.

Ke Kaua o ka Shah

Ke kakahiaka nui kaua i General Kuropatkin i ke kaua ma luna o ka muliwai Shahe (e like me ka mea i'ōleloʻiaʻo Shaheyskim kaua). 5 hoomaka ae la ke kaua, a pau October 17, 1904. La ke alii, huhu iho la ia me ka holo pono Liaoyang, a koi Kuropatkina hoouka i na koa o Ilamuku Oyama.

Ke kaua ana i mau lā. A laila, na Kepani olelo hooholo, e hopu i ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI Initiative. October 10 ka mea, a hemo aku kona iho kūpono '. Ke kumu nui loa iho la kekahi ma luna o ka 10th a me ka 17th Army mau pūʻali. Ka hoʻoili kaua nui me ka loli iki ana i ka pomaikai. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā o ka confrontation ma waena o nā pūʻali koaʻelua, hoomaka ae la e kukulu i pakaua i ka oihana. Ke kūpono alo i lalau ma ka 60 kilomika. No kaʻoihana kaua ka mea, ua he pono hou kŰia, a ma hope lilo commonplace iloko o ka First World War. E like me ka hopena o ka ho'āhewa wale a me eea-ho'āhewa wale, i kekahi o na aoao elua, e kau mai ma mua o ka hana, ua i pau.

Ke kaua e pili ana i Sandepu

Ke kaua ma luna o ka muliwai alakai i ka Shah, kokoke Mukden Lūkini koa kiaʻana i kāna i loko o ka waiwai o ka 320 tausani kanaka. Keia poe koa he pū'ā unchallenged lilo ae la ka luna o ka loa hikina, General Kuropatkin. Na Russian-Japanese War ua ua lawa ka pōʻino, a hōkaiʻia hana. Ano, i ka oihana koa alakaʻi aole ana kuleana e hana hewa.

Ka mea, ua ma lalo o ia mau ana, January 25, 1905, hoomaka ae la ke kaua o Sandepu. Ke Lūkini koa Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia kona aʻe kūpono', a hiki hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea ia i ia manawa ka mea, ua i kuluma i ka hoʻomaka hana koa ana i loko o ka hooilo. Ma ka pau ana o ka lā mua o ka hana Siberian Rifle mau pūʻali hoopio aku Heygoutay - he kī wahi o ka poe koa o ka Ilamuku Oka. hoʻoneʻe Japanese i na me ke koe. Siberian Rifle mau pūʻali i, e ku malie, a lawe i ka pale kūlana.

I kekahi la ae (26 Ianuali), na Kepani hooauheeia i ka hoouka ana o ka 14th Infantry Māhele. I ka pō, ua neʻe mau regiments hou i ke kokoke kauhale, lawe aʻelaʻo ia ki pahuhopu - Sandepu. Naʻe, i loko o ka pouli, i kaʻoihana kaʻa pilikia. Lūkini hao wale pio loa kekahi kauhale, a ua ho'ōla kiola i kuemi hope.

hoao kekahi e hopu Sandepu i hoʻopaʻa 'ia no 28 January. Ke Japanese, naʻe, i ole ana i ka hua i ka Initiative lakou iho counterattacked. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ke kaua i restless 1st Siberian mau pūʻali. Ma ka hopena o awakea, kaumaha kaua kūpono i ka pomaikai o ka poe kaua Lūkini, a he oiaio, i ka 31 la Infantry Māhele. Kona koa ku mau kūlanakauhale i loko o ka wahi Sandepu. Eia hoʻi, ka mea, hele aku la a hiki i ka hope o na Kepani, ka haawi ia lakou i loko o ka loa awkward kūlana. I mea, i kaʻenemi ua ma luna o ka verge o encirclement a me ka luku aku.

Ma keia loaʻano nui koke i ke kaua wawahi mai ma waena o Lūkini luna. Kuropatkin i manao ai na hana o kona poe koa, ka oi risky. Ua nui lawe mai kekahi o ka holomua ho'āhewa wale ma ka lea o kona mau kauoha. Luna Nui o ka kaikaina pūkaua Initiative mea i lealea nui aku ai. He wehe i kekahi mau kī kanaka, a me e ku ana ma ke poo o ka 2nd Manchurian Army Oscar Ferdinand Grippenberg. Kēia infantry pūkaua ua ai outraged ma na hana o Kuropatkina i hoopii ai ia ia o disrupting i ka hana, a hele aku la i St. Petersburg.

No ka mea, o ka limahana mea hoopaapaa i ke kaua o Sandepu maoli i pau ai i loko o kekahi mea. Russian koa hou hiki ole pepehi hou i ke Kepani, a ke hoʻololi i ka papa o ke kaua. Ke kūlana quo ua malamaia.

Mukden catastrophe

No ka mea, pehea nui, aʻaʻohe kūpono 'ua mua hoʻolako' ole 'ana o ke kaua Lūkini i loko o ke kaua me Japan, o ka mea nui no kona kaua i noho mua. Kēia culmination o ke kai eʻe i ke kaua o Mukden (Pepeluali 19 - March 10, 1905). Bloodletting, lawe ae la i ka ke alo 150 kilomika loa. Ma na aoao elua o ma kahi o ka hapa miliona kanaka i komo i loko o laila. 250 Ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hou kaua pū me 2,500 mea kaua apana. Ke kaua 'ana o 24 tausani ola o (oi ma mua o 130 kaukani iki i).

Kaua o Mukden i ke kaua i loko o ka Classic ano o ka olelo. Ua laʻa ana o na mea he nui ka poe liilii, hookui hookahe koko ana i hanaia i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka mea uie ke alo. hoomaka Mincer me ka Japanese kaua, a me ia na Kepani ma ka papa o ka malama holoʻokoʻa noi ke kaua. I loko nō o ka makau ole ma ia o Russian poe koa, me ka hae o ka enemi kākoʻo mau 'ana i ka uku paneʻe. Ma hope o ke kolu o workaround Japanese koa Alexei Kuropatkin kena i ka hee. Soon kaʻenemi noho Mukden. He aha hanaia i loko o Rusia i ike i ka poino.

Ke loaa ole ia hope o ke kaua ticked aku i ka mana. Alexei Kuropatkin Ua nele anei o ka inoa o ka he Alihikaua Nui la. Koena o ke kaua, ua hoolilo ia ma ke poo o ka 1st Manchurian kaua. He Ua UAIAaIN ma Nikolai Linevich. Ke kai eʻe, nae, i mua ua nalowale. Soon, Japan ua hiki ke hoʻokō i ka mea oluolu no ka maluhia Kuikahi ana.

mōakāka 'Ikepili

I pau ai ke kaua Lūkini-Japanese o 1904-1905. Ka mea, ua i ke kumu o ka mua Lūkini kipi. Hilahila Portsmouth Aloha alakai koa manao he nui e pili ana i na kumu o ka launaʻole ma luna o ka mōʻaukala o ka'āina i ka pio ana o ka enemi, i a nei i kekahi i seriously. Ma ka hou o kēia mau Hanalei Moon General Kuropatkin hoi ae la i kona waiwai, a hoonoho iho e pili ana i kākau i ka puke e pili ana i ka hope kai eʻe. Kona eha-ka leo "memo a pau ma luna o ka Lūkini-Japanese War" i paʻiʻia ma ka 1906.

Kue a me kona palena hoalauna, ua kakaʻikahi i ke kahiko a me ka tactical KUMUMANAʻO NUI hana o ka XIX kenekulia i pili 'ole. I kona puke, Kuhina o War, Rusia ua hoʻomaopopo i ka ki huiʻoihana ka nawaliwali o ka poe koa Lūkini, a ho'ōla alakai ai i ka loa ola pio. Ka mea, komo i ka makaukau ana o ole koa, mobilization, oaoieei-lako a pan, a no laila, ma luna o. D. ke kaua me Japan alakai aku ai i ka ulia, akā, me ka a pau, ao koke ae hoomakaukau no ka hou nui-unahiʻole, i ke kaua. Ma kēia mau ana, Rusia i ka pono o ka hulina mihi o ka poe koa. ʻOiai Kuropatkin a haʻalele nō naʻe, noho ia i lâlâ o ka State Aha, a ho'āʻo e haawi i ka modernization o ka puali koa.

Hou ma luna o ke alo

I ka 1914 i ka First World War. Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin, koa poʻe kauwā i ua hookoeia mai ai, hoʻowahāwahā i ka hōʻino pio, koke noi no ka poe koa, a loaa i ka hoole ana o ka Luna Nui Duke Rotehama. Ka mua mahina o ke kaua, ua hoʻonohonoho kōkua seriously eha luna.

Ma September 1915, ka wā o ka he Alihikaua Nui la lilo Rotehama II, ka mea Alexei Kuropatkin i hoonohoia e kauoha aku i ka Grenadier mau pūʻali. ʻO kēia February, i kau ka luna i loko o ka uku o ka pau ana o ka Northern Front, i kahi ma luna o nā kapa o ka Western Dvina. Ma keia kulana, oia kau koke e pili ana i ka hoomakaukau ana no ka hoouka. Ka hana wehewehe nui loa aku mamao aku, mai Riga, a ho'āʻo o 12th Army. Koa i hopu i kekahi mau laina pono e hoomalu ana i na auwaha, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea puʻe ma nā pūhaka aku la lakou i ko lakou wahi kahiko.

Ma muli naʻe o ka mea a pau, General Kuropatkin, kona Kawaihae ua oia o na mea he nui ia iluna, a iho i lalo, au e i lilo aku e lanakila ma ka kaua ana i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Mai ka 21 a hiki i 26 March 1916, e hoʻomau i ka mua o kona mau koa a puni Yakobshtadta, a hana i ka foothold. Iloko o keia hana, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua e hoʻokele i mua wale nō he mau kilomika.

April 14, Kuropatkin, e olelo oe i hele ai i ke anaina kanaka, a i noho ma ka Auguseto. General hooku iho la ia i ka olelo ma ka noho ana o ka hala koke hanana o ka ole. Ke kumu no ka i ka hoʻokō 'ole' ana o ka hana i kaheaia mai ai, he ino paha auanei, pepe alanui a me erroneous hoʻohana 'ana o ke kaua.

Summer ma ka hema, hoomaka ae la ke kaulana Brusilov Kūpono '. Kuropatkin, ka mea i koe i loko o ka Baltic States, ua AEeOEXAaI no kekahi mau pule, a ma ka July ee hoouka ma ka Bauska, ma i lawe hapa a pau o ka ia 12th Army. Manoukian mea haule 15 paha tausani kanaka, akā, e like ma hope o nā lāʻeono o ka poʻe kaua, i hiki ole ai i wahi e noho ai o ke kulanakauhale. Ole Kuropatkina hele unnoticed ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka euphoria Brusilovski Ua Hopu.

Ka pau 'ana o ke ola a me ka hope makahiki

I July 1916 i hoouna mai i ka ua kama'āina Kuropatkin ia ia Turkestan, kona wahi i lilo Kiaaina Nui a me ka luna koa. Ma keia hoouka i ke kaua,ʻo ia halawai i ka February kipi. Ke aupuni hou i hoopaa i kona kulana, e hookupaa aku ana kona kūikawā telegram. Eia naʻe, i kona pōʻino, General Kuropatkin, hoʻolilo 'ia' a i uuku hoihoi i loko o kue ana i ka 'Aha o koa' a me ka hana i 'lunakanawai o Tashkent. Luna o ka mea mua i lalo o ka hale e hopuia, a ma hope o nā kūlana hana hoʻonele mai ana, hoouna aku la a hiki i Petrograd.

I ke kauwela o 1917 ma ka luna o ka Alexander Komite hanaʻo ia ma luna o ka eha. Me ka hana o ka mālama ilamuku me ke kino kīnā, a hiki i General Kuropatkin. Ma hope o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana, hoi aku la oia i kona poe kanaka Pskov panalaau, kahi āna i noho ai no ka koena o ka wa elemakule. Alexey hoʻonohonoho he kua'āina kula, a holo aku la i ka hale waihona puke kūloko, i hoonoho ai i kona mau nui kālā. Ma hope, kona mea, a me ka mea i koe ma hope o ka hana ma luna o ka puke e pili ana i ka Lūkini-Japanese War, i laila 'o ia i ka Russian State Koa History Archive. Alexei Kuropatkin make ma 16 Ianuali i ka makahiki 1925 i ka makahiki o ka 76 makahiki.

hanohano

No ka heroism a me ke koa o Plevna i ka 1878 Kuropatkin loaa he gula pahi kaua me ka leo "No ke koa" a me ka Papa Hanohano o St. Anne a me St. Stanislaus 2 Makalu degere. Ma hope o ke kaua me Tureke, ka mea i lanakila 'o ia he nui wale lahui hoʻolilo' ia '. I waena o lākou i hāʻawi Serbian Aupuni ke kauoha o ke kea o ka takovo. Ma ka ia Kuropatkin loaa ia ia i ka mekala "No ka ikaika" o MaunaʻEleʻele. Hope mai ma luna o ka mea, hele aku la i ka Balkan aina i Papa Hanohano o ke Star o Romania, e like me ka Papa o "Sana Alexander" Pulakalia.

No ka mea pilikia ka Russian-Japanese War Kuropatkin hoʻolilo 'ia' i loaa. Akā, i ka 1890 i hookoiaʻo ia i ka Papa Hanohano o ke White aeto, a me ka Papa Hanohano o St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ma ka Ewa o ke kaua me Japan a hiki i keia ia nā kumu kāki mākou hou i na mea daimana na hoailona i hōʻike ai i ka hana na makana no ka moku'āina mau.