Solovetsky mokupuni a me kona Hawaii. Pehea e kiʻi i ka Solovetsky Islands, mea e ike

Solovetsky Islands mea he hanana wahi. Ma ka uuku pae'āina i loko o ka White Sea ua ulu kekahi hanana maoli, mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu eiiieaen, aole hoi he analogues i loko o ke ao nei. Ka nui loa a me ka waiwai i loko o Hawaii nei i ka mokupuni o Solovki, a no kenekulia hana ka mea kaulana Solovetsky hoailona.

ke ano maoli

Nā mokupuni iʻikeʻia 9,000 makahiki aku nei i loko o kekahi o nā kuʻina o ke kahua o ka White Sea, ma hope o ka mahele heheʻe i ka o nui hauneneʻe mai ai uku 'uplift lepo. 2/3 o ka holoʻokoʻa pae'āina āpana ninoaaeyao Bolshoi Solovetsky Island.

Pae'āina o Nyos i loko o ka taiga ciia. Loa nani loa a me ka e lauwili panorama o ka mokupuni: nā puʻu kiʻekiʻe lakou e hee aku i ka o ic ??, flowering kula - wahi lepo wai. ua uhi ma ka ulu lāʻau, kuhikuhi spruce a me ka tidara 70% o ka wahi. About 5% o ka wahi e kau mai ma luna o ka tundra eiiieaenu. Maloo voronichnye tundra typical no ka Hawaiian ciia kahi a lakou i hahai ma ka bana krivostvolnyh birch (birch o Kahualoa Kokohi). Ma ke kikowaena hapa o ka mokupuni ma ka wahi o ka akua aku la a me ka ahi ana birch a me Aspen (CO) ululaau. Kula mai ma luna o ka mokuna, a ma ka waenakonu o ka mokupuni e ku e 0.1-0.2% o ka iauae ieiuaae, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka waiwai? Ueo haku mele 'ana o ka Meadow kanu. About 15% o na moku e i ka Marsh me ka predominance o ka uka a me ka malumalu? Ueo. Oia ka laulā huahelu o Landskap, hooku iho la ia ma luna o ka wahi o ka ma kahi o 300ʻahā like kilomika, o kekahi o ka loa kupaianaha maoli hiʻona o ka Solovetsky pae'āina.

Ma ka mokupuni laila, he oi aku 550 o ic ??. Ka mea, oko a ma ka nui, shape, kumu, kala like 'ole o ka wai, akā, a pau i loa Waimanalo.

Auhea ka Solovetsky Islands

Solovetsky keia pae aina, oia hoi o eono nā mokupuni a me ka oi ma mua o ka haneri uuku, aia i loko o ka komohana hapa o ka White Sea i ka 290 ei akau-komohana o ke kulanakauhale o Arkhangelsk, i ka piko o ka Arkhangelsk māhele. Ke iauae ieiuaae o na mokupuni, he 300 kapuaʻi kuea kilomika. Ka mea, nā mokupuni e like:

• Solovetsky (Solovetsky Large) - 218,72ʻahā like kilomika;
• Anzersky - 47,11 km²;
• Most Muksalma - 18,96 km²;
• Pāpaʻu Muksalma - 1,2ʻahā like kilomika;
• Big 3ayatsky - 1,25ʻahā like kilomika;
• Small Zayatsky - 1.1 km².

moʻolelo

I ka moolelo o ka Solovetsky Islands hoʻomaka me ka hooulu ana a ke kanaka i loko o ka Late Mesolithic. Na III Ka Wā Kaukani BC kai aiia a me ka poe lawaia loaa ka Solovetsky Islands, a hoomaka ae la i ko lakou ulu ana, a mau ae la ia a hiki i ka Middle Ages. Solovki loaʻa ko läkou 'lehulehu o ko lākou mau oicyenoaaiiie-utilitarian a me ka hoʻomana hana: oi ma mua o 20 noho, iaeaoi? A me nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao, eha halelaa ma ka hui pu ana, me ka kahiko kahua, he wahi lihi iki o ka hookahi pohaku labyrinths, na tausani o artifacts.

Primitive poʻe e noho lā ma Solovki hoʻoili i loko o kekahi holoholona hihiu nā holoholona, a me ka mokupuni moanawai a me ka nahele hihiu, ka lawaiʻa, a me ka Hawaiian a pau, hana pohaku mea paahana. Ma ke kahua o ka ohi ioauoa i ike pua, javelins, holoholona lipi, pohaku heleuma, pālolo, kū hoʻokahi iconicʻeli ke koi a me ka nui 'ē aʻe' ikamu. Na kamaaina kahiko o ka pae'āina i hana i ka hana o ka pohaku labyrinths, a kūkulu i ke keʻena kapu.

Ke kumu Stauropegial Solovetsky hoailona

Solovetsky mokupuni lilo, ua hookumuia ia he wahi o ka hoailona ma na 30s o ka XV kenekulia i hele mai, mai Cyril o Belozersk a me Valaam hoailona na moneka Savvatii, Kelemania, a Zosima like me ka noho ana o "Mea e Olaʻi, a Chudotvortsa Nikolaya". Iloko o ka XV-XVI kenekulia. hoailona i nā ulu, noho ana ma kona wahi e noho ai i ka nui mokupuni o ka pae'āina.

Ma ka pau ana o ka XV kenekulia ma na mōneka i kūkuluʻia ekolu laau ekalesia: mea mahuʻi, St. Rotehama a me ka hoopahaohaoia'na, lehulehu laau keena a me outbuildings, puni iho la ma ka laau pa.

Ka uhane paʻa o ka Lūkini North

Ma ka waena o ka XVI kenekulia hoailona i loko o ke au o ia mea oicyenoaaiiie nā mea hoʻololi pili me ka inoa o ka Abota Philip (Kolycheva), reformer, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, mikiʻala a me ka loea economist. Here i 1550-1560-ies i lawe mai o ke alanui, akā, i ka mokupuni, ua hookumuia ia ma ka B. Muksalma "waiu iwilei" me ka dia a me nā holoholona. E hoʻolako i ka heluna o ka hoailona e kahe ana ka wai 52 Lake Solovetsky mokupuni e pili ana inu kaha. No ka hoomalu ana i loko o 1582-1594 GG. Ua Ua kukulu ia i ka pohaku paia me ka hale kiaʻi a me nā puka. Ua kūkulu Annunciation (puka) Church ma 1596-1600 GG.

Iloko o ka XVII kenekulia Solovetsky hoailona mau ia e hana e like me ka hoʻomalu, waiwai, uhane, koa, ka manaʻo politika a me ka nohona mawaena konu o ka White Sea. Ma ka XVIII-XX kenekulia. He ua kekahi o na wahi o ke pio a me ka hoopaa ana i mau hewa.

ka Soviet au

Ma hope o ke kipi i loko o 1917 i hoomaka ai e hana i ka hou Rusia. Solovetsky Islands oki ia ia i ka uhane-oaio? A, a me ka hoailona i hoopauia. I 'Apelila 1920, i ka Arkhangelsk moku'āina Komisina hoʻoili i ka nationalization o ka waiwai o ka hoailona. Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka Office o Solovki mokupuni, a ma ka mea ia manawa i hoʻonohonoho' aina "Solovki", i ola a hiki i 1923. Ke kukuluia'na o ka aina, aole ia i olelo i ka hoʻopau o ka monasticism. About 200 mōneka ua sīwila? Aaiuo, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka haipule kaiāulu, ka mea hana i kākoʻo' ia e ka Office o Solovki mokupuni.

Ka Gulag pae

Mai 1923 a hiki i 1939 i ka mokupuni, a pau i ka hale o ka mea kahiko Solovetsky hoailona noho Solovki o ka hale paʻahao e hoʻomoana ai NKVD (Elephant). I hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma luna o ke kumu o Kholmogory, Pertominskogo a me Arkhangelsk, Solovki hoʻomoana ai i kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o Rusia. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka poe pio i loko o ka SLON hoʻololi i kekahi mau manawa. Me lakou pu o ka poeikohoia o ka Lūkini aristocracy, ekalesia, ka pilina, a pau mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni kālai'āina aoao, karaima hehee wale ka poe i maopopo kona wahi lulu mea,' elele o na aoao elua, a he nui na mea e ae.

Mawaena o na pio i helu ma ka Elephantʻepekema, a Artists, kākau moʻolelo, haku mele, kahuna alakaʻi o Rusia: Kumu, kākau moʻolelo oe AE Anisimov, ID kākau moʻolelo Antsiferov inventor BA Artemyev, Kumu SA Askol'dov kākau moʻolelo BB Bakhtin, ka artist IE Braz, he mamo o ka Decembrists AB Bobrishchev-Dushkin, haku mele HI Ana o ka moa, ethnographer NN Vinogradov, kākau moʻolelo 0.B. Bolkiah, kākau moʻolelo Herman Gordon, ka haku mele AK Gorsky, academician DS Likhachev, ke kahuna, ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao a me ka lexicographer ka Florensky a me na mea e ae.

Hoi na mea makau o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu eiiieaena

Nohona Kanaka, a Historic Ensemble o ka Solovetsky Islands - kekahi o kekahi ano, kū hoʻokahi i loko o ka pono a me ka completeness o i koena ma loko Ensemble a me nā pono a pau o, wahi o ka hoomana, hale noho, iho, waiwai, waterworks, alanui pukapuka, a nenoaio i? Medieval nenoai, e like me hulikoehana kahua, kia hoʻomanaʻo i, hōʻikeʻana kahiko a me ka medieval domonastyrskuyu moku moʻomeheu. Ka mea, i kiaʻana i kāna i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka nui mokupuni o ka pae'āina, akā, geographically a me Hawaiʻi nei interconnected, lakou i ka hookahi, indivisible a pau. Kona kekahi mau eiiiiiaiou i nā manawa a pau o ka moolelo o ka pae'āina, a me ka a pau Lūkini'Ākau.

Ke constituent māhele o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu luna 'Solovetsky pae i:

• I na hoailona-pā o XV-XX kenekulia, A mua monastic hooponopono o XVI-XX kenekulia, Monasteries a me nā wahi nahele no hoi XVI-XX kenekulia...;
• Wa e ohi ai hale mokupuni neaa a me ka, nicaaiea nenoai;
• Pono a pau o "keʻena kapu-i? Iaie?» III-I millennia BC B. Zayatsky Anzersky a me ka mokupuni;
• e hoomanaoia hale Groups hana Solovetsky? neeo eaaa? 1923-1939 GG. i loko o ke kauhale, a ma na kahua o ka pōhaku hola;
• Natural Landskap.

Center o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu luna 'o ka pae'āina o ka Solovetsky hoailona - he holistic hanana kuhikuhipuʻuone Kanakaʻole. Kona? Ieoaeunoai mea he kamahaʻo monumental, ao alohilohi i kanaka ano o na mea he nui iauaeoia, a ma ka mea hookahi manawa i ka pono o ka a pau kona wahi.

Other Hawaii

Hulikoehana a kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i, Historic kahua a me nā mea kupaianaha mea i ikea no ka aneane a pau o ka Solovetsky Pae Aina. Hoi na mea makau pono o kūikawā noonoo i aia ma luna o ke kēia mokupuni:

• Anzersky: Trinity hoailona (ka XVII), Trinity Church (1880-1884), o Gologota-Crucifixion Skete (XIX).
• Big Zayatsky: Zayatsky (St. Andrew ka) hoailona (ka XVI), Kaulu Harbor, Stone Harbor (ka XVI), Church o St. Andrew.
• Most Muksalma: Sergievʻeleʻele, (XVI), Kaulu makua, ai pili aku Muksalma me ka nui Solovetsky Island (XIX).

Flora

Labyrinths Solovetsky Islands i ka home i ka 500? Ueo o nā mea kanu. Iwaena o aaioea anoanoaaiii-ia kenekoa eiiieaenu Island i habitats o miomio a me ka pohihihi? Ueo o ka mea kanu. Lākou like, mālama a me ka holomua o nā kānakaʻepekema āpau i komo. Hiki ma ka mokupuni, e pono e mālama ana i ka kūloko flora, ma ka mea i haehaeia hana pua hiki ia i ke nānā? Ueo. I ka nele ana o kūikawā hoopakele i kēia flora: Rhodiola rosea, Daphne maʻamau, Platanthera bifolia, Orchis kikokiko, Dryopteris kane, laulā-E haʻalele nō i orchis, Siberian tidara, girchovnik akau, lauzeleuriya recumbent, makeke, a me ka Arctic kai.

Hawaiian wai o ka White Sea - kekahi o ka richest a loa lākou huahana Algoflora pūnāwai āpana (kahi, he 160 laha 'o benthic līoho).

? aaoa

Na? Aaoa o ka mokupuni ma ka mana o ka olelo o ka Solovki keia pae aina, a me ka'ākau wahi, aole ia e oko i keʻano nui o mammals. Elua o lākou? Ueo Ua ikea mai 'aneʻi hoʻomaikaʻi ke kanaka. Kēia reindeer, i lawe mai i ka mokupuni ma ka XVI kenekulia, a me ka muskrat, iʻikeʻia nei i loko o ka 1920s.

Waiwai i loko o ka helu o ka laha 'o avifauna o ka mokupuni. Manu ma Solovki i kākau aneane 200? Ueo. Iwaena o lakou, aia no na "Red Book": keʻokeʻo-waʻa,ʻaeto, osprey, he pono ole shelduck, he make hope. O ka loaʻa kekahi uku kuala o kekahi o Europe ka nui panalāʻau o Artic tern a me Rusia ka lua panalaau ia o gulls broody. Ke 'ano nui o? Ueony anao? Aou Solovetsky Island.

O nā mammals i loko o ka Hawaiian wai o ka mea pono ke komo lima o ka wepa, beluga kohola, a ma kaʻumiʻumi me ka lira wepa. Ma ka mokuna o ka mokupuni o Anzer maturation malama nuipa o pinnipeds a me ke komohana hapa o ka Big Island Solovetsky hoʻomākaukau bipi o keʻokeʻo'ō koholā o ka mai i kekahi mau haneri kanaka.

ecotourism

Ka pae'āina o ka nui hoihoi no ka poʻe i aloha aku ano. 'Aʻole wale no ka kipa i ka hoailona kaulana o iauaeoia oo? Ecia e hele mai i ka Solovetsky Islands. Nature Hawaii no hoi e pono ai ka noonoo. Surprisingly e lauwili Landskap ae ma ka olelo hoopomaikai wahi e auwana ma ka ulu lāʻau,ʻai i ka nani o ka launahele o ke kula mauʻu a me ic ??, mālama wildlife.

Kū hoʻokahi Hono o ka pae'āina. Beautiful, a me na mokupuni uuku Long Bay mea he kū hoʻokahi kino o ka wai, a ua noho ma ka relict Arctic ano o invertebrates, no ko kaʻaneʻane paʻa kaiaola. Beautiful Trinity Bay, aneane hapalua dissecans Anzersky mokupuni.

Ke ano o ka Solovetsky keia pae aina, he poʻokela ao waiwai, no ka mea, Hōʻike 'ke kumu o kia-mauʻaʻei ka manawa o ka' ā ina moolelo o ka North, ka mōʻaukala o kanaka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ka loaʻa o ka mea nani loa Landskap a mea he kaianoho koholā no ka pohihihi keia laha 'o ka manu a me ka nui manu panalāʻau. People kilo ma makuahine ke ano maoli, ka mea, ua hoomaikai waiho e kipa i ka Solovetsky Islands.

Pehea e kiʻi i Solovki ka hooilo

Mamuli o ke ala hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka vagaries o ka ino, a me nā kau. I ka hooilo, o ka neʻeʻana o loa i kaupalena 'ia, mau oo? Ma ka mokupuni mea wale ma ka lewa, mai Arkhangelsk ma laila:

• mokulele hawaii "Air Nord" (HE-24) lele mai ka «Talagi» Airport ma Tuesdays a me ka Lāpule a me ka. holo manawa - 45 minuke.
• Mai ka international airport "Vaskovo" Friday ka poe hana de "2nd AOAO" (L-410).

Pehea e kiʻi i ka mokupuni i loko o ke kauwela

Me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana map helu o nā koho, e kipa i ka Solovetsky Islands, piʻi pū me ka nui loa. Pehea e kiʻi ai i ka pae'āina ma ka Akuma ka i kokoke nānā. Ma waho aʻeo ia de Arkhangelsk, hamama a? Ooia o Karelia i keia manawa.

Mai na wahi e hele ai i Arkhangelsk e waiho ma ka pelane, a me kona hua lole. No ka kaa i nā alanui, e ia he maoli ka hakaka ana. Me ka hooilo, i Solovki, e hiki ke loaa ka ea. Flights mai «Talagi» Airport (NordAvia) lawe mai ma luna o Tuesdays, Saturdays a me ka Lāpule a me ka. Mai "Vaskovo" (2nd AOAO) - ma ka Poakahi, Poakolu, Fridays a me Saturdays.

Ka loa pilialoha ala - mea e loaaʻi ka waapa ma ka Solovetsky Islands i loko o ka Karelian kulanakauhale o Belomorsk a me Kem. I mau mea o Moscow a me St. Petersburg i loko o ke kūlanakauhale hiki ke hiki aku ma ka nalowale Murmansk. Mai ka? Aeia Rabocheostrovsk (Kem) kela la i keia holo moku i Solovki "Blizzard" a me ka "Vasiliy Kosyakov". moku "he sapeiro" hele mai Belomorsk. Nā mokupuni pū Ply "muliwai taxis" - waapa uuku i lawe mai malihini a me kanaka iauaeoia oo? Ecia. Mokulele a me waapa lawe ohua i ka papa kuhikuhiE mokupuni - Solovetsky.