Silikone (Nine Inch hehee ai) waiwai ano haʻilula. Silikone puka moʻolelo

He nui kēiaʻanoʻenehana manaʻo a me nā apparatuses i ua hana ai ma muli o ia i ke kūlana waiwai o ka waiwai i loaʻa ma ka ano. Kanaka a pau ma ka experimentation a me ka akahele study o na kumu mua i puni iā mākou mau hōʻano hou kona mau hana mea hou i hana muaʻole - Ua kapaʻia kēia kaʻinaʻanoʻenehana holo nei. Ua Ua nānā 'ana i na mea, ole i ka mea a pau i na mea i puni iā mākou i loko o maʻamau o ke ola. No ka laʻana, ke one, ka mea hiki e kahaha ko oukou naau a me ka hana? ua hiki ke kaʻawale ia, mai ka silikoneʻepekema, - he Nine Inch hehee ai, me ka i koe ole he kamepiula lako a pan. Kona kahua o ka palapala noi mea like, a ua mau hoʻonui. Keia ua loaʻa ma ke kūlana waiwai o ka silikone'Ātoma, kona 'ole a me ka manawa kūpono o ka poe noonoo ole i huiʻia me nā waiwai.

hiʻona

Ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana, ? Ac? D. I. Mendeleevym, silikone (Nine Inch hehee ai) hōʻikeʻia hoʻi ka hōʻailona Si. Ua pili ia i ka ole-ke hooheheeia, ua aia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhi o ka ha o ka pūʻulu o ke kolu o ka wā, i ka'ātoma helu 14. kona koke i ka kalapona mea ole accidental: ma na mea he nui o ko lākou waiwai i like. 'Aʻole i loaʻa ma ke ano maoli i loko o ke gula ano, e like me kaʻeleu hehee ai, a i ka lawa ka ikaika o hoopaa me ka oxygen. Base mea - ka silica i, i mea he'okesaside, a me silicates (one). A pau keia silikone (kona ano maoli hui) o kekahi o ka loa, he pono ole Nine Inch oihana mua o ke ao nei. Mass hapa iki maʻiʻo o ia mea alua wale no o oxygen (oi ma mua o 28%). Ka luna pńpa, ahu iho he silikone dioxide i loko o ka palapala (keia pōaka), acee? Iuo oeiia o clays a me ke one. Ka lua o ka loa e like me ka pūʻulu ua i mai o kona silicates. Ma ka hohonu o ka ma kahi o 35 ei, mai ka 'ilikai papa i hoonohonoho māpala a me ka pōhakuʻalā hoʻokomo kālā, i nā silikone i huiʻia. Ka pakeneka maʻiʻo o ka honua i ka kāna mau 'ōlelo nei i kii mai ia manawa, akā, hea ka mea me ka ili honua papa o ke kapa (i ka 900 km) hoʻohui pū silicates. I ka haku mele 'ana o ke kai silikone lehulehu o 3 mg / l, I Helu lepo 40% ninoieo o ka hui. Cosmos, a kanaka a pau i ka lā i hookolokolo aku la ia i kakauiaʻi keia Nine Inch hehee ai i ka nui mea. No ka laʻana, spectral Ka Ikepili o meteorites, a hoʻokokoke mai ka honua i ka mamao i ka mea i loaʻa i ka noiʻi, ua hoike ia ka mea, he poe 20% o ka silikone. Aia He He manawa kūpono o ka ho okumu ana o ke ola ma luna o ka muli o kēia hehee ai i loko o kā mākou Wiliau Hōkū.

noiʻi kaʻina

Mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o ka Nine Inch hehee ai silikone loaʻa paha kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. He nui 'ona, systematized Mendeleev, hoʻohanaʻia kanaka no kenekulia. A, na kumu mua i loko o ka palapala maoli, i .e. i ka hui i i ole ua chemicallyʻia, a uaʻikeʻoleʻia ua lākou waiwai a pau i kanaka. Ma ke kaʻina hana o këia i nā hiʻona o ka waiwai, ua ikea hou hoʻohana. Nā waiwai o ka silikone i ka lā i ole, ua aʻo a hiki i ka hopena - keia hehee ai ka nui kūpono ka laula, a me nā huahelu o ka palapala noi waiho lumi no hou discoveries no ka hanauna e hiki mai ana i kānakaʻepekema. enehana Hoikehonua, e me ka nui loa hōʻeleu i keia kaʻina. Ma ka XIX kenekulia, he nui kaulana chemists i ua ho'āʻo ana e kiʻi i ka silikone maemae. No ka mea manawa mua ka mea, ua hiki no e Tenaru L. a me J. Māhū-Lussac i ka 1811, akā, no ka loaʻa o ka hehee ai i like ai ia J. Berzelius, ka mea i hiki ke kuhikuhi i ole wale i ka waiwai a pau, akā, no hoi, e wehewehe ia. Chemist mai Kuekene loaa silikone i ka makahiki 1823, no keia mea, hoʻohana mea hao potasiuma a me ka potasiuma paakai. Ke naoh i wahi ma ka hōʻeleu i loko o ka palapala o ka wela. Ke kūpono na mea waiwai poʻohina-eleele kala like 'ole o ka amorphous silikone. He aniani maemae hehee ai i loaa i ka 1855 Sainte-Kler Devilem. Na ka manaʻo pohihihi Ua pololei e pili pū ana i ka auaaeaiea o ke kiʻekiʻe ikaika'ātoma paa. Ma nā hihia, ua kuhikuhi ka Nine Inch naoh i ke kaʻina hana o ka huikala mai impurities, ka amorphous a me ka mea pōaka Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i waiwai.

Silikone: Nine Inch hehee ai ka puana

Ua manaoia e Berzelius - Ka inoa mua o ka kūpono ai ka pauka - Kizel. Ma ka United Kingdom, a me ka Amerika Huipuia silikone a me keia la i haawi ia i like silikone (Silicium) a me ka mea pīlali (silikone). Ka manawa loaa mai i ka Roma hua'ōlelo "paea" ( 'ole "pohaku"), a ma ka hapanui hihia ka mea, ua nakinakiʻia i ka manaʻo "honua" ma muli i ke akea hoolaha aku ma ke ano. Russian ka puana o ka Nine Inch mea okoa, ka mea a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kumu. He Ua kapaia ka silica i (Zakharov noi i ka manawa i ka 1810), Sicily (1824, Dvigubsky, Solovyov), ka silica i (1825, makau), a me wale i ka 1834, ka Lūkini chemist Kelemānia Ivanovich Gess hoʻolauna iā 'he inoa ia a hiki i kēia manawa i hoʻohana ka hapanui o kahi e hōʻike '- silikone. Ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika Mendeleyev System oia i koho hōʻailona Si. Pehea e heluhelu i ka Nine Inch hehee ai silikone? He nui haumana o English-olelo ana'āina olelo ai i kona inoa me "B" a hoʻohana i ka hua'ōlelo "mea pīlali". Nolaila i ka inoa honua-kaulana o ke awawa, a mea i ka noiʻi a me ka manufacturing o nā lako e anuu. Russian-olelo heluna pili i ka silikone hehee ai (mai ka Helene hua'ōlelo "pali Mountain").

I ma ka maoli: kula

Holoʻokoʻa mauna nenoai haku o ka silikone i huiʻia, i ua ole i loaʻa i loko o ka palapala maemae, no ka mea, a pau ikeia nā minelala hao i dioxide mai ka wai a me silicates (aluminosilicates). Ke kupaianaha nani o na pohaku i hoʻohanaʻia e kanaka me he ornamental mea - ia Opal, ametuseto, pōaka type, iasepi, kalekedona, heʻula, pōhaku aniani, carnelian, a he nui na mea e ae. Ka mea i hanaʻia ma muli o ai i ka hanana o ka likeʻole silikone i huiʻia a hoʻoholo i ka paʻapū, me nā hale, waihoʻoluʻu a me ka olelo o ka pono. E nānā'okanikaʻole honua hiki ke pili me ka ia Nine Inch hehee ai, ma i ka hoʻolilo 'ia' ano apau loa ikaika makaukau na kaula paa a me ke hooheheeia 'ole ke hooheheeia (kiniki, makanekiuma, kalipuna, manganese, titanium, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). By e like me nā waiwai, silikone 'ano hiki wawe ka ole no ka pōʻalo ma hanalima me ka unahiʻole: ka mea, ua loaʻa i loko o ka hapanui ano o na mea e hooheheeia, a nā minelala hao. Nolaila, e ua hoʻopili 'Imi au i koʻu hoʻokomo kālā i ka loa affordable kumu o ka ikehu ma mua a hiki i ka ia kenekoa he mau huhui o ka mea. Quartzites a pōaka one i loaʻa i loko o nā'āina. Most nui Manufacturers a me silikone mai ana i: China, France, Norway, United States (West Virginia, Ohio, Alabama, New York), Australia, South Africa, Canada, Brazil. All Manufacturers hana i kekahiʻano o ka aoao, a hilinaʻi ma o ka 'ano o ka huina hoonui (oaoieei-, mea uholo uila, kiʻekiʻe-silikone). Nine hehee ai waiwai aiiieieoaeuii pahaʻOkoʻa, huikala mai a pau ano o impurities ua kanaka waiwai o ka i hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kona hou ia ana. Ua pili kekahi i ka waiwai. Silikone 'ole Ho'ākāka' ka laulā o kona palapala noi.

Mōʻaukala o ka i

Loa pinepine, no ka mea, o aʻo Kīwala'ō o nā inoa o nā poʻe i hookahuli ai silikone a me ka pohaku paea, akā, i kēia mau manaÿo i ole'ālike. He mea akaka. E like me ua oleloia, ma ke ano, ua i loaʻa silikone i loko o kona maʻemaʻe palapala, hiki ole ke olelo mai e pili ana i kona pili 'o Randy (ka ia ka silica i). I ka papa kuhikuhiE nā minelala hao a me nā pōhaku i hana'okikene lua mākou e noonoo pono i ka waiwai - ka one (wai a me ka silica i), pōaka a me ka quartzite, feldspar a me ka pohaku paea la. ka mea, ua lohe ia ka hope Pono e loaʻa nā mea a pau, no ka mea, ua haawi nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka. Me keia nākiʻi i nā hana pōhaku ma kānaka i ka Stone Age. Konaʻoi lua nāna mai ana ka chipping o ka bedrock, nui kōkua ai i nā ka hana ana o na housewives kahiko, a me ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻi heʻoiʻoi - aiia a me ka lawaia. i ole i pohaku paea la ka ikaika o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia huahana, akā, me ka pilikia ka mea hiki wale ke auou caiaiai. Kona hoʻohana me he pohaku paea la ana na kenekulia - a hiki i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka papa kumu.

Me ka pili ana i keia la i ka realities, i ka waiwai o ka silikone e mea hiki, e hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea no ka mea hoʻonani a me ka hana ana o ka pālolo tableware, a me, ma ka hou ana i kekahi kiʻi aesthetic helehelena, ka mea, i ka helu o ka maikai ooieoeiiaeuiuo ano. A hoʻokaʻawale Mamuli o kona palapala noi aie i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke aniani ma kahi o 3000 makahiki i hala. Kēia hanana nae ka manawa e ho okumu aniani keleawe, mau kīʻaha, hoʻohaumiaʻo aniani mosaic o ka hui i loaʻa silikone. Haʻilula ka loiloi mua 'ona inā he pono eiiiiiaiou, hiki i ka huina hoonui, e haawi aku i ka makemake waihoʻoluʻu a me ka hopena ma luna o ka ikaika o ke aniani. Kupaianaha nani a me kaʻano o nā hana o ke akamai i hana ia e kekahi kanaka, mai nā minelala hao a me na pohaku i loaʻa silikone. O ka hoola ana i ka waiwai o keia hehee ai i ua hōʻikeʻia e kānakaʻepekema o ke kahiko a me ka hoʻohana 'ia ma ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka. Ka mea, kau mai ka punawai no ka inu i ka wai waho pūnaewele no nā huahana hoʻohana i ka maʻamau o ke ola, a me ka laau lapaau. Ka lepo i loaa ma ka wili i pili i ka eha. Ua uku ia i ka wai a e Kiʻi loko o ka ipu hao i ka hui i loaʻa ka silikone pakahi noonoo. Nine hehee aiʻano hoʻokahi pāʻani aku me ia, hiki i ka helu luku pathogenic koʻohune a me microorganisms. A me ka mea ka ole i na nāʻoihana a pau a mākou e noonoo pono i ka waiwai ka loa, loa i loko o koi. silikone 'ole ke kumu no kona multifunctionality.

waiwai

No ka hou lāliʻi ma luna o nā hiʻona o ka mea hoi e pono e noonoo, e lawe i ka mooolelo a pau o ka hiki waiwai. Plan hehee ai silikone Nine Inch ano nā physical waiwai, pou kiko'î, ke kuka nei lakou i huiʻia me ka naoh kūpono, a no laila lākou e hooholo ia. G. silikone i loko o ka mea pōaka palapala mai ka pouli oho ano me ka mea hao sheen. Maka-e pili ana cubic puka olu oia i ka hoohalike ai kalapona (daimana), akā, ma muli o ia i ka nui loa o nā loulou mea,ʻaʻole like ka ikaika. Lula ka mea, i ka wela i ka 800 ^{° C,} i loko o nā hihia, e noho fragile. Ke physical waiwai o ka silikone e ia io hanana substance: mea, mea aniani moakaka ia he pāhawewe. Heheʻe wahi - 1410 ⁰ C a me ka baila aʻela i - 2600 ⁰ C, i ka pa apŘ ma lalo o maʻamau rula - 2330 kg / ka m ^3. Thermal conductivity mea ole ia a eia no ka mea Eia kekahi laʻana likeʻole ka mea, ua loaa ia ma ka He kokekau wale waiwai o ka 25 ⁰ C. ka waiwai o ka silikone'Ātoma ae kona hoʻohana like me ka mea uholo uila. Oia noi i loa i loko o ke koi ma ka i keia la o ka honua. I ka nui o ka conductivity ololi o ka haku mele 'ana o ka silikone, a hehee wale, eia i loko o ka huipūʻana me ia. No laila, no ka mea, Hoʻonui i ke lolouila conductivity e hoʻohana antimony, arsenic, phosphorus, no ka perforated - Aluminum, gallium, boron, indium. Ka wā e pili ana i na mea maalea me ka silikone ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ke alakaiʻilikai lapaau me ka Agena, a e loli ai i ka hana o ka nakeke.

Nā waiwai o ka silikone me ka maikaʻi alakaʻi mele hoʻohanaʻano nui i loko o ke kēia mea kani. Pakahi aku la ia nui kona hoʻohana ma o ka hana ana o Ka Uluwehi O Ke? Ieaoa (e laʻa me, ke kālā no Me manaʻo, kamepiula 'ē aʻe).

Silikone: ano Nine Inch hehee ai

Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka silikone mea tetravalent, eia hoi ke kamaʻilio ma i ka mea hiki ke kau i elua. Ma lalo o maʻamau aku ana ia mea poorlyʻeleu, he ikaika i huiʻia ma ka mehana ea hiki wale pane koke me fluorine i loko o ka gaseous hoʻopiha moku'āina. O ke kumu ho i ka ka paleʻana keia Dioxideʻilikai ho film, a ua ike ia ma ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka Ambient i oxygen wai paha. E hoʻoulu i ka reactions e pono e hoʻohana i ka hōʻeleu: he mahuahua ma ka wela mea maikaʻi no ka waiwai e like me silikone. Nine hehee ai reacts me ka o oxygen ma 400-500 ⁰ C, kūpono Dioxide ho film, piʻi pū, i ke kaʻina hana o ka'okesaside. I ka wa ua hoala ia 50 ⁰ C ke ana wela i ka naoh me ka bromine, chlorine, iodine, no ia mea, e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie tetrahalides hana. Me nāʻakika silikone 'Aʻole i pane koke, me ke koe o ka läÿau, o hydrofluoric a me ka nitricʻakika, oiai kekahi mekala' åkilikai i loko o ka hahana loa moku'āina mea'ūheheʻe. Silanes i lawe wale ma ka decomposition o silicides i loko o ka naoh me ka hydrogen, aole ia e komo i laila. I ka lani kiekie loa ka ikaika a me ka Nine Inch hui OAOOUIEeE passivity me ka boron a me ka kalapona. High ia'ku i alkalis a me nāʻakika, me ka hui o ka naikokene, a ia lŘlŘ ma mahana ma 1000 ⁰ C. Ke silicides i loaa mai ma ka naoh me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a ma keia hihia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka valency o ka mea manuahi hehee ai, i hoike silikone. Haʻilula waiwai i hanaʻia me ke komo 'ana o ka hoʻololi metala mea hoʻopale i nāʻakika. Ka 'ole o ka silikone'Ātoma pono e loli ai i kona waiwai, a me ka hiki, e pāʻani aku me nā kumu mua. Ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu ana o na mea paa ma ka 'ano a me ka wā olohelohe ia lakou i ka waiwai (i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, hanalima' ia) i kekahi me ka nui loa. Silikone 'ole kuhi kona Nine Inch hope.

'ole

Ka huakai kaapuni 'ole o ka silikone'Ātoma i kona mau ano. Ke kauoha kāna mau 'ōlelo 14, a hoʻopili like me ke kaʻina, helu i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu. I ka helu o ka papa (particles): protons - 14; huina'ine - 14; neutrons - 14. Ka puni 'ole o ka silikone nā'ātoma o ke kēia: Si +14) 2) 8) 4. Ma ka hope (mawaho) huina'ine pae i 4 e hoʻoholo i ka degere o ka'okesaside me ka hoailona "+" a "-". Silikone'okesaside i ka haʻilula SiO ₂ (valence 4+), he yiaeaiiacaaeneiie hydrogen hui - (valence o -4) SiH _4. Nui ka nui o ka silikone nā'ātoma e hiki i kekahi hui i ka ōhumu helu o ka 6, e like me ka huina lakou me ka fluorine. Molar nuipa - 28'ātoma kahahńnai - 132 PS, ka huina'ine iwi hoʻonohonohoʻia: 1s 2s ^{2 2} 3s ^{2 6} 2P 3P ^2.

palapala noi

Surfactants a maopopo doped silikone ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mea uholo uila ma luna o hanaia'na o na mea he nui, a me miomio, manaʻo (e laʻa me, ka ikehu lā keena, transistors, rectifier a me ka' ole. D.). Ultrapure silikone ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka ho okumu ana i ka ikehu lā aeee (ikehu). ʻAno hookahi aniani ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana o nā aniani keleawe a me ke kukuna kinoea. Silikone hui loaa aniani, pālolo pōhakuʻula, Pottery, porcelain a me ka earthenware. Keʻano o ke ano o ka waiwai he mea ole ka hōʻike, kā lākou ka hanaʻino ia lŘlŘ ka maʻamau o ke ola, i ke akamai a me ka 'epekema, i loko o ka wahiʻoihana. Ke kūpono lepo pipili no o ka maka mea e ho okumu ana i ua hui a me nā pōhaku lepo pau ai i ua mau kumuhana. Hoi o ka makana o ka mea kāhinu, lubricants nānā 'ana i mea pīlali i huiʻia me ka nui loa ke emi kū'ē i loko o ka neʻe māhele o na mea he nui maomeka. Silicides aie i kū hoʻokahi waiwai maʻano pākīkē Media loan (nāʻakika, mahana) e hoʻomano ia ma ka hana. Lākou mau pou, a me ka nukelea Nine Inch nā hoailona lawe i ka mooolelo o ka poe akamai ma luna '-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, Radio aole hoi okana mai a Mānoa a me ka' ole o ka silikone'Ātoma.

Mākou i heluʻia o ka loa kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana a me ka nui i ka lā o ka hana. Ka loa, he pono ole, a ua hua mai i ka nui na mea noa ka silikone ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kekahi mau aoao:

1. Like maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waiwai maemae.
2. No ka alloying metallurgical ka hana: i ka alo o ka silikone maoli ka refractoriness, iaono? Ienoai ka popopo ia'ku, a me mechanical ikaika (me ka oi ana o keia hehee ai, o ka oka a ke emi loa ka brittle).
3. E like me ka deoxidizer no ka wehe oi o oxygen, mai ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.
4. Maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o silanes (Si i huiʻia me ke aloha 'ona).
5. No ka hydrogen? Iecaianoaaiiuo o silikone-hao oka a pau.
6. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka poe Panel.

Nui waiwai o ka waiwai, a no ka mea maʻamau functioning o na kanaka meaola. Silikone 'ole, kona waiwai i loko o keia hihia kuleana. Ma keia hihia, he loaʻa pākeu a nele i ka mea hiki aku ai i ka maʻi nui.

Ke kanaka kino

Medicine no ka manawa lōʻihi hoʻohana silikone like me ka bactericidal a me ka antiseptic. Akā, me na pomaikai a pau o foxmike i keia hehee ai pono e mau hana hou i loko o ke kanaka kino. Ka maʻamau nui o kona maʻiʻo, e hoʻoikaika 'ana i ke ola i loko o mau. Ma ka hanana o ka nele o ka oi ma mua o 70 kumumea oihana mua a me nā wikamina ka mea, e metabolized ma ke kino, i mea me ka nui loa haʻahaʻa ia'ku i keʻano o ka maʻi. I ka lani kiekie loa pakeneka o ka silikone ua malamaia ma ka iwi,ʻili, tendons. He Radio ke kūlana o ka mall hehee ai i kākoʻo i ka ikaika a me ka hāʻawi elasticity. All skeletal paakiki'aʻaʻa i hanaʻia ma ka lilo ana o kona hui. E like me ka hopena o nā haʻawina loaʻa ka silikone ka maʻiʻo ma ke hakuʻala, pancreas a me connective nā'aʻaʻa. Ke kūlana o kēia mau kino i loko o ka functioning o ke kino o loa ai nui, no laila, hoemi kona maʻiʻo mea detrimental hopena ma na mea he nui kī nā hoailona o ka hale. I ka lā me ka ai a me ka wai kino e loaa 1 gram o silikone - keia, e kōkua loaʻa hiki maʻi e like me li nui o ka ili, e hoopalupalu ana o ka iwi, ho okumu ana o nā pōhaku i loko o ke ake, puupaa, blurred hihiʻo, lauoho, a kui aku ana, atherosclerosis. I ka wa i lawa kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻiʻo o keia hehee ai, piʻi pū e hoʻonele, normalizes pūnao, iaono? Ienoai ke omo o na oihana mua e pono ai no kanaka ola. Ka nui loa ka nui o ka silica i - ma ka cereal ulu, radishes, buckwheat. E lawe nui pomaikai e silikone wai. No ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka helu a me ka alapine (frequency) o kona hoʻohana mea maikai e kukakuka me ka hoʻomalu.