Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, Lūkini sculptor: Kawaihae, hana

I ke ao nei e hiki ke 'imi nui hoʻopunipuni mea e, heʻe piʻoloke ihola ole wale me kā lākou grandeur, anaiia laina, akā, i kōkua i ka kumumea i ke kūpono' ana o ke akamai o ke kiʻi kaula ma ka makahiki. Akā, He aha e mākouʻike e pili ana i na kanaka e hana i kēia mau kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a kau aku i kekahi hapa o kona uhane i loko o ka punahele mea?

Ma keia 'atikala mākou keia iloko o ka luawai-ike Lūkini sculptor. Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich - i ia mea, i ke ano o na makana i hiki i ke akamai ao nei, a me ka mea hana i kaulana?

Kawaihae

hanau AM Opekushin November 28, 1838 (e like me nā kumu i loko o ka makahiki 1833) i loko o kekahi mea uuku kauhale Svechkino Volga (Yaroslavl'āina a pau). He hele mai, mai ke kua'āina ohana. Kona makua kāne i kekahi serf o ka landowner Ekateriny Olhinoy, mākaukau modelers ka hoʻoponopono-ao mai la.

No ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi Opekushin hoike noʻeau talena a me kaʻaiʻana, e hele mai ana i ka poe noonoo ole kua'āina pilikia no Turtle. He ana puka 'o ia mai ke kula kauhale. ka mea, ua ma luna o ke keiki i ka poʻe kālena i mea paakiki ole e hoʻolohe, no laila, i ka makua kāne o pinepine i wahi olelo kaʻu wahine i loko o St. Petersburg, au manao e hoouna aku i ke keiki, e aʻo. Ua loaa i ka 'ae' ana o E. Olkhin, ui Opekushin ma ka makahiki o ka 12, hele e kākau inoa i loko o ka School o kokoke ia o ka imperial Society no ka oluolu o Artists.

ho okumu

Education ma St. Petersburg ua maʻalahi. A me kahi o nā makahikiʻekolu,ʻo ia malaila wale elua. AM Opekushin hōʻike uncommon nā mea hiki i kā lākou mau haʻawina, a ua loaa na naau o ua luawai-ikeia Artists a me Kumu. Kekahi o ia ua Denemaka sculptor David Jensen. Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ke kakau Kula, oia kono i kona o Nuioka ma Opekushin like volnoprihodyaschego modelers.

E möakäka hou ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka 'oihana no ka mea'ōpiopio sculptor ua hiki ole, mahope mai o ka palapala ana i ua no he serf. E hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia Opekushin pono ai i ke kala no ka uku - 500 rubles. No keia hopena, oia hana ikaika, hoʻopau nā kauoha a me ka loaa ana i kekahi uku.

Ikaika mea naʻau stress, ke aʻo 'ana i kela la, ana hiamoe deprivation a me ka undernourishment me ka nui loa hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia Opekushin kino, a haule iho la oia maʻi. Wale nō e mālama hoa o ke kula kēia, a me ka poe hou makahiki kokua mai i ka lanakila i ka maʻi. A ma ka MH 1859, ka mea i kakauinoaia Opekushin mau mekala. Ano ka mea, ua noa, a hiki hoʻomau i ka makakū alanui, pehea a ma kona makemake.

New aku la o Alama mater i ka imperial Halau o Arts. Ma ia laua, i ka bipi keiki modeller hoʻomau i ka hele i ka Workshop Jensen a me ka paakiki lanakila inoa o kekahi o kaʻoi Lūkini sculptors.

ohana

I ka 1861, Alexander mare. Eia naʻe, na kumu i ole haawiia pololei 'ike e pili ana i kana wahine a me na keiki. Ua ua wale ike ia Opekushin i he nui ohana, mau kaikamahine. Kōkua malama ia ia i kekahi mau makahiki, mai ka hanaiia'na mai o Nani Loa sculptures.

Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich ua he nui iho la ia kanaka haipule, a me ka staunch monarchist. Kana hana a ua mahalo manaʻo i loko o ka imperial ohana. Iloko o ka paakiki wā i loko o ka ohana Lūkini i ke kaulana Lūkini sculptor e nonoi ana a me ka starving. Ka lehulehu e uku, koi aʻelaʻo ia mai hoʻokahuli aupuni St. Petersburg (laila Petrograd) ma o kona hanau mokuna Opekushin. Hope Rybnitsa la ka hale i ka noa ana. Alexander i loko o kona wa elemakule, a ua hou komo i loko o punahele oihana. Eia naʻe, no ka People ka Commissariat kaukahi, no na mai no kona ohana KU¯ rations.

I ka 1923 Opekushin hopu pneumonia, a make iho la. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka ua Rybnitsa kauhale, e hiki mai ana i ka Ekalesia o ka mea e ola ai, a i bapetizoia iho la. Kekahi hapa keneturia ma hope, i ka sculptor ka lua kupapaʻu,ʻikeʻia uku tombstone. A i ka 2012, he ike ole admirer Opekushin anao? Aou i ke kālā no ka māpala tombstone me ka palapalaia maluna penei: "Ka nui sculptors o ka mahalo pua."

koke 'oihana

E hana Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich me he artist a me ka modeler hoʻomaka i kakahiaka nui. Ma ka makahiki o ka 17, oia i hana mai i ka inoa maikaʻi o ka loea haku. Naʻe, ka popoiwi wahi i loko o ka hopena o kona mau lilo i 1862. Bas-kokua ia "poe anela, hai mai i na kahu hipa Christmas" i kekahi ano o ka hoʻomaka wahi no ke akamai nui i ka mea opiopio sculptor.

Koke aku la ia i hoʻomaopopoʻoleʻia e kekahi artist kaulana Mikhail Mikeshin, a kaumaha aku i ka lawe 'ana i loko o ka hanaia'na o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o Novgorod "Ka Wā Kaukani o Rusia" - he nui-me ka unahiʻole pāhana i ka manawa. O ka holo ana, ke alu like me Mikeshin i ka hopena nui ma Opekushin. Naʻe, i ka mea ia manawa mea kaupaona sculptor. Style o ka mea opiopio sculptor Ua pili kēia i hanaʻia ma lalo o ka aoao a me kaʻike hoʻokumu o Lūkini Ouji sculptor Mark Antokolsky, ma ka nui, kona mau kii Ivana Groznogo a me Peter I.

hana

I loko o ka 'oihana holoʻokoʻa Opekushin i hana mai i kekahi mau kakini masterpieces. No kekahi o ia Lūkini sculptor loaa hoʻolilo 'ia' a me ka pôhili. Akā, Eia naʻe, nui o na kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka huki ia iloko o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni wā. Oia, no ka laʻana, ua lilo ia i kia hoʻomanaʻo no Alexander II. Ua Ua wehe i ka 1898. Ke keleawe kia ku ma ka hema o ka Kremlin paia.

He ākea kaulana lawe mai Opekushin hana nō ia ma ka World Exhibition ma Palika. O ka lolouila alualu pa, oia no depicting mōʻaukala, e hoohuli, i ka i ana ma o ka haku kŘkohu.

He mea hiki ole ke hoole i ka luku nui na makana i ai i ke ana o ko Lūkini a me ka honua kiʻi kaula Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Kona sculptures i noʻonoʻo, haʻahaʻa-ki, akā, i ka mea ia manawa ke halawai pilikino kaila o ka hana ana. Ka papa inoa o nā hana nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka haku mele kaulana LIKE Pushkin a MY Lermontov, naturalist Karl av Baer a me Adimarala Greig, he bust o Countess Shuvalov a me Tsesarevicha Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha.

Hope, aka, kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka sculptorʻike hoʻokumu ua ike like emi holomua a me ka expressive. No ka laʻana, he kia hoʻomanaʻo i Emperor Alexander III i ole loa kaena mahalo ma o kona wā.

Kia hoʻomanaʻo o Peter I

Opekushin nanea hana ana me ke kiʻi sculptures o kaulana mōʻaukala huahelu. Pakahi aku la iaʻana i kāna hana a pau a hiki i Peter I. Ka kiʻi depicts ke alii e noho ana ma luna o ka noho ma konaʻaʻahu a me nā kamaʻa puki.

Sculptor amazingly kauoha aku e hoʻopio i ka impulsiveness, a me ka ka hoʻoneʻe o keʻano me Petr Veliky. Eia naʻe, e like me ka ua i mai la, ia mea,ʻaʻole ka mea wale iconic masterpiece, hanaia ma ke kupua.

Ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Pushkin

Kekahi o ka loa nui hana i i hana Opekushin - Pushkin kia. No ka mea, o kona hanaia'na o ka sculptor hoomaka ana i ka makahiki 1872, ua hoʻohiolo i ka mea'ē aʻe, i ke kumuhana. Lōʻihi makahiki ekolu ia i ke kūkulu i kekahi sketch o ke kia. No keia hopena, e aʻo aku ma mua o ke kakini kiʻi o ka haku mele, a me kona hana i ka haku a pau. Ma hope o Opekushin candidacy apono ia i ka 1875, hoomaka ae la oia e sketch i ka manaʻo. Nā kōkua i sculptor kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone I. Bogomolov.

Wale elima makahiki ma hope, ua pau i ka hana a pau. A me June 6, 1880 ma Tverskoy Boulevard ma Moscow i kauoha aku wehe kia i ka nui Lūkini haku mele LIKE Pushkin. Ke keleawe kia e pii ai majestically ma luna o ka pedestal, a kena koke ae la he ākea pīhoihoi i waena o ka townspeople.

A me keia la i ka Lūkini haku mele i loko o ka keleawe manao thoughtfully ku nei ma kekahi o na kumu nui alanui o ke kulanakauhale alii i loko o ka leo hone kapa, ma a he akea-kapa aahu. Ma kona kulana ikeia nanea ana o ka naau. Hōʻemi iki k'ki io o ka poo maka a me ka hoike i ka ulu ana o Pushkin a me ka hanohano nui.

Sam Opekushin Pushkin kia ua manaoia kekahi o ka loa kaumaha a me ka pīhoihoi hana, i ka manaʻo o ka mea ia i ua hoʻopuka kālā,ʻaʻole wale nō kā lākou manawa a me ke kākoʻo 'ana, akā, i kekahi hapa o kona uhane, i ke aloha o ka poetic nō.

hē Lermontov

I ka 1889, oia kakau ai i ka haku o kekahi kaulana Lūkini haku mele, a kukulu ia i kia hoʻomanaʻo i Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk. Kona haku mele 'ana ua hapa pio a me ka palapala kahi e pau ole o ka ulu a me ka manaʻo o ka haku mele - ka Caucasus.

Ke huli nei ma ka monumental Lermontov, me kaʻikeʻole hopu iho a manao ana o ka haku mele ma hope o kekahi e hele ana, a noho iho ma luna o ka pōhaku, me kona poo, me ka mahalo aku i ka hau-keʻokeʻo papale o na kuahiwi. Kona mau maka, kāheaʻia hohonu ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻoulu. Kekahi mau kânaka kiʻi kaula manaʻo i ke kia o ka haku mele Lermontov depicted muli o kona kulana kaumaha a me kaʻino, a meʻoiʻoi hiʻona. I ia manawa, e like me nā kiʻi o kona kamailio hou no palupalu. Naʻe, ka mea, o ka hanaia'na o ka artist i loko o kekahi ano kanaka a me ka pokole, a haʻalele kāhiko o ke kulanakauhale.

Kapaau o Muraviev-Amur

Ua nui loa ka nui i loko o ka hana o ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni Rusia, a ma na hana Opekushin (16 mika kiʻekiʻe) Ua lilo i kia hoʻomanaʻo, e helu Muraviev-Amur - ke kiaaina o Hawaiian Siberia. Ma hope o kona make ana i ka makahiki 1881, Emperor Alexander III hoʻoholo ihola e memorialize He kokekau wale. No laila, i ka 1886, ua kūkala i ka Competition no sculptors. Mawaena o lakou i no hoi he "gula Trio" Mikeshin, Antokolsky a me Opekushin.

Project Alexander ka 'ike e like me ka mea e pono ai. Bookmark ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i wahi i ka 1888, a ekolu makahiki ma hope ka mea i kauoha aku weheia ma Khabarovsk, a hoʻouka kekahi ma ka Khabarovsk pali. Kii huina kū ma luna o ka podium, i kuhikuhi i kona mau maka i China. Ke pedestal Ua hoʻonaniʻia me elima paipai manaʻo plaques me na inoa o na ilamuku a me civilians i 'Imi komo i loko o ka ka piʻiʻana i ka Amur māhele o Rusia. Eia naʻe, i loko o ka makahiki 1925, ma ka pili 'o Randy me ka "manao paa ma na kia hoʻomanaʻo i," i lawe i ke kia ia, a hoonoho iho la ia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, a me ka hope, e oki no ka hamoʻia.

Nani Loa kiʻi kaula

A kūikawā wahi i loko o nā hana o Nani Loa kiʻi kaula Opekushin noho. Ka mea, ua iho la ka mea i ka mea o kona mau manao, a me ka hana hou nui kumu o ka makahiki. He mahalo i kona Alexander ma ka manawa'ōpio wale nō i 'ike me ka loea modelers.

akamai hooko o bas-ke kanaaho a me na kii no ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Ana II ma St. Petersburg kaulana ehiku ma hope o Ua aoia mai no ia e hoopuka Opekushin Royal puka no ka iconostasis i loko o ka Hale Pule Nui o ke alahou ana. A Makuakane la oia me ia masterfully.

ʻoia iʻo hoʻokokoke me ka maalea manaʻo o ke kanaka kāna moʻolelo ka malama i kiʻi busts, a pau i hanaiaʻi e ka sculptor. Ma nā kuleana kope hana o Nani Loa nō sculptures Ua kuapo i ka noʻeau expressiveness o nā kiʻi a me ka hiehie, pahee laina.

Awards a me nā kuleana

• Oiai këia ma ka imperial Halau o Arts Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich loaa i kona ia nā kumu kāki mua - he mekala kâlâ keʻokeʻo - no ka hana maikai o ka bas-kokua ma ka Mea Paipala theme like.
• I ka 1864, no na sketches o nā kiʻi "Belisarius" a me ka "Cupid, a Psyche" sculptor i hoʻopiʻi 'neklassnogo artist. Five makahiki ma hopeʻo ia i hoʻopiʻi 'ana i keia ano a hiki i ka papa artist o 2 degere, a ma hope loaa i ka 1 loa.
• Ka loa nui e piʻi like i ka inoa o ka academician, a Opekushin i kumu kāki i loko o ka makahiki 1872. Imperial Halau o Nice Arts me ia i loko o kahi no o kona kālaiʻike e piʻi like a me ka nui moku'āina-waihona hana: he bust o ka Crown Aliʻi, a me ka kiʻi Petra Velikogo.
• I ka hookahi makahiki, i i hookoia Alexander Mikhailovich Society o Naturalists i kekahi mekala gula i ka helu o ke poʻomanaʻo hana.
• Opekushin lanakila lakou ma o ka lahui kiʻekiʻe. Kekahi o ka loa poʻokela e piʻi like i ka mua ia nā kumu kāki, loaa e ia i loko o Estonia, Tartu (laila Dorpat) no ka hanaia'na o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Karl Baer. Opekushin par me ka Competition i hele e sculptors mai Europa a me Amerika.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

• I ka makahiki 1978, ma ka hoomanao ana i ka sculptor (kona 140th lā hoʻomanaʻo) Ua hoʻokuʻu pictorial (noʻeau) wahī me kona kiʻi ma luna o ka obverse.
• I ka makahiki 1986, astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh loaa asteroid, a ua kapaia ma hope o ka Lūkini sculptor.
• Mai ka makahiki 1993, poʻokela moʻomeheu na kii a hooku iho la keia makahiki Yaroslavl waiwai pio nona ka inoaʻo Opekushin.
• I ka 2013, ua paʻi i ka puke Olgi Davydovoy e pili ana i ke ola a me ka hana ana o ka sculptor. Ma ke ala, i ka mea kākau pinepine ae la oia i paʻi pepa (essay) e pili ana i Opekushin. Kēia puke no hoi kekahi mau i ka hōʻike o ka loa nui manawa o ke ola a me ka hana ana o na haku nui. E ho okumu i ka mea i aneane 30 makahiki. A me ke kumu no ka puke i mālama pono mau lā: na 175th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka hānau Opekushin (e like me nā kumu, i hanauia ma ka makahiki 1833), a me ka 90th lā hoʻomanaʻo o kona make ana.

PS

Ke kumu hoohalike hōʻike i ka honua Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, i kona Kawaihae, a piʻi like ma na mea akamai - He oiaio he mama o ka serf. He ua kekahi o ka mea mua, e hele ku e aku i ka nohona'ōnaehana, a hoao iho la ia i kekahi nohona haʻahaʻa a me kekahi 'ē aʻe kapu mai i ole i kekahi kanaka, mai hana i ka mea e aloha aku, a nāna hoʻi i hana i kekahi mea maikai, a mau loa aku e waiho i ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana o ia iho ma luna o kēia Honua. A e ka Lūkini sculptor ma hope o ka hoolea ana a me ka lehulehu inoa poina no kekahi mau makahiki, kiʻiʻoniʻoni manaʻo he kumumea o ia i loko o ka monumental a me ka sculptural oe uniquely hohonu, a i ole iaiyoe mokuna o lākou.