Union - keia mea ... Lublin, Brest, Krevsk Union

Union - keia kaiāulu, hoao ana, kaiāulu o Hawaii, ka manaʻo politika a papa hana,ʻoihana denominations. Ka hapanui pinepine hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke ano o monarchical hui ana o kekahi mau lāhui kanaka ma lalo o ka hookahi alii.

Mea Maluna o ka ae like ana

Real Union - Union, a he o ke aupuni mō'ī, oiai e lawe i hookahi mea o succession a hiki i ka noho aliʻi. Hooilina i ka wā e hiki mai mō'ī i nā mea a pau lala aina a pau o ka aelike. Oia ka hui ana - he ikaika, ike loea - hiki ke hōʻoki aku wale nō i loko o ka hihia ma kekahi o na i komo e hoʻololi i keʻano o ke aupuni i loko o ka republican. Hawaiian aupuni mō'ī i loko o kekahi a me nā mea a pau lala Hawaii entail disintegration hoao ana a me ka emi ana i loko o kona laupaʻi haku mele 'ana.

Personal hui ana - he 'aelike i ka huikau, ina kekahi kanaka i ka mō'ī i loko o kekahi mau aina e like me ka hopena o ka ohana ano laulea a me na kiaaina elua a ekolu paha, a ma ka mea o ka popilikia. ʻO kēia 'aina' aʻole e hoʻololi, aʻaʻohe hoʻokahi ina hana o ka succession. Keia hui ana ua make i ka palaho. Ma neia hope aku i ka contender no ka noho aliʻi, noho alii ma ka ia moku'āina, akā, i loko o kekahi mea paha e hiki ole no i ke ano o ke kanawai.

Church Union - i ke 'ano o ka aelike manao ma waena o nā' aoʻao hoʻomana. Nā Pahuhopu a me na kumu no ka hoao ana hilinaʻi nui ma ka mōʻaukala ana.

Ka hui ana, a me ka confederation: He aha ka mea like?

Pinepine keia palapala o ka 'ona equate i Confederation. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ia' ike nei i pololei.

Mua, i ka hoao ana hiki wale ana me ke komo ana o monarchical Hawaii. 'O kēia ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona. Like no ka Confederation, i loko o ia o ka hui ana ke komo 'a me ka republican moku'āina me ka ho okumu.

Ke ola ana o ka hoao ana koi kokoke kālai'āina a me ka hoʻokele waiwai alu like 'ana. 'Aʻole pono ka hui ana aelike. I ole ia, i ke kahua a me ka Confederation. Ma ke 'eʻe i ka' aelike, kona mau lala i ai i kekahi i kekahi i kekahi mau nā kumu'āi'ē. Union lālā mai i lilo aku i ko lakou kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana. Single lula Monarch multiplies kona mana. Ma hope iho o ka hōʻailona o ka hoao ana ia mea i ka mea nana i hali ana i nā pono mō'ī o kēlā me kēia aupuni i loko o ka Union.

An nui hapa o ka loio i ke ano o ka wehe 'kekahi confederation aelike - i ke ola ana o ka aelike ana me ka palapala ae kuleana. Kēia e hōʻoia 'ke kuʻikahi, kālai'āina. A hui ana - o ke kaiāulu i hiki ke manao me ka aelike.

An pono pili i ka hana ana o hostilities ma waena o na aoao a hiki i ka 'aelike. hiki ole kaua Nā Aupuni Lālā a me ka hoao ana i kekahi i kekahi, e like me ke Kiaaina - he hoʻokahi, no laila, e hai kaua i loko o ka Union, ka mea, ua koiia e hoouka ma luna iho.

Pili aupuni a me ka dynastic hui like

Mōʻaukala ike nui na hihia a pau, i ka hopena o ia mau kālepa. Kekahi o ka mea mua a me ka ike nui - Krevo hui ana. Lithuania a Poland, he mau 'aoʻao i ka aelike. Like nui no hoi na uniona kālepa, ua hōʻailonaʻia kēia e dynastic ka mare, a manao ka Polish Queen Jadwiga a me Lituania Grand Duke Jagiello.

Union i ka 1385, kakau inoa i loko o ka pā kaua Kreva, e kekahi mau loli i ka mea nā 'oihana'āina.

Nā kumu no oia i kuikahi - ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o nā'āina, a me ka manaʻo koikoi ka lawe 'ana ma luna o lākou, mai waho: ma ka Teutonic Papa, Muscovy, ke Gula iā Goga. Mua Krevsk Union Lithuania eʻe kekahi mau 'aelike ai me Moscow ka luna, a me ka Teutonic Naita, ka mea i he nui hopena ma luna o ka papa o nā hanana, akā, ua i hoʻokō.

Ke pā like ana o ka aelike i loko o Krevo

E like me ke kuikahi, Jagiello lilo ke alii o Poland. Ua auhau ia lakou i ma luna ona i ka helu o ka paʻa ma:

• Ke hou kia'āina ua koiia e kamaʻilio ma Lakina Lithuania.
• Jagiello ua e uku i ke Duke o Austria Wilhelm uku no ka naha ana o ka mare ana aelike, e like me a ma ka la mahope, i, e lawe i kana wahine Jadwiga.
• Ma Lithuania, ka mea, ua pono i ka hoʻolauna Catholicism.
• Jagiello i e hoʻi i ka aina o ka Poland kahiko a me Rusia, e kukulu i ke aupuni. Union o Lituania a me Polish ka pilikia mai ia ia, e hoomahuahua i ka helu o ka poe pio.

Aloha kau, Jagiello lilo luna o ka 'amelika Lithuania, a Poland, akā, noho kaawale koi pohō a'ōnaehana a me ka waihona kālā, kānāwai, i ka aoao rula, ua i ka mokuna, ua kaawale kaua no kēlā me kēia' aelike Member State. Krevo hui ulu nō keʻano kū'ē ma ka aoao o ke alii ko lakou o Lithuania, a me ka mea kahiko Rusia, aka, ua malama i ke kumu no ka Union o Lublin. I ka mokuna o Poland māhuahua.

Historical kāʻei kua o ka Lublin Union

makahiki he nui ma hope o ka hōʻailona o ka aelike i loko o Krevo he hoopaapaa ma waena o ka Lithuanians a me ka Polish gentry o ke kānāwai, a me ka nui o ke keiki i loko o ke aupuni. I ka hoea ana o ka aina ona i loli a me ke aeia no papa 'ole i loko o nā'āina. No ka mau Hawaii, he mau hiʻona o ka feudal ka papa: ka Polish gentry i homogeneous, a pau kona mau lala i ua hāʻawi i like nā pono kīvila, a me nā mea a pau oko ao i ua eliminated; Lituania magnates - polarize papa. Ma lalo o ka "auamo" pili i nāʻano o ka hanohano.

• Nui landowners (ʻo Baron), i ka mea he aneane kona palena kuleana a me na pomaikai. Lakou mea e malama i ka kūloko Aha - wale i ka pā hale o ka Luna Duke. Eia hou, ka mea, ke noho nui keia oihana i loko o ka moku'āina. Ma waho o ka nui ka nui o ka'āina i loko o lākou ka mana, e i nui me ke koe o ka hana.
• Small a me ka meakino landowners. Ka mea, i ole i ke kūlana politika a me ka-yeiiiie? Leverage, e like me ia ma ka pae mua (emi aina, hana kūpono). Eia hou, ka mea pinepine lilo i luahi o ka manaʻo'ālunu o nui tycoons, i kaukaʻi ma luna o lākou.

No ka kumu o ka fairness makewai (a nui ka mana a me ka ole), ka elele o ka lua o ka pūʻulu imi e hoʻokolokolo pono, a e hana e iaʻi iwaena o ka gentry.

Akā, no ka pilikia iʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i tycoons - na lunamakaainana o Poland a me Lithuania makemake ole iʻae like ma luna o na koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, e nā aina kūlana. Polish waiwai ua makau iho la o losing i ka aina o Lithuania, e like me ka rula ana iā Sigismund Augustus i ka hope Luna o ka Jagiellonian - loli o ka Mō'ī ano hiki i ke kaawale ana o kekahi mau panalāʻau.

E like me kaʻae Lithuanians a me ka auamo?

Ka Union o Lublin - ka mua berita ma waena o Poland a me Lithuania, i i ua akahele? Oaony me ke Kumukanawai hana. Ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo i ka incorporation o Lithuania i Poland. No ka lōʻihi manawa, he mau kūkā 'ana i manao iho e hoʻonā i kekahi discrepancies.

Backplane hui ana i ka 1569 i manao iho e e kakau inoa iloko o ka hoʻoilo o ka Polish-Lituania Seimas. ʻO ke kūkā 'he wahi pilikia, ia uaʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ai ke kuʻikahi. Ke kumu no ka ulia i ka Lituaniaʻaoʻao koi: ka poni ua e lawe wahi ma Vilnius, ke kiaaina, ua i koho wale mau Sejm a Lituania moku'āina poʻe kauwā a pau, e hoopaa wale i ka kūloko kamaaina. Poland hiki oleʻae ia mau koi. Eia hou, i ka Lithuanians pöʻino hana, haʻalele ka Sejm.

Akā, ka mea, ua koke e hoʻi a me ka hoʻomau ke kūkā '. He nui na kumu i kipaku Lithuania e imi kākoʻo i loko o ka maka o Poland:

• Ke aupuni ua lilo he nui iloko o ka Livonian ke Kaua.
• Ma ka moku'āina ua ulu'ōhumu mai me na landowners.
• Lithuania ua ma ke kaua ana me Muscovy, a i ole ma kaʻaoʻao ikaika loa.

I mea e koke "hoohuli mai" na Lithuanians, ke Polish ke aliʻi, a hoohuiia ka Volyn mokuna Podlaskie, a hooweliweli, e lawe aku i na pomaikai, mai na apostates. All houluulu hou i loko o Poland. Ke Lituaniaʻaoʻao i hoohiki ai, laulea i Sigismund Augustus. Hou, hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau ai no ka hōʻailona o ka hoao ana. Poland, ua kiʻekiʻe manaolana no keia aelike.

hōʻailona o ka 'aelike

ʻai Ua Keoni a kona hana i loko o June 1569 la, a ma ka lā mua o Iulai, i komo i ka berita. Lublin Union hai mai i ke kahua o ka hookahi moku'āina Rzeczpospolita. Ma hope o Lithuania a Poland ikaika aku pūlima i ka 'aelike. Ma hope o 3 mau lā, he 'aelike ua hou hookupaa iho la ia King.

Naʻe, i ka hookamaia o ka Union i ole ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia a pau, a me kaʻai hoʻi, noho no lakou. Kekahi wā i hoʻonā i loko o ka mahina ma hope o ka kūhelu hōʻailona a me ka hooiaio ana i ke kaʻina hana. ka pilikia o ka haawi aku o ka mana, hoʻokumu i kaʻai, ua wehe pilikiaʻana, a he mau keʻena. Ka Union Ua paa mea i hoʻomaka 'ana Krevsk aelike.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo o Union ma Lublin:

• Ka moku'āina E e he hookahi alii - ke alii ka mea makemake aku i kaʻai.
• Koi pohō a nenoaiu, ka Senate a me ka Sejm, ua pono i ka Polish a me Lituania nā panalāʻau e.
• Equalized ma ka pono o ka Polish a me ka Lituania gentry.
• Ua malamaia Lithuania kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka statehood - Print, kapa o na mea kaua, o ka poe koa, a me ka hooponopono.

Hopena o Lublin aelike

Lithuanians e hoʻokele i ka mālama 'ana i kā lākou'ōlelo, loio'ōnaehana a me ka helu o nā hiʻona o ka statehood. Poland i hooikaika mai, a māhuahua i ka nui o ka hopena wahi. Rzeczpospolita mau kenekulia i Ua he ikaika hoa paio ma luna o ka honua ke kahua. Eia hou, ka mea, ua hiki i ka hohola Catholicism a me ka Polish e ho okumu i ka nohona kaiaulu.

Noke kuhikuhi mai la lakou a pau i ke anoe o ka bureaucratic i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a he hoomahuahua i ka palaho. Ke koho ana o ke alii spawnedʻeleu paio i loko o ka Sejm, a no ka kenekulia i alakai ai i ka'opi o Rzeczpospolita.

Noke kāna moʻolelo ka hapanui maopopo hoikeia mai i loko o kaʻoihana mea. Ma ka heluna o Lithuania ua i hiki i ko lakou manaoio, e koho - Catholicism i kau aneane limanui aku. Kristiano i papaia. Hui mau hoa paio, he "mawaho o ke kānāwai" - ka mea i nele i nā mea a pau kuleana, hoomaau. Ma ka Ukrainian ?? eoi? I mea ma lalo o ka mana o ka mokuaina, hoomaka ae la e ka nuʻu mua fraternal kula.

I ka Ia manawa, equalized ma ka pono o ke aliʻi, i lawe mai nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka kālai'āina, kau a me ka hoʻokele waiwai spheres. No laila, i ka ona o ka Lublin Union,ʻaʻole hiki ke auhauia unambiguously.

ekalesia 'aelike

I ka moolelo o Kristiano mea replete me ka hoao ana i ka pono o ka hoomana, e hoʻihoʻi mai. Ke hoole i mea like me ka hopena o ka mahae i ka 1054 i hana Catholicism a me Orthodoxy. Ka mea, lilo hoʻokaʻawale lala o Kristiano. 'ē aʻe -ʻaneʻane i ka ia manawa ka mua ua ho'āʻoʻia ka i hui.

Catholicism a Orthodoxy i kekahi mau mooolelo a me rituals. 'Ae' ana hiki ole hiki. Ke kumu nui - hoʻokō 'ole' e hooko Orthodox Pope. hiki ole Kakolikaʻae i nā kūlana i imua ma ka ia nei hoa paio: Orthodox Pope ninau aku i ka rejection o ka noho aliʻi i loko o ka ekalesia luna kiʻekiʻe.

Over o ka makahiki, i ka Orthodox hoʻonāwaliwali, a pono i ke kākoʻo o Catholicism i loko o ke kaua ana i ka mau olelo hooweliweli. I ka 1274 Lyons i kakauinoa ia ka 'aelike no ka pono paio e ku ei ka Tatar-Mongols, a ma 1439 - ka Union o Florence. I keia manawa, o ka hoao ana ua ku e ke Kauai. Mau ae like ana, ua pōkole-ola, akā, no ka "neʻe no ka hui ana" ua loaa hou, a nui kânaka.

Kāʻei kua Brest Union

Brest hui ana - i ka berita a haawi ala i ka hou denomination a me na kenekulia o ka hoopaapaa.

Ma ka XVI kenekulia ka Orthodox Church ua pono,ʻaʻole he kumu hoʻohālike o ka pono a me ka spirituality - kona hele ana ma ka nui hoʻoponopono ulia. Ke muli o ka moolelo o ka patronage, i ka wa nae o ka luakini i ka waiwai magnate haipule, i lawe mai ai i loko o ka hoʻomana, he nui naita ma hiʻona. Ma ka hihia o ka ekalesia, keakea e like burgers. Ua pili ia i ka hoahanau - hoʻokiwikā a papa hana e loaʻa ai ka pono a hiki i ka pāʻana i poe kahu. Ka ekalesia lilo kona keiki a me ka mahaloia e hoopakele ae i na pono o ka manaoio.

Uniate neʻeʻana i laila, ma muli o ka ho'ā hope o ka Jesuits ma Poland. Ikeia polemical hāʻina o nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka pomaikai o ka hoao ana. Nā kākau he hai a me ka poe akeakamai - Benedict Gerbest Peter Skarga, a he nui na mea e ae.

Uniatesʻoi loa ma hope o ka " 'alemanaka mihi" Gregory XIII - like me ka hopena o ka haipule icai o ka Orthodox a Kakolika diverged ma manawa. Ua infringed i ka pono o ka Orthodox heluna kanaka, e noho ana i loko o ka palena o ka mokuaina.

E like me ka hopena o ka hoʻohui pūʻia hopena o kēia mau kumumea i kakauinoaia e Union o Brest.

Ke o Mānoa, no ka 'aelike

I ka 1590 i ka ekalesia Ahaolelo Lahui i paʻa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Belz. He manao me ka hoopii i ka hoao ana i ka Gideona Balaban. Kona Initiative Ua kākoʻo 'ia e na mea he nui i poe kahu. Ma hope o 5 makahiki, i ka pono no ka hoao ana ike i ka Pope.

Beresteis'ka hui ana ua ia e kakau i ka 1596. Akā, i ka hakaka pohaku. Ka Ahaolelo Lahui, i halawai no ka hōʻailona o ka aelike, Wāwahi. Kekahi o na kânaka he Orthodox, ka mea 'ē aʻe - ka Uniates. Ka e hina ai hoi i ka i ka hoolohe i ka Pope e pono ai. Ma ka hopena, i ka hoao ana i kakauinoaia wale kekahi hapa o ka ohi. Ka Orthodox clergy i ike i ka hui ana. I ka hōʻailona o ka berita i wahi ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Kauhalenui Mikhail Rogoza.

Hua'ōlelo a me nā kumu:

• Uniates ike i ka hoolohe i ka Pope.
• Nā clergy i ka pono me ka Hui ekalesia luna kiʻekiʻe.
• Articles o ka manaoio - Hui, rituals - ka Orthodox.

Ke'ī mai, i ka hopena o ka ho'āʻo 'ana e hui pu iho la ua lilo kekahi i oi aku mahae. Ma ke kumu o Orthodoxy a me Catholicism i kekahi manaoio. Ano, Uniatism i hookauia iho e ka poe ikaika no lakou - Orthodox pau i loko o kekahi iʻoi aku ma mua o nā hana mua Beresteis'ka (Brest) aelike.

Eia hui: hui ana - he unifying ololi, akā, e like me ka hoike ma ka mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo mea i mau hele aku la i ka hui ana i ka pono o nā 'aoʻao' oihana.