Shagal Mark: i pena me ka pôhili. Mark Shagal:ʻike hoʻokumu

I ka 1887, ma 7 o Iulai, Ua hānauʻia ke aʻe honua-papa artist Shagal Mark, nana i pena ma ka 20th kenekulia, kena ae la consternation a me kaʻoliʻoli nā malihini nā hōʻike lehulehu, a hōʻike i pena o ke kaulana avant-garde artist.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka makakū ala

Moishe ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi, kona mau makua mua inoa, i paʻa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Vitebsk. Kona makua kāne hana like me ka loader i ka iʻa market, ka makuwahine mālama haʻahaʻa o ka Aha, kupuna kāne i kekahi cantor i loko o ka Iudaio halehalawai. Ma hope o ua noho mai i ka haipule Iudaio kula Moshe komo i ka gymnasium, eia nae, ua i ae i ka poe Iudaio, e hele Lūkini mau kula ma tsarist Rusia. O ka holo ana, ka mea ua paakiki e aʻo i loko o ka ole kulana home 'ole. Ma hope o këia no kekahi mau makahiki, oia haʻalele kula, a lilo iho la ia i ka hana manawaleʻa ma ka "kula o ka unuhi a me ka pena artist pa." Mau mahina ma hope, Mr. Peng, pepehi tālena ua kanaka opiopio la i kaumaha aku ia ia i ka noa ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana ma ke kula.

Young artist redrew a pau i kona poe hoahanau ma ka huli, laila, hoomaka ae la e pena kiʻi o ka poʻe e noho lā ma Vitebsk. Penei, ma ke akamai honua ae, ikea ao alohilohi i palapala pena Shagal Mark, kona pena e koke mai e kūʻai i ka maikai Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha i loko o ke ao nei. Alia, a he oiaio, ua i hou inoa, a ianoiyuaa a oia invented ia ia iho. Moishe o Mareko, a Chagall - he loli ma Segal, mai ka makua kāne i kapaia.

Northern poʻo

He iwakalua-makahiki Mark hoʻoholo ole, e noho ma kekahi wahi, a hele aku la koke i St. Petersburg, me ka manao e hoʻomau i kona aʻo malaila pena. Ke dala a pau, eia hoi, discriminatory Lūkini moku'āina pilikino E pili i na Iudaio i ia manaʻo. Live ma ka'ākau kapikala ua ma luna o ka ilihune laina, i koena ma ōlaʻi hana. Naʻe, i pauaho a Chagall, oia ua olioli ia ia i loko o ka maelstrom o ka noʻeau ola o St. Petersburg. Ua,ʻo ia i hana i ka pōʻai o ka pono keia mau mea hui 'ana i waena o nā Iudaio kiʻekiʻe hui, a hou hoa hoomaka ae la e kōkua opiopio Artists.

Shagal Mark, kona pena koke i manao like i nāʻelele o ka hou surrealist kaila, ho'āʻo e hoʻomōhala lākou individuality, a i ole hahai i ka nui oluolu canons o ka pena. A, i hoikeia ma hope ola, ana i wae mai i ke ala pololei. I kakahiaka nui na hana o ka artist ua Hahai I ka fantastic poʻe hoʻokalakupua manao a me metaphorical kiʻi. A pau i ka mea i kākau i loko o kēia wā Mark Shagal pena me ka inoa: "Ka Hemolele Family", "Make", "Birth" - i Kuhina Nui examples o ka hana kaila. Ma keia hope kumuhana, i ka helehelena o ke keiki i loko o ke ao nei, lewa i loko o nā hana o Chagall mau manawa, ma kekahi ano. Eia naʻe, ma na hihia a pau, i ka wahine ma ka hana i kākauʻia, he kumu, i mea emi ai i ka waiwai o ka mea 'ē aʻe huapalapala, na kauwa, kao, lio i puni. Naʻe, i kēia mea i ka kŰia o ke akamai ma Marc Chagall, oia ua hiki i ka hooponopono i ka microscopic lāliʻi ai ia mea, hoomaka koke e Kīwala'ō i ka ahakanaka. Luhi hou makuahine a me ka palekeiki i ke keiki i loko o kona mau lima i loko o kekahi incomprehensible obyurazom lilo i ka piko o ke kiʻi.

Familiarity me Lvom Bakstom

Oiai ma St. Petersburg, Shagal Mark, nona pena ua o Laielohelohe e māhuahua noonoo naita ma lehulehu, ae hoomau ana i kona mau haʻawina i loko o kekahi kula a wahi uku o nā mea noʻeau, Seidenberg ana ae hana i na mea hana i loko o ka Iudaio Magazine "Sunrise" e hoolako i ko lakou mau ai. Ma hope, halawai mai la ia me Lvom Bakstom, Zvantseva kumu o ke kula, a pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana kuleana i loko o ka hopena o ka artist. Chagall pū kekahi i hele haʻi'ōlelo pena Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, a o Laielohelohe ia ia me he kanaka koa o na mea a pau hou i loko o ke akamai.

Ma ke kupulau o 1910 ma ka Debut o Marc Chagall - kona i pena i komo i loko o ka puka lā, a ua hoonohonoho no me ka luna hoʻoponopono "Apollo". Koke ma mua o kēia hanana i ka artist halawai me ka wahine o kona ola ana, Bella Rosenfeld. Love wawahi mai ma waena o ia koke, a me ka hauʻoli manawa ana i mau a hiki i ka lā i ka wa opiopio kanaka loaa i mareia, a hoomaka ae la e noho pu ana. I ka 1916 i ka hui i ke kaikamahine i ka inoa o Ida.

Neʻe maila i Paris

I ke kauwela o 1910 ke kiaaina Maxim Vinaver, philanthropist, a me ka nui peahi o ka palaoa kilokilo, Chagall kaumaha aku i ka hoʻonaʻauao i i ka mea i hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma Palika. Ke kapikala o Farani halawai Mark affably, la oia i mau hoaaloha me ka pena Ehrenburg, a me kona mau kōkua i kekahi o Nuioka ma loko o Montparnasse me. Chagall palapala iho la i ka po, a ma ka lā ua nalowale i loko o nā keʻena ma luna, salons a me nā hōʻike, o ke kemu a pau i ka mea i pili ia me ke akamai nui o ka pena.

Ua lilo Masters o ka kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia i laʻana no ka mea'ōpiopio artist. Great Cezanne, van Gogh, Pol Gogen, Delacroix - kela mea keia mea o lakou a hoihoi Chagall UOAAaOON e aʻo i kekahi mea no lakou iho. Kona mentor ma St. Petersburg, Lev Bakst, i kekahi manawa, e nana ana i ka Parisian pena o kāna haumāna,'ī maila, hooiaio ae i "manawa nā waihoʻoluʻu a pau ka himeni." Pena e Marc Chagall, he Hawaii photo o i i hōʻike mai iā ia ma kaʻaoʻao, kou kumu kākoʻo loa.

makakū puʻuhonua,

Chagall neʻe koke i loko o "Ka Hive", heʻano o Parisian arttsentr, a lilo iho la ia i ka awa no ka poe ilihune kipa Artists. Here, halawai Mark me nā haku mele, kākau moʻolelo, Artists a me nā bohemians o ka Palani kulanakauhale alii. A pau ia mau hana ana i palapala iho ai i loko o ka "Hive" Mark Shagal (pena i inoa: "Fiddler," "o Kalevari", "Dedication i kaʻu wahine", "View o Paris, mai ka puka aniani"), lilo iho la ia i kona "kahea kāleka". Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i ka piha kaʻaluna me ka Parisian noʻeau 'ia, i ka artist aʻole i poina e pili ana i kona hanau Vitebsk, a me ka pena: "Sold holoholona", "au, a me ka Village", "'ūpā koli".

i kakahiaka nui Hana Hou

Kekahi o ka loa Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou i pena o "window. Vitebsk", kākau i loko o ka kaila o "naʻaupō nō" a me "primitivism", i ukali ma ke kakahiaka wā o kona hana Mark Shagal. "Window. Vitebsk" Ua hanaia i ka makahiki 1908 i ka wa o ka artist i wale e hoomaka ana e aʻo i ke akamai o ka "primitive kaila".

Ma makahiki pono i kekahi mau lilo ma Paris, kakau iho la Mark Shagal ma kahi o kanakolu pena, a oi aku 150 watercolors. i ka hana a pau ana i hookuke aku ai i Pelelina no ka oe exhibition i ka 1914, a lilo iho la ia i kona papa kuhikuhiE pomaikai hana i loko o ke akamai honua. Ka hoolohe ana i makemake mai e na pena o Chagall. Pelelina artist Ua hele, e hele aku i kona mau kanaka maoli Vitebsk e ike Bella, akā, hooki i ka ulia hookahi o ka First World War.

Ka houʻana o ka artist

Mark Zaharovich Shagal, nona pena ua lilo lohe nuiʻia, i hookuu ia mai ka oihana koa kikoo. Friends kōkua kiʻi i kekahi wahi i loko o ka oihana koa-hanalima Oihana o St. Petersburg, a no kekahi manawa i hoomakaukau i ka artist me ka hale a me ka hana. Chagall pena i loko o kēia mau māpuna wa, he pakahi aku la ia hana-piha a me kaʻoia iʻo. "War", "Window i ke kula", "ʻahaʻaina kauhalelewa", "Red Iudaio" - e he mau o ka pena, a i hanaiaʻi i ka mea kaua. artist kaawale lyrical moʻo o ka pena i hana, "Walk", "Pink Tricks", "lā piha makahiki", "Bella keʻokeʻo pūliki koa". Mau i pena ho i wale i ka hapa uuku wale no o ka nui moʻo o kana mau hana o ka First World War.

"Walk"

Kekahi o na hana kaulana o ka artist,ʻo ia i hana i ka 1918. Post-hoʻokahuli aupuni olelo la, ma kahi kaʻawale, ma o ka huali wā e hiki mai, ka Awaits o'ōpiopio ke aloha - a pau keia i ka lewa ma luna o ka canvas. Poho, ma ka hou nohona aiee o ka 'Aha o ka aina i ole i hiki aku, naʻe ka mea, ua pono a puni ke kihi. Aka hoi, kekahi o ka poe hahai loa malama pono o na ideals hou o ia manawa i ka artist Mark Shagal. "Walk" - ke kiʻi Ua optimistic, piha ka huali manaolana, na huapalapala mea i manao e pili ana i ka io. Ka wahine depicted ma ka canvas, lana ma luna aku o ka lanakila, ke kanaka opiopio, he, mea mākaukau e hele aku i ka lepo.

Chagall ka hana o 1917-1918

Artist, ho'āla aʻela i nā hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni ma Petrograd. He, e like he nui loa i loko o ka'ākau kapikala o ka intelligentsia, manaʻo, he hou ka makani o ka loli a me ka manaoio aku i loko o kā lākou infallibility. Petersburg Artists, kākau moʻolelo, i ka haku mele i e paipai i ka houʻaoʻao o ke ola, a me kekahi o ka mea mua i loko o nā kahua o nā enthusiasts i ke kahea no ka like ana o nā kanaka, ua Mark Shagal. Pena "Maluna o ka City," "Kaua o ka pā kaua - ke ao nei pupupu" a he nui 'ē aʻe pena o kēia wā noonoo i ka makemake o ka artist, e ho okumu ana.

Bella a me ka pōkē pua o ka pua

A kūikawā wahi i loko o ka artist i ka pena hoʻolaʻa ai i kana mea i aloha wahine, i kekahi manawa, lawe aku la ia i ka pōkē pua o ka pua, e hoʻoaloha iā ia i hoomakaukau. Me losing o ka lua, holo kiki i ka easel. Hoopa iho la i ka Kora naʻEsau, i ka artist ho'āʻo e hoʻopio i ka maikai minute ma canvas. Kēia i nā mea a pau Mark Shagal. "Lā piha makahiki" - he kiʻi hanaia i loko o ka mea o minuke i loko o ka palapala o ka sketch, a laila Hoʻololi '. Ua lilo kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ka ohi ana o ka artist. E like me ia i koi, i ka hoʻoulu manaʻo hele mai ana no kekahi mau minuke, ia mea nui,ʻaʻole ia e hala.

kuleana kulana

I ka 1918, Mark Zaharovich Shagal, nona pena i ua manaoia ka waiwai o Vitebsk'āina a pau, ka mea, ua ae no ka Arts o ka kūloko hooko kōmike. Ke artist hōʻike poʻokelaʻaha hui nā mākau, oia hoʻonaniʻia Vitebsk i ka lā o ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, heʻano o ka hae, a me lepa hae. "Art i na nā paʻi hua!" - i ka ua i kona slogan.

I ka 1920, Mark Shagal neʻe i Moscow pu me Bella a me ka uuku Ida, kahi i lilo ai ka hana ana ma ke kahua o ka hale kiaka kaiāulu. Ma ka maʻamau papa o ka hana, e ho okumu i nā mea hoʻonani nānā 'kona makakū epekema no Chagall hana ma ke kumu, ho'āʻo ana e hele kokoke i "hoʻokahuli aupuni" hou kaila o ka pena. Party Aupuni i ho'āʻo mau, e lawe mai i ka artist i konaʻaoʻao, akā, me Chagall i ua ike i ka honua-papa haku o ka palaki, keia mau hoao ana i lanakila.

kū'ē

Hoʻopilikia ma waena o ke ku okoa ana-puni artist a me Communist alakaʻi, koke huli i hamama confrontation, a me Mark Shagal Soviets haʻalele i ke aupuni a me kona ohana.

Pelelina lilo ka mua Europa kulanakauhale, i noho Marc, Bella a me Ida. hoao mai ana Artist e kiʻi i ke kālā no ka exhibition i ka 1914 a hiki i ka mea ole, ka hapanui o na pena nalowale. Chagall hoi i pena wale ekolu akā, he kakini watercolors.

I ke kauwela o 1923, Mark loaa i ka palapala mai Paris a hiki i kona wa hoa, owai la ka'āuna aku la ia ia e hele mai i ka Palani kapikala. Chagall ua hiki mai, a ma laila ka mea, ua kali no kekahi poho - nā kiʻi i ia i hookahi i koe ma ka "Hive" i nalowale. Naʻe, i ka artist aole lilo i ka naʻau,ʻo ia i hoʻomaka e hou-kākau lākou masterpieces. Eia hou kekahi, Mark Shagal loaa ana i kaumaha aku mai ka nui hoʻopuka no ka hōʻikeʻana puke. He hoʻomaka me ka puke "make ula" ma Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya a hemolele Makuakane me ka hana.

Family huakaʻi

Ka uku o Chagall ua hooikaikaia, aʻo ia, a me kona ohana hoʻomaka e hele iʻEulopa'āina. A i waena o keia holo ana, kakau iho la oia i ka artist kona make ole i pena, a e lilo ana i māmā a me ka māmā, "menina Makuahine", "Ida ma ka puka aniani," "Life mea he kauhale." Ma waho aʻeo ia i pena, Chagall hana i ka hōʻikeʻana o ka puke "La Fontaine ka ma na olelo lapuwale."

I ka 1931, Mark Shagal kipa Palesetina, oia manao e 'ike i ka'āina o ko lākou mau kūpuna. A mau mahina, a ke artist i loko o ka 'Äina Hemolele, i puʻe wale e hoʻololi i kona e pili ana i ke ola. Bella a me ke kaikamahine a Ida ka, ka mea ua kokoke, nui keia. Back ma Paris, Chagall mea hopohopo wale me ka Mea Paipala ki io.

E neʻe ana i Amerika

Ma ka hopena o ke kanakolu, hee ana i ka Kelemānia Nazis, Chagall kaʻohana emigrated i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. A me kekahi manawa hou - hana me ka moʻolelo keaka waleʻikena, i kēia manawa i loko o Lūkini Ballet. Igor Stravinsky laila, haʻaleleʻana i ka hana o Chagall a me Picasso hōʻalo sketches, ke kahua costumes akā, ua, ua lawe ke kilo o Mareko.

Ke kaua ma Europe i ka piha kowali, naʻe ka mea, ua ike i ka Apana Reich ana ua hee o. Ma ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1944, ke hele mai i ka euanelio - Hitler ma ka verge o ka hoihoi. Akā, ma ka hopena o August, Marc Chagall ka loaa ana o ka hewa, i ka haukapila koke make o sepsis Bella. Ke artist haalele i ke ano o ke ola me ke kaumaha, aka, ia Kākoʻo a kōkua i ke ola makou mahope o kaikamahine Ida. Wale eiwa mahina hope Chagall lawe i loko o ka lima. Ano, loaa ia i ke ola i loko o ka hana pena lā a me ka po. Creative impulses o ka artist kōkua iā ia ola mahope aku o ka poho o ka oi.