Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe: momoku ahi ano. hale kamepiula

Ka Soviet Union ua hala ka loa paakiki ala, mai ka hanaia'na mai o ka mua Tube cumbersome a me ka lohi kamepiula 'ē aʻe i supercomputers - kiʻekiʻe wikiwiki, ka nānā' ana ma luna o noniakahi wahi i puhi ai. Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe nō e paʻa ana, a me ka mea, ke hana hoʻomalu ma kekahi kihapai o ka hana,' epekema, aʻaʻole pono programmers. Ka nele i ka pono, inexpensive a me ka olelo hoopomaikai kamepiula 'ē aʻe i waho i loko o ka hapalua like-seventies o ka hope kenekulia. Inā ua nele ia, a me ka oihana koa hana, a ua nui nā wahi likeʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ke aupuni.

Anakahi iki-kamepiula "uila no"

Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe a pau i ko lakou mau mua. Ua hoʻomaka 'oi kamepiula' ē aʻe i loko o nā sixties, hemahema hoi i ka hana a 'ano olelo hoopomaikai kaa mai ka hopena ua "World". Ka mea, Uaʻano nui hoʻohana no ka 'enekinia, ho. Ma ka hapalua like-seventies, he mau iee?, A me ia mea hiki, e hoʻomaka? Iecaianoaaiiuo o "Elektronika NC" a me ka "uila no C5" - ke ao anakahi iki-kamepiula. Ka mea, i loko o na aoao i pili i kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino kamepiula, akā, ua hoʻohana' ia ka mea mua Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe wale i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie - me kā lākou kōkuaʻana mai i ke kaʻina hana, lako a pan, a no laila, ma luna o.

Ma ka hopena o seventies shestnadtsatibitnyh hoʻokuʻuʻoneki kamepiula 'ē aʻe ka hoʻomaka' ana ma luna o ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole - i lawa ka ikaika a me kana olelo hoopomaikai. It Ke Ana Hoʻohālike e like me "uila no T3-29" a me ka "Iskra 1256", 'ia no ka oihana koa, e like me ka pono me simpler Ke Ana Hoʻohālike - "hunaahi 226", "uila no RS-28" a me na mea e ae. I ke kakahiaka nui eighties shestnadtsatibitnyh ma muli hookahi-papa microcomputer a me ka maʻamau maʻi he analogs pä Me nenoai - DCK.

Mid-kanawalu ma

Ma ka USSR hoʻomaka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o mau-manao kamepiula 'ē aʻe e like me ka eu-1840, "uila no-85," DVK-3, BK-0010 "ula", "Microsha". Lolouila undergoing kokololio kūpono 'ana i loko o ko mākou'āina, a me kēia kaʻina mau a hiki i ka Soviet Union e hina. Ma ke kakahiaka nui nineties, hua mai la i kēia ōlaʻi o nā ana hoʻohālike.

Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe a pau i kaʻano o nā papa a me architectures me ka IBM-hana maʻalahi, a me kekahi analogues i waena o nā Soviet a me ka haole pcs. No ka laʻana, "Corvette" - kamepiula ihola ia me nā hana a me ka "Lions PC-01", "maʻi lele-06C" a me kekahi mau mea e ae. Mai laila, he pōkole manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka wahi lulu kamepiula hale, ua nui hanana nui loa, i mea maikaʻi, e olelo aku i ka mea.

Kiev

E nānā i ka mea i hala. 1948 la, Feofania wahi, i kahi loihi, mai ke kapikala o ke Ukrainian SSR, he malu keʻena hoʻokolohua, i kona wahi i hooponopono iho i Sergey Aleksandrovich Lebedev - Poʻo o ka Institute o uila a me ke poo o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka Institute o'ē 'enekinia, a me ka miomio Mechanics o ka Academy o Sciences o Ukraine. Ua Ua ma laila i ka manawa i hana i ka mea uuku lolouila Me mīkini (SECM). It Lebedev hou, hoaponoia, a hoʻokō - nānā 'ole o ka Neumann - ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka hana ana o kekahi polokalamu kamepiula waiho i loko o ka iaiyoe.

Muaʻo ia i hana i ka mīkini i ka hoomanao ana, makemakika naehana, e like me hoʻokomo o manaʻo, auaiaea e hooponopono. Ua ua hiki ke encode a me ka hale kūʻai papa hana ma ka hoomanao ana, e like me ka helu. Ua hoʻohana 'ia ka aeaie'ōnaehana e encode kauoha a me ka nui, a me ka' akomi hanaʻia i ka ho. Ua Ua hele a me ka makemakika a me ke kūpili nā polokalamu. Ua loaʻa iā ia ke kūkulu waho pūnaewele i loko o ka hierarchical ano. Ka mea, ua oluolu ke hoʻohana laulā ano ia? I ka i ka ho omaulia. Design, mea hoʻonoho a me ka debugging i ua i loko o nā makahiki, he kime o nā kanaka - elima technicians, a he umikumamalua noiʻi. Ua paʻa nā Eia kekahi laʻana i loko o ka malama o Novemaba 1950, a ma ka 1951, hoomaka ae la mau hana. Ua hoʻomaka me Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe.

hou Kiev

1965 - makahiki o ka hanaia'na o ka mīkini no ka hana 'enekinia, ho'ē "WORLD", na haku polokalamu o i poe noiʻi, mai ka Kiev Institute o Cybernetics - Glushkov, Annunciation, Losev, Letinskiy, Pogrebinsky, Molchanov, Rabinovich, Stogniy. I ka Ia manawa no ka mīkini ua, ua hoʻokō ma mikrokomandnom pae iaaiey 'ōlelo - Almir-65. Ke kamepiula ua hiki i ka paka kekahi mau tausani o nā ana o ka lua, o ka hoʻokomo o a me ka ia auoiaeaʻikepili ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka uila typewriter ho'āhu iaiyoe ma ferrite Kora naʻEsau, a me ka mawaho - ma ka punched leki.

I ka makahiki 1969, hoomaka ae la oia e paka pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe "Mir-2", kau akula ma luna i loko o ka ia wahi i loko o Kiev. Ua huli mai ka hōʻano hou ÷, e hoʻohana oi ma mua o umi manawa wikiwiki ma mua o mua. Ua Ua hoʻonuiʻia a me ka ikaika, a me ka hipa kāne hoʻokahi. Ano, ua i pili i ka mea hou i ka punched leki, a typewriter maʻi lele Kimia 'ia me ka malamalama peni a me kaʻume mākenēki pepa kamepiula' ē aʻe. Iaaiey'ōlelo lilo iho la i kanaka kālailai - hiki ke olelo aku ia "moʻopuna" Almir-65.

iee? ii?

I ka 1974, ua hookuu ia i ka mua Soviet iee? - mahele Ke Ana Hoʻohālike me ka firmware hooponopono a me ka huahelu ewalu-four- a pauku. Series K532, no kekahi laʻana, i wehewehe aku e haʻahaʻa mana hokii, laulā huahelu o ka lako hou voltages a me ka wikiwiki o ka mai i elua haneri a me kanalima tausani ana no kekona.

A K536 papahana hiʻona haʻahaʻa lilo ana o ka 'ike loea, no laila,ʻaʻole i lanakila maluna o ka mana hokii, akā, ua ole no laila, ua wikiwiki. Ma muli o ka K532 kini puʻe wale koke hexadecimal microcomputers i hoopuka ( "Elektronika NC"), a me K536 i ke kumu o ka pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka mua Soviet ao anakahi iki-kamepiula "uila no C5" hexadecimal pū.

oeia-Ka Hawai i

Ka mea, ua ka mua Soviet kamepiula! Mahele iee? I kuhi i olelo mua iaʻi, no ka mea, e leie aku ia e ho okumu kamepiula-muli o kekahi wahi hohonu o ka ewalu a hiki i ke kanakolu-nā. I ka wa i hoʻomaopopo i kēia ma ka mea o kekahi kauoha nenoaiu'ōnaehana firmware.

Akā, ma hope, ma ka hopena o ka eighties, microelectronics hoʻomaka koke ulu lākou mau uea, a ua reoriented ka Soviet kamepiula hana i ka haole analogues kamepiula 'ē aʻe. Universal mahele nā unu lawelawe i'uī hookahi? Inoaia ana hoʻohālike. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, he lōʻihi manawa hoʻohana i ke kaʻa'ōhua-Ka Hawai i, o ka oi aku i loko o ka oihana koa hana.

Soviet kamepiula

I ka makahiki 1977, i ka pukaʻana o ka ewalu iki hookahi-inoaia iee? K580VM80A, a ua he piha mea like o ka pono no-ike kumu hoʻohālike Intel 8080. kēia unu lawelawe ua ole ia e ia no ka mainframe, ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka mana o ke anakahi iki-kamepiula' ē aʻe, anakahi iki-luna, peripherals a me ana i kūpono - nui palapala noi mau mea. Naʻe, ka mea, ua nike a me ka maʻalahi, akā, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe i kekahi Soviet heluhelu o ka Magazine "Radio" Ua kūkulu ma luna o ka hale kamepiula kona manawa.

Auana ua kiʻekiʻe, ka'ōnaehana kauoha mai ke ao, a nolaila, lilo iho la ia i ka iee? Kekahi o ka loa hanohano i loko o ka USSR. Ma waho aʻeo i ke kino kamepiula, hoʻokokoke nui no hoi na iee? Manaʻo, no laila, i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o na eighties o ka hope ke kenekulia, keia unu lawelawe i ua hoʻohana ma aneane haneri Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o Soviet hi - kēia hale kamepiula, a me aʻo, aʻaʻole i ka 'oihana kükohu.

"Uila no-60"

hexadecimal anakahi iki-kamepiula kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo "uila no-60" Ua hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1978. E like me ke kauoha'ōnaehana "uila no-60" ua hana maʻalahi me ka Dec PDP-11 / LSI-11 - American kamepiula 'ē aʻe. Auana - mai i kekahi miliona ana no kekona. Oia machines i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie, kū i ke kaʻina hana, e lawe wahi i loko o ka CNC a - ka hapanui importantly - he lōʻihi a me ka pono hana ma ka' epekema a me ka hoomalu ana i puolo.

I ka 1983, he Magazine me nā kope o ka miliona o "Radio" paʻi he aeoaeuneiai kamepiula noaia "anakahi iki 80" me ka unu lawelawe K580IK80A, i ua ka mua ka anu u ma nunui aeoaeuneiai Radio Hobby iee? A kamepiula enehana he. I ia manawa, ua hiki ke hana ia me kekahi lipine kākau moʻo'ōlelo no ka ho'āhuʻikepili a me nā polokalamu ka Soviet pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe, a me kekahi TV mea i mālama i ke kanaka hoʻoponopono.

hana hoihoi 'mea

He me ke kōkua o "uila no-60" i ka makahiki 1984 Alekseem Pazhitnovym a pau o ka punahele hihiu "Tetris" i kākau. Ua hana ia ma ke kamepiula konu o ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR olelo ana i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me nā pilikia oʻimi hoʻopunipuni manao, ka mea, ua pinepine ia i loko o kā lākou hana i ka Puzzle no ka holo ana o ka manaʻo.

Hope, no ka laua i hou-i kākau 'ia no ka IBM PC i loko o ka' ōlelo Turbo Pascal iaaiey, a i mea umikumamaono Soviet schoolboy - Vadim Gerasimov, ka poe e ola ana ma Australia, a hana ma Google.

Ka mua like Informatics

Ma ka eighties,? Ac? A hookuu'ōhui o ka poe noonoo ole, i mea ho'āmana i paʻa pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe no ka home a me ke kula ana. Ua i, o ka papa, shestnadtsatibitnaya "BC-0010 uila no", kahi o ka hua h ÷ ailona o BK i koho i ka hale kamepiula. I ia manawa, e noho ana i loko o ke ao nei o pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe i loko o ka hexadecimal nā unu lawelawe.

He aha mea kūikawā e pili ana ia? ASICs me ka degere kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohui '- puka huihui ikehu lā, i mālama ai i eiioeieeae o ka hōʻike' ia nei, keyboard, hoomanao, a mea 'ē aʻe. Ua hoʻohana 'ōlelo interpretaror "mea nui". Kākoʻo monochrome kiʻekiʻe-hoʻonā kiʻi a me Four waihoʻoluʻu. Mau mea i ka mea mua kaa i hoʻokū pono ia me ka kamepiula epekema ao, a me kā lākou mau mamo a hiki i ka makahiki 1993 i malamaʻi, e like me ka papa hale a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kamepiula 'ē aʻe i loko o ka Soviet Union.

Akademgorodok

Novosibirsk schoolchildren i ke komo i loko o ke kamepiula konu o ka Siberian Branch o ka USSR Academy o Sciences, a me kā lākou mau pololei komo ikea lako polokalamu'ōnaehana no na kula, a ua kapaʻia - "School Girl" no ka "ula" pilikino kamepiula. Ua hana me ka "Rapier" a me ka "Robic" iaaiey 'ōlelo, ka loaʻa o ka mea kiʻi'ōnaehana "pahi" a me ka laulāʻano o ka pūʻolo helu o ke aʻo papahana.

"ʻula" - ka brainchild o ka makahiki 1984, noʻonoʻo ka mua pūkaʻina PC, hana maʻalahi me ka Apple II + a ho i, ua he nui PC hipa kāne i loko o hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakāluakumamāwalu kilobyte floppy pā hōkū kipaku aku ai, a me ke ano kanaka hoʻoponopono, hōʻike 'ia nei he umikumamaono waihoʻoluʻu. Ua ua i ka makahiki 1984, ka Plenum o ka CPSU Central Komite aponoia i ka olelo hooholo, ma hope a hoomaka ae la ka computerization o ke kula hoʻonaʻauao.

watershed makahiki

I ka makahiki 1985, i ka holoʻokoʻa aupuni i manao ai i ka uhai ana, i ka kūkuluʻana, a me ka mea hiki ole akā, hoʻopā aku i ke kamepiula poepoe. He nui iconic kükohu Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe i? Ac? I kekahi manawa. ? Ac? Aaioea muli o kona kulana ana holomua shestnadtsatibitnye "lolouila o", hou DVK Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, he hana maʻalahi me IBM Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe. Oi ano o keia manawa trohprotsessornaya "Istra-4816" - mai i eha megabytes o ka hipa kāne, a me ka eke me ka m'kini helu Hexadecimal "Elektronika'āina-85".

Akā, i i hooki i ka hana, a ma ka PC, no ka mea, i ke kumu o ka poe noonoo oleʻewalu-iki nā unu lawelawe. A he mau kumu hoʻohālike "hoʻomalu", "Ocean-240", "Irisha". Kamepiula 'ē aʻe he octet. No anei keia aha i ka mea i ino? No. Mawaena o ka ewalu-ho ka mea, ua pono kupanaha, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka unu lawelawe ua iki OOAOAaXUEE. No ka laʻana, "Corvette" - ke kamepiula pono maikai.

"Microsha" a me ka 'ē aʻe

Ke kamepiula no ka loa a me ka lei vociferous mawaena o Soviet hale pilikino kaa - He ewalu-iki "maʻi lele-06C". Hou, i ka Magazine "Radio" paʻiʻia kekahi mau wahi i puhi ai o ka microcomputer "Radio 86RK" no ka makahiki 1986, a ua ai na mea i ka manawa, ua hoʻololi i loaa nui hiʻona i kēia palapala. Ikeia'ku analogs, a me Lolina, a mawaena o lakou kekahi mau o kēia, a i loaa hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo. No ka laʻana, "Microsha" - he kamepiula me ka pili aloha inoa. "Radio 86RK" maikaʻi hui me "anakahi iki-80", mai keia wahi aku ia ikea.

Kekahi o na kumu nui PC no ka study - "Corvette". Ke kamepiula ua loa huikau a me ka nunui-iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai, hoʻowahāwahā konaʻewalu-iki. Hipa kāne mea liʻiliʻi - wale 257 KB, akā, no ka manawa ka mea, ua i ka aahu nani huahelu. Eia hou kekahi, ke kala kiʻi me ka olelo hooholo kiʻekiʻe lawa - 512h256 kumu, lako e hoʻonui, wikiō eiioeieeae kikokikona, kani mīkini hana wāwahie - IBM PC Analog, LAN, iole, joystick, mīkini paʻi, pā hōkū makou a holo - keia a pau hou i muaʻike. Like maikai i ka anal "Orion-128", i ewalu-hana kokoke Moscow Radio loira Vyacheslav Safronov a me kona mau hoa. I ka makahiki 1990, ka mea paʻi i ka hooulu ana o ka "Radio" Magazine.

Ka hope hawewe

Mid eighties Ua kaha maha ma ka halawai ala i loko o ka wahi lulu kamepiula hale, ua he nui helu o ka nani mua manaʻo. Ua mea - he Hopu! Akā, ma laila ka mea, ua. Gorbachev ka Soviet Union a me rapprochement o ka hoʻokele waiwai global i i alakai i ka aina i ka pomaikai. Ke paradox - ke ku pono hanaia. Wahi lulu kamepiula a me ka uila no ka hana ua lilo a pau kona e holumua ai e piʻi like.

Aia i kekahi papakaukau naeaeaa ma luna o ka mea hilo i lōʻihi ua OOAOAaXUEIE a me ka hemahema hoi Ke Ana Hoʻohālike - pae-hana maʻalahi. Naʻe, ka mea simplest kükohu hana maʻalahi me IBM, ua kekahi hua. Akā, hoʻokahi wale nō Soviet kūpono 'ana hoʻi i kāpiliʻia nā mea a pau ma ka 1992. All Manufacturers ua hō'ā i ka hookahi global hae - hoopuka wale IBM-hana maʻalahi pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe.

mea, ua ulu

Ma ka lulu popilikia lako e hoʻoholo i ka olelo negatively i loko o nā makahiki. Wale e pili ana i ka hewa o ka socialism, a me ka n ieaie? Hoʻokele waiwai, i loko o a mākou i "koe ma hope mau loa", akā, e pili ana i ka mea i loko o ka West, 'ike loea i mau i ka mea maikaʻi, akā, Lūkini - Krivorukov a me kamepiula' ē aʻe hiki ole ke hana.

Akā nō, literally a pau o ka luna mark Soviet kamepiula 'ē aʻe,' aʻole i ka mea maikaʻi loa Aey? Acaeoey. Ka mea pono, ua laha. I mea, i nāʻano uilaʻoe i loko o ka USSR hoʻomohala muli o kona kulana ma ka global level, a ma na aoao mua o ka ia hana i loko o ka West, mea hiki ke hoike mai i ko kakou koa a me ka lewa nā polokalamu.