Saponins - He aha ka mea? Ano, hōʻikeʻano

Nine Inch saponins (kekahi glycosides saponizidy ole geterozidy) - i nā mea loaʻa o nā triterpenoids a me steroid. Ka mea, i ka superficial a me ka hemolytic haʻawina, e like meʻawahia i anu-koko holoholona. Saponins i maheleia i triterpenoid a me ka steroid. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka kumu, lau, pua, na aa a me ka hua o ka mea kanu. Kēia mau mea komo o ka carbohydrate a me ka aglycon.

Description a me nā 'ano

Kekahi saponin kona waiwai i kekahi mau hiʻona, ke nânâ i ke koʻikoʻi ole ma liluwelo meaola. He waiwai nui ke kumu no hemolysis a me nā 'ano apau loa naʻokoko (no ka mea, o keia iwi haalele i kona semipermeable erythrocytes). Hana saponins hiki aku ai i ka ingress o hemoglobin i loko o ke koko. Manawa a hiki i keia kanawai ma ka anu-koko holoholona o Nyos halo o mua.

He nui meaola i make e ka mea make, a ua kaʻawale saponins. He aha ka mea? Mau hui i amorphous paha mea pōaka hygroscopic yellowish waiwai ( 'ole colorless). No ka saponin ua wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe thermal heheʻe a me ka decomposition. Ka mea, e hiki mai o ua hakumakuma i kaʻilikai hoʻopilikia, ma muli o ia a ma ka lulu lākou koʻana koko pāʻoihana kuahene nui lio hua. Ma chloroform, benzene a me ka diethyl Etera siponiny insoluble. Ke kulana mea okoa i ka wai, a me ka ethanol metanola. Ma kēia mau hydrophilic nā'uheheʻe saponins wailana ma ka hihia o ke kiʻekiʻe maʻiʻo monosoharidov i loko o kā lākou nā lātoma.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka saponin ma ka 'ano

Aole loa, mai ka iaʻohana o nā mea kanu loaʻa saponins. Totalʻepekema i kahi o 40 o mau? Ueo nā pūʻulu. Ke keena o ia mau mea kanu hoʻohui pū mea hoʻoheheʻe saponins. He aha ka mea? Loa pinepine, i kēia hapa o ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka lola honua mea kanu. Triterpene saponins i ano Caryophyllaceae, Araliaceae, legumes, polemoniaceae, polygalaceae, hippocastanoideae, Rosaceae a me ka 'ole. D. Ua ua hoʻomano haawi mea kanu e like me licorice, a ginseng, e laʻa me, Aralia.

Steroidal saponins i kekahi hapa o na mea kanu a pau a hiki i ka līlia ohana, figwort, agave, dioscoreaceae, a no laila, Ma, kēia hui kikowaena sarsaparil, foxglove a me Dioscorea.

Interestingly, ka poeikohoia o ka flora kaʻawale saponins e hoʻopale ai ia lakou iho e ku e ia pathogens. Penei, glycosides hoʻoulu lākou ulu ana, stress ia'ku a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i germination. saponin e hoʻololi i ka haku mele 'ana o carotenoid pigments limahana ma kāʻamaʻai. Ka waiwai hiki ke hua mai i loko o ka lau, ma ka mea, ua kaʻi aku ma ke koena o ka mea kanu. Pono keia mau mea i huiia ua loaa ma kūikawā keena a me epidermal anei i. Ma ka hopena, e hele aku i loko o ka rhizome, mea kuleana no vegetative propagation. Saponins i hua mai la i ka mahuahua ana i loko o ka hopena o ke poho i ka mea kanu nā'aʻaʻa.

Hydrolysis a me ka maʻiʻo o monosaccharides

Liluwelo saponins i mea kanu,ʻakika hydrolysis. Ka mea, ke hana hakakino eiiieaenu me lipids, sterols, nā polokina a me phenolic i huiʻia. Saponins (hou kaʻoi loa, kā lākou carbohydrate hapa) aia no iloko olaila, mai 1 a hiki i 11 monosaccharides. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui o ka waiwai pili i ka kekahiʻano: oligozidam, pentozidam, triozidam, biozidam, monozidam.

Ma ka hapanui o na hihia ka mea, aia no iloko olaila 'ona e like me D-xylose, D-monakō koko, D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose a me ka' ole. D. ia oihana mua a me nā saponins. He aha ka mea? Monosaccharides - ke aloha i huiia ho okumu i ka kalapona kaula hao i hiki e manamana ai paha laina. Steroidal saponins ano he poe 1-5 ia hehee wale, oiai kona triterpene hiki i 10 a hiki aku.

Ke pōʻalo o saponins

Makaukau o saponin mai ka palapala kūlohelohe maka mea ua lawe mai i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Mua ke hele mai i ka pōʻalo (hoololiia ana eiiiiiaiou, mai ka paa ana i ka wai a me ka'ūheheʻe). A laila, i ka kūpono lako e ua huikalaʻia, a kaawale.

No ka mea pōʻalo o Polar nā'uheheʻe hoʻohana - ethanol a me ka metanola me nā nā hoʻohui like. Kekahi hoʻohana paʻakai koloriside pāʻoihana. Ma kekahi mau hihia, pōʻalo o ka maka mea, e hoʻokō 'ia Etera, a kalapona. Ole keia ina hana hiki ole keia i luku slozhnorastvorimyh eiiieaenu me saponins, nā polokina, sterols a me phenolic i huiʻia.

, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe

A hana no ka hoomaemae i ke saponins loaa hilinaʻi nui ma luna o lākou 'ole. No ka laʻana, Polar? Ueo i poorly wailana ma ka metanola a me ka ethanol, a ma lalo o ka huʻihuʻiʻana a me ka hou o ka ethanol, e hana i kekahi ano precipitate. Ke kulana mea okoa me ka glycosides. Ka mea, i precipitated ma hope o dilution me ka wai, ka waiʻona nā pōʻalo, a mai hoike mai i loko o ka wai. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka triterpene saponins pono mekala 'åkilikai. Kekahi hana ma luna o ia mau mea, acetone, diethyl me Etera,'eto'ākeka, isoamyl a me ka butyl waiʻona mai ke kino.

Other hoʻomaʻemaʻe ki ina hana like i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka waiwai o ka mea hou saponins, pu me kēpau'ākeka a barium hydroxide insoluble paʻakai. Ma ka loaʻa 'ana o na pono a pau o i decomposed. Oia ano mea e pono ai i ka mea e hana i ka saponins loa maemae. He aha ka mea? 'O kēia ka lani kiekie loa ka pono a me ka devoid o impurities eiiiiiaiou me kaʻaʻahu haku mele' ana.

chromatographic kaawale

Kekahi mea kanu mea (e laʻa me, flavonoids, saponins a me ka 'ole. D.) he pono akahele pēpēʻana. Maemae ia, ma ka hou ana i ka ho'ākāka 'ia, ua kiʻina hana e mau hoʻohana chromatographic kaawale ana. Ma keia hihia, no ka hoʻohana nā'uheheʻe e like me aceticʻakika, n-butanol, chloroform, koʻana koko ammonia, N-propyl ka waiʻona, metanola, a me ka 'ole. D.

Ma hope o ka mua chromatographic kaawale aaioee kaʻina kānāwaiʻakika reagents - .. Phosphomolybdicʻakika, antimony pentachloride, etc. E like me ka hopena, saponins palapala polyenes - conjugated unsaturated hui. Ka mea hiki ke pena i kaʻulaʻula, a he poni, a me ka a pink (ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ole o ka waiwai).

palapala noi

i hoʻohana Saponins me kekahi mau Pahuhopu. No ka laʻana, ka mea, e hoʻokomo i loko o ka hua nui agena i loko o ke ahi extinguishers (aie i ka mea i kēia mau waiwai kuahene nui lather). Saponins i nā kula a me nā emulsions o ka haku mele, penei stabilizing mau lakou hoopuehu. 'Ona i loko o kēia hui e okoa emulsifying ka waiwai, a e ia i kekahi mau mea kōkua ma ke keʻena o ke kopa.

Saponins i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka makaukau o kekahi kea (e laʻa me, pia), e like me confectionery (halvah). Ka mea, i hua mai la me dietary a me ka'aiaola kumukanawai. Ua i hoʻohana 'ia ma iaeoaeuiiai eiiieaena (kiaha dala, tonics, expectorants, vaccines, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). I loko nō o ka pākōlea pomaikai, saponins no ka mea, o kona kaʻawahia, mālama nui ua koi 'ia ka wā ka hoʻohana' ana.

Ka hoʻohana o pharmacology

Saponins, licorice ua lōʻihi, ua hoikeia mai no kona Anati-allergic a me Anati-hoʻoʻino hana. ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kēia mau mea haʻilula keimikala e ia i ka lepo, he malakeke a extract. Liquorice - ke kumu o na huaale. Ua ua pākuʻi e hoʻoikaika i ka ho'āʻoʻana o ka laau a me ka ai '. Licorice ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hihia o ka mea hoʻomaʻi nā mea palahēhē o kaʻili, a me ka wahine nā loko, e like me shingles.

Ke oi pono keia mau mea, mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka pharmacology ua noʻonoʻo hapa o na saponins glycyrrhetinicʻakika a me ka glycyrrhizin. Ma muli o ia mea, i hoomakaukau e kōkua ma ka kaua e ku e asthma. Kekahi mau mea kōkua ma ke keʻena - flavonoid. Mau hui, he hapa flakarbina a me ka likiritona ai antiulcer, antisecretory, Anati-hoʻoʻino a me ka spasmolytic hopena. Mau ai 'i hoʻohana no ka gastric a duodenal ulcer paha gastritis.

I ka pono kanawai o ka ginseng ua ikeia ma ka aina hikina i na tausani o ka makahiki, ma keia mea kanu i lilo i kaulana lāʻau, a ua symbolically kapaʻia ka "kumu o ke ola". Ma Kina a me Korea, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o sayings. Ginseng aʻa i ka tonic a me ka noho haumāna kahi hookoia no, ka mea, e hoʻohana i ka adaptogen. Dala ma ka muli o kēia mau reagents i hoʻohana 'ia ma ka iapaau ana o adrenal glands. I ka lehulehu o nā saponins ma ginseng kīnā i ka i kā mākou ma luna o hiki i ka makahiki o ka eono mea kanu.

Ke kanawai ma ka mea kanaka kino

Like alkaloids, saponins i ka hopena i kanaka ola. I ka hoonoho iho la ma ka moʻolelo o ka lua a me mucous membranes o ka ihu a me ka maka ae hookaawale lakou i. Anʻoi loa secretion o glands, i kokua kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o mucus, a kokua bronchi. Naʻe, i ka lehulehu o ka saponin i ke kanaka kino i e excessive. Ma keia hihia, he mea ae hookaawale ana i ka naʻau liʻiliʻi a me ka'ōpū. Kaʻawahia 'ole o kēia mau' ona hiki aku ai i ka luaʻi, nausea, pōniuniu a me ka diarrhea.

Saponins e pono keia mau mea me Luna ana i na laau ke kemu koke i loko o ka kanaka kino. Lākou hookoia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea i ho'ākāka 'mea kanu. Ma waho o ka ua oleloia waiwai, ka mea, ke i Anati-ulcer, mehana laxative, adaptogenic, kortikotropny a me diuretic hopena.

maka mea

Kekahi o ka loa pinepine kumu o ka maka mea no ka hoʻokaʻawale o saponins mea Manchurian Aralia. He He meaʻuʻuku a me ka hoʻokēʻai-ulu laau kiekie mai ka 3 a hiki i 6 mau mika. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma superficial aa'ōnaehana a me ka superficially like me ka lāʻau pāma. Ke kanu mea, he pono ole i loko o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina o Rusia, a me Khabarovsk, Primorsky Teritori a me ka Amur Māhele '.

Saponins i loaʻa i loko o nā aʻa o Aralia. A hiki aku ka mea i hoʻohana kaʻohiʻana mea kanu elemakule 5 i 15 makahiki. Aʻa e ohi ai, ma ka Akuma ka 'ole i loko o ka makahiki hou ma mua ua pua i nā lau. Lakou i ka luawai me crowbars a me nā mea kope ahi. A laila, ka maloʻoʻana Ua koi, ua loa pinepine lawe ia mai i loko o kūikawā dryers, ma a ka mahana kīnā 60 ° C. Holopapa ola o ka maka mea, he ekolu makahiki.