Russian National Library ma St. Petersburg, mai ke kumu mai a hiki i ka manawa

Aloha no ka moʻokalaleo, ko makou poe kanaka i hanai ai i millennia. Ka mua luakini o nā puke iʻikeʻia i loko o Kiev, ma ka Initiative o Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo hoʻi i ka 1037. No ka lōʻihi manawa i kēia hale kūʻai i nā mea maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei. I keia la, i ka papa inoa o nā kūlana depositories loaʻa Russian National Library ma St. Petersburg.

Ka manao e hana

Mua aku ke hoʻolimalima hale e ohi i ka puke i wale i ka waiwai a me ka aristocrats. Akā, kekahi folios liʻiliʻi i loko o nā hale o nā aliʻi ke ia i ke kahua no kekahi stratum ikaika o ka pilina, a me ka moku'āina koi 'ia. Ke ho'āʻo mua i ka ho okumu ana i ka heluhelu lumi i ua i loko o ke kula kēia. Akā, komo i ke keʻena ua ole a pau, a me ka heluna o nā puke ua ololi specialization.

No laila, kū aʻela i ka ninau o pili home kahi i na mea populations ke loaa ka ike.

He kuleana pili i ua hana imperial Public Reading Room, i hope i kapa e like me ka National Waihona Puke o Rusia. St. Petersburg lilo i ka piko o ka moku'āina, ma hope o nā nā mea hoʻololi o Peter I. Nolaila, i ke kulanakaukale, i kahi e waiho ana he halekula akea maikai, i wae mai ai me ka hoʻokūoʻo kahunapule. E like me he kumu, ua lawe nā puʻuʻEulopa.

Empress moe

Ka lā o ka hanau ana o ka waihona ua manaoia e e 16 (27) ma May 1795. Ua i laila, i ke aliʻi wahine Ekaterina Velikaya i kekahi papahana e mohai aku i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Yegor Sokolov. Ma hope o apono ana o ka manao koke kūkulu hoomaka. Uku hana o ka State Waihona.

koho 'Aʻole loa i ka'āina ma lalo o ka hale i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, ia la ia mea e like me ka National Waihona Puke o Rusia. Ma St. Petersburg, Nevsky nānā ana ua noʻonoʻo o ka waena. Aia a e wahi kaawale no hou hale.

olelo hiʻona o ka luakini i ka mea i ka lumi ua kuhikuhi hapai ole e like me ka neeaa no ka Hawaiʻi nei nui buke a me na palapala, a me ka lehulehu, he lehulehu wahi. It E ke kaulana i loaʻa i kekahi hana, i ke alo noiʻi - e ohi i, a hoonohonoho i ke moʻokalaleo kākau i loko o Russian.

o ka piko

Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ke kūkulu i wahi, a me ka ohi ana o mea a hiki i ka hale waihona puke. Ka hihia kauo ia, a ua kaulana i ka puka ana o ka heluhelu lumi wale 2 (14) i loko o January 1814. Pēlā i hoʻokumu i ka Lūkini National Waihona Puke ma St. Petersburg.

Over na makahiki, ua mahuahua ole wale i ka helu o nā puke a me ka helu o nā malihini. Kōkua houluulu i ka ohi ana i poʻokela naau o ka manawa: kākau moʻolelo, poe akeakamai a me nä känaka 'epekema. i kā lākou mau hana i loko o make hewa, a ma ka 1864 i loko o nā keʻena o ka heluhelu lumi i kaʻohiʻia aneane 90% o nā mea a pau Lūkini-'ōlelo paʻi puke.

I? Oaony, ma manawa, hoomaka iho la makou e hele hou aku a oi kanaka, mai maʻamau mauʻohana. Ko Pilisetia, mahiʻai, bankrupt aliʻi - a pau like paha halawai heluhelu lumi. Pinepine hoaʻai o nā puke ma ka home, he wahine. Kauia loulou me nā puke depositories i loko o ke ao nei. Hana pono a me ke kula o nā kulanui a me nā ahahui 'imi naʻauao.

me ka lehulehu keʻena

Imperial Public heluhelu lumi, i ua manawa i ike ai i ka mea heluhelu, e like me ka National Waihona Puke o Rusia ma St. Petersburg, ua loaa hou hiʻona ma hope o ka hiki ana o Soviet mana.

Management Ua hoʻoholo i ka loa e ku pono ana ideological papa, i ua e hoopili aku i ka lehulehu. Ma mua, i niuniu ke koena ma ka lilo o ka waiwai i hoiliili ole i ua koho i ko lakou mau nona wale - ponoi kanaka. Lawe moʻokalaleo o na monasteries a me ka ekalesia. Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War, i ka hale waihona puke i i hooki aku i ko lakou mau hana, a hiki i ka blockade i mai nā puke i ka heluhelu.

E hoʻomaka ana mai ka 50 o ua hoonuiia ka helu o nā mea heluhelu, a no ia mea, i ka hana. Ua piha nā shelves me ka hou a me ka hou he nui.

Paʻakikī manawa i hele mai ma hope o ka'opi o ka USSR. Ka helu o nā malihini i haule dramatically. Nō hoʻi, kope hou o ka moʻokalaleo hou hana.

I keia la, i ke Aupuni e ho'āʻo ana e ka haʻaheo i loko o ka muli iho hanauna aloha i ka puke. E hana i kēia, e kāinoa a pau o ka mea ana. Russian State Reading Room (Moscow), ke koho pelekikena Library (St. Petersburg) - mau a me nā pūnaewele - i ka haaheo o ka aina.