Topsoil: ano

Honua he wai, paa a me ka gaseous eiiiiiaiou. Topsoil ua haku o decomposed e microorganisms ola a me ka kanu residues. He kapa humus, a lawe 10-20 kenimika. Ma ka mea ulu pua, lāʻau, ʻai.

Ma lalo o ia mea infertile lepo, ahu iho ma 10-50 knm. Ka mahuaola holoi mau meaʻakika a me ka wai, no laila ka mea, ua kapaʻia kaʻalihi moana leaching (leaching). Eia ka mea, nolaila ia i kuu mau nā kumumea ma Nine Inch, liluwelo, a me physical keʻano o ka hanaʻana, he mea palolo nā minelala hao.

Ina malalo iho o ka makua pōhaku. Ua hoʻi, ua maikaʻi kēia hehee wale. No ka laʻana, kalipuna, silikone, potasiuma, makanekiuma, phosphorus a me na mea e ae.

E ka nana aku i ka nui au mamuli humus, no ka mea, Radio he kūlana loa nui i loko o ko kakou mau ola.

Humus: ka hoʻonaʻauao manaʻo

Lepo i hanaʻia i weathering o nā pōhaku a me ua haku o ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole eiiiiiaiou. Eia hou, inā loaʻa makani a me ka wai. He He noaia wale, a ma ka mea ua ulu kaawale kēlā me kēia ahu iho la ma ka like ana me kekahi mau olelo. Mākou honua pololei mea homogeneous, ka mea, ua noho ia e na ilo, nā mea kolo, koʻohune.

Topsoil - o kona wahī. Ma na ululaau hāʻawi aiʻo ia ke aloha residues a me nā lau i lele wale, i hamama wahi - herbaceous kanu. Cover i malama mai maloʻo ana mai, huahekili, anu o ka honua. Ma lalo o ka mea i decomposed i koe o nā mea kolo a me nā holoholona. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka decomposition o ka lepo ua lako oukou me ka mea pōhaku kumu maoli ai.

Humus ua noho ma ka meaola e noho ana, komo iloko o ka aa o nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu, piha o ka lewa. Kona moe kolohe 'ole, ma ka palapala o ka popo lepo hookahi. Here ho okumu ia lŘlŘ a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o māhuaola ma ke kumu nenoai.

Paha e ike i ka luna, ahu iho o ka aina, a he oiaio, ua, humus, Ua nui loa no ka fertility. Kaʻeleʻele waiwai nui ka loaʻa o kalapona a me ka naikokene. Kēiaʻano o ka lumi kuke kahi ai ua hoomakaukauia no ka kanu (ʻeleu humus). Nō hoʻi i loko o kēia ahu iho la hana he koena o ka mahuaola, ka wai a me ke ea kūlana (hale lio humus).

He aha e loli ai i ka topsoil

Ma topsoil lakou aloha ia aaioee enehana type, aniau, iʻohi kuapo. Ma ka mahinaʻai, ma ka hana ana i ke aloha a me ka mea hoʻonui awi aku compost hiki loa ka hōʻoi 'hale lio humus.

Ka mahiʻai mala nui lepo type. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea pōhaku haku mele 'ana. Nō mea kanu ulu maikai ma'ākilikai paha ikiʻakika kai.

Aia nō nā hoailona o ka fertility.

• Huinaʻakika.
• Hawaiiʻakika.
• Cation pānaʻi.
• I ka pono no ka liming.
• Saturation kumu.
• Huna nui hoi o ka makana.
• Ka maʻiʻo o ke aloha mea.
• Ka maʻiʻo o macronutrients.

Ma fertility e loli ai i ke anakahi "lepo nuʻa". Higher aiee ia ho i ka poe ilihune ea? Eia, keakea, i nutrient mobilization, lawa ulu o na aa. Low nuʻa retards i ka ulu ana o ke kumu'ōnaehana ma muli o ke voids, a hiki aku i ka māhuahua omoāea o ka ona mau.

Currently, eia fertilizers, mea hoʻonui, a me kekahi mau ohe. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mea e like ai o ka topsoil. Akā, ma ka honua mea pono i ke koena. E hoʻomanaʻoʻoukou i kēia!