Vasily Chapayev: he pōkole Kawaihae a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo. Chapaev Vasiliy Ivanovich: hana hoihoi nā lā a me ka 'ike

Hânau 'ia Vasily Chapaev February 9, 1887 ma ka liʻiliʻi kauhale Budayka, ma ka mokuna o ka Kazan aina. I kēia lā i kēia wahi mea i kekahi hapa o Cheboksary - ke kapikala o Chuvashia. By me Kinohi Chapaev ua Lūkini - ia hoike no ke ono o ka keiki i loko o ka nui kua'āina ohana. A lohe o Basil ua manawa e aʻo, hoʻoneʻe kona mau mākua i Balakovo (Saratov māhele ke kālā, a laila, - Samara'āina a pau).

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Ua hoounaia mai i ke kula ke keiki, i haawi ai i ka parishes. Kona makua kāne i makemake ai ia ia e lilo i kahuna Basil. Naʻe, i ka hope ola o kana keiki, he mea e hana ana me ka ekalesia. I ka makahiki 1908, ua koho 'i loko o ke kaua Vasily Chapaev. He Ua hoouna mai ai i ke Ukraine ma Kiev. No kekahi kumu, na koa, hoi aku la a hiki i ke koena ma mua o ka pau ana o ka hana ke ola.

White mau kiko biographies o kaulana hoʻokahuli aupuni e pili ana i ka banal nele o ka palapala hōʻoia. Ma Soviet historiography ka mea, ua hala aku ka kūhelu nānā mea i i maoli keʻehi mai Vasily Chapayev o ke kaua, no o kona manao. Akā, he mea ole Documentary hōʻike no kēia kumumanaʻo mea nō ole.

Ka First World War

Ma peacetime, Vasily Chapaev hana me ke kamana, a noho iho la ia me kona ohana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Dimitrovgrad. I ka 1914 i ka First World War, a me ka poe koa i loko o ke kumukūʻai Ua koho hou i loko o ka imperial kaua. Chapaev ua i loko o ka 82nd Infantry Māhele, kaua aku la na Austrians a me kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma Galicia a me Volyn. Ma ka mua,ʻo ia loaa ka George kea, poino a me ka inoa o ke kula kiʻekiʻe 'non-Komikina'Āina luna.

Aie i ka holo pono o ka hope Chapayeva hoouna mai i ka haukapila ma Saratov. Aia Makai o aloha mai i ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana. Ola, Vasili hoʻoholo ihola e hui i ka Bolsheviks, a loaa iho la ia September 28, 1917. Kona koa tālena a me nā mākau i aku la ia ia i ka maikaʻi'ōlelo aʻo i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka hoʻokokokeʻana Kanawai War.

Ma ka Red Army

I ka pau ana o 1917 Chapaev Vasiliy Ivanovich i hoonohoia luna o ka caiiaaaieea regiment hoʻonohoʻia ma Nikolaevsk. I keia la, i ke kulanakauhale, ua ike like Pugachev. Ka manawa mua i ka mua luna o ka tsarist koa i hoʻonohonoho 'ia kūloko Red poe kiai, ka Bolsheviks hookupaa hookahi, he ma ka mana. Mua, wale 35 kanaka a pau i loko o kona mau aoao. I ka Bolsheviks hui i ka poe ilihune, mahiʻai, Miller, a no laila, ma luna o .. Ma Ianuali 1918 kaua Chapayevites me kaiakū puupuu lima, i hauʻoli ma ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka paukū la, a nui ke aloha i ka pono ka paipai 'a me ka hakakā lanakila.

Kēia koa ho okumu loa koke haʻalele i ka ohana Barracks, a hele i ke kaua me ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko. Eia, ma ka haahaa ino i o ka Volga hoʻomōhala i ke kūpono 'koa o General Kaledin. Chapayev Vasily Ivanovich i kuleana i loko o ke kai eʻe e kū'ē i ka luna o ka White neʻeʻana. Key kauaʻia ihola kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Tsaritsyn, a ma ia manawa ua hoi ka hoʻokuhikuhi o ka aoao, Stalin.

Pugachev hui

Ma hope o Kaledin kūpono 'bogged ia, Kawaihae Chapaeva Vasiliya Ivanovicha i ua hoʻopili i ka hikina mai Front. Ma ke kupulau o 1918, ka Bolsheviks uumi wale na Europa hapa o Rusia (a hiki laila, i nā mea a pau). Ma ka hikina, mai ke kae hema o ka Volga, noho iho keʻokeʻo mana.

Most Chapaev kaua me ka People ka Army Komuch a me ka Czech mau pūʻali. May 25, ua hoʻoholo i Kapa hou i kona subordinate i ka Red kiai regiment kapaʻia ma hope o Stepan Razin a me Pugachev Regiment ka aoao. ua lilo New inoa i maopopo nä haumäna i ka kaulana alakaʻi o ka hanohano uprisings i loko o ka Volga'āina i loko o ka XVII a me ka XVIII kenekulia. Penei, Chapaev eloquently nō i ka Bolshevik kākoʻo pale aku i ka pono o ka lalo strata o ka heluna kanaka o ka aina i ke kaua, - na kauwa a me ka hana. August 21, 1918 i ka poʻe kaua ousted ia ia, mai Nikolaevsk Czechoslovak mau pūʻali. A uuku hope (i loko o November) Head Pugachevskaya Brigade hoʻoili i ka renaming o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o Pugachev.

Hakakā me Czechoslovak mau pūʻali

Chapayevites kauwela no ka manawa mua loa iʻikeʻia ma luna o ka outskirts o Uralsk, noho ana i ka White Czechs. A laila, i ka Red kiai i ke emi hope ma muli o ka nele i ka ai a me ka mea kaua. Akā, ma hope o ka pomaikai o Nikolaevsk ma ka papa huli umi pio mīkini pū, a he nui loa nā pono keia mau mea koi i ka waiwai. Me keia mea maikai Chapayevites hele i ke kaua me ka People ka Army Komuch.

11 na tausani i makaukau kākoʻo o ka White neʻeʻana, hoohiolo lakou i ka Volga ma ka mea e hui pu iho la me ka poe koa o ka Cossack Ataman Krasnov. Reds i ka hapalua manawa emi. 'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akulaʻo ia huliāmahi i hoohalikeia i na mea kaua. Naʻe, ua nahā i i i pau Pugachev huiʻoluʻolu, a hoopuehu i ka enemi. I loko o ia riskyʻoki kino Kawaihae Chapaeva Vasiliya Ivanovicha la ia mea a hiki i nā mea a pau i ka Volga māhele 'āina. mahalo i ka Soviet propaganda, i kona inoaʻikeʻia, a ma ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo ma ka pau aina. Naʻe, ka mea, hiki mai ma hope o ka make ana o ka mea kaulana māhele luna koa.

i Moscow

Ma ka haule ana o ka 1918 Halau o ka General Staff o ka Red Army maliu mai i nā haumāna mua. Mawaena o lakou ua Chapaev Vasiliy Ivanovich. ua piha i nā'ēheu kēia'ēheu o nā kaua pōkole Kawaihae o keia kanaka. He ua kuleana no he wahi lihi iki o ke kanaka subordinate lakou iho.

I ka mea ia manawa, aole ana olelo hoʻonaʻauao. Kona pomaikai ma ka Red Army CHapaev loaʻa i ke aloha i kona kinoʻole a me ka charisma. Akā,'ānō, e ka manawa, e hoʻokō 'ia i ka hana ana i loko o ka Academy o ka General Staff no ia.

kiʻi Chapaeva

Ke kula mahele luna ku i ka mea e ae, ma ka kekahi lima, prytkost i kona naau, a ma ka 'ē aʻe - naaupo o ka walaʻauʻana o ka hoonaauao kūʻiʻo. No ka laʻana, he ike mōʻaukala Ka Honua Nei, a hākālia nō i Chapaev hiki ole hōʻike ma ka palapala ma ka London, a River Seine, e like me ia i wale i ka hāʻuleʻana o ko lākou mau ola. Paha keia mea he exaggeration, e like na mea a pau i ka mea i pili i ka nā kaʻao o kekahi o ka loa kaʻao aka wale o ke Kanawai War, akā, he paakiki i ka hoole ana i ke poʻo o ka mahele Pugachev ua typical o ka lalo papa, a, nae, ua wale e hele e pono ai i kona kiʻi ma waena o n.

O ka papa, i ka hope maluhia Moscow ua mae wale no laila, hana mikiʻala, a i ole makemake i ka noho malie ana kanaka e like Chapayev Vasily Ivanovich. Hoopoina koke ana hoʻopau o tactical illiteracy hiki i hoonele ia i ke aloha i ka mahele luna wahi ma ke alo wale. Kekahi mau manawa, i palapala mai ai i ka ke keʻena luna me ka noi, e hookaawale ia ia i loko o ka manoanoa o ka mea. Ia manawa, i loko o Feberuari 1919 ma ka hikina mai Front i kekahi aggravation pili me ka ee-kūpono 'o Kolchak. I ka hopena o ka hooilo Chapaev hope, hele aku hoʻi i kona poe oiwi kaua.

Hou ma luna o ke alo

I ka luna o ka 4th Army Mikhail Frunze Chapayeva waeia i alii o ka 25th Māhele, ka mea ana i kauoha mai ai a hiki i kona make ana. No ka eono mahina i kēia kahua, heʻano nui o proletarian Hokoana, e paa ana ia ōlaʻi i o tactical ana e ku e keʻokeʻo. He 'aneʻi i ka loa Chapaev wehe like me ka oihana alakaʻi. Ma ka 25th Māhele, oia la ia mea ma ke aupuni i ke aloha i kona ahi olelo i loko o ke alo o ka poe koa. Ka mahele luna koa mau ua mau neotryvayas mai kona mau subordinates. He mea oi loa akaka pilialoha ano o ka War Kanawai, a laila, ua hoonani aku la ia i loko o ka Soviet moʻokalaleo.

Vasily Chapaev, kona Kawaihae ua haiia mai no ia me he typical kanaka o na nā paʻi hua, a hoomanao iho la o kā lākou mamo i ko lakou unbreakable hoopaa me ka loa kanaka i loko o ke kanaka o ke 'lii a me ka waihona o ka Red Army mea kaua i loko o ka Volga a Ural steppes.

tactician

E like me ka tactic CHapaev E ke Kumu mau 'ana i kūpono i ka mea ana i hoʻohana i ka mahele o ka hele ana a hiki i ka hikina. A ano hiʻona ua ia mea hoʻohana ma ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka Ally naehana. Chapayevites mau noho ihola ma ka mua. A nakinaki lākou i ka kūpono ', a me ka pinepine pau aku i kaʻenemi ma luna o lākou iho. About Basil Chapaeva ka mea, ua ike ia ua make pinepine io i na nā kaʻa mokulele o kaʻoihana kaʻa. Kona papa kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka māmā a me ka hoʻoneʻe. White pinepine mai i mālama mai i kona neʻe, a hiki ina ka mea, makemake e counterattack.

mau mālama Chapaev ma kekahi o nā pūhaka o ka pela i hoomakaukau pūʻulu, i ua e hana i kekahi kuleana loa i loko o ke kaua. Me kēiaʻoihana kaʻa, ke Army Red kai chaos i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka enemi, a ua hoʻopuniʻia e kona mau enemi. E like me ka kaua wela kona huhūʻano nui i loko o ka hehi ciia, mau i na koa makahiki no kaʻoihana kaʻa. I kekahi manawa e lawe paakiki ano, akā, Chapayevites manawa laki. Eia hou kekahi, i ko lakou wiwo ole hoʻolauna mau hoa i ka screeching oopa aku.

Ufa hana

Chapayev aole hana UAAIIeIA. Ma ka waena o ke kaua,ʻo ia ke hāʻawi mai i ka loa unexpected mea, i huli mai i ka papa o nā hanana i lalo ke alo. No ka laʻana, ma May 1919, iloko o clashes kokoke Bugulma, papa koa i hoʻoili hoouka ma ka palahalaha alo, hoʻowahāwahā i ka riskiness o ia i kaʻoihana kaʻa.

Relentlessly ka hikina neʻe maila Vasily Chapaev. Pōkole Kawaihae o ka alihi kaua a me kekahi mau 'ike e pili ana i ka pomaikai o ka Ufa hana, i ka wa i lawe pio ia e ka wā e hiki mai kapikala o Bashkiria. Night Ua boosted White River ma June 8, 1919. Ano, Ufa lilo ka springboard no ka hou mua o ka Red hikina.

Mai Chapayevites noho ma ke alo o ke kaua, ka mea mua i kela kapa o ka White, lakou nae i loaʻa hoʻi iaʻu ma ia lakou iho hoopuniia. Mahele luna koa iā ia iho i eha ma ke poo, akā, hoomau iho la oia i ke kauoha, i 'ana i waena o kona mau koa. Next ia ia, ua Mikhail Frunze. Ma ke kaua awaawa, i ka Army Red hooauheeia alanui ma ke alanui. Ua Ua manaoio aku i laila, ua hoʻoholo ihola White e uhai i ka ia nei hoa paio ai-kapaia psychic hoouka. Kēia Episode ua i ke kumu no kekahi o na ike weliweli loa kaulana o ka cult o ka hōʻike "Chapaev".

make

No ka mea lanakila ma Ufa Vasily Chapaev ia i loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Red Banner. I ke kauwela,ʻo ia a me kona papa ua e paku ana i ka hoʻokokoke mai i ka Volga. Ka mahele luna koa i kekahi o ka Bolshevik mua loaa i loko o Samara. A me kāna mau kauoha komo ana o ke kulanakauhale strategically nui i loko pono'ī, a huikala nō hoʻi lākou mai ka Czechs.

Ma ke kakahiaka Akuma ka Chapaev ua ma luna o ka Ural River. 5 September, oiai ma Lbischenske pu me kona kookoo,ʻo ia a me kona papa, waiho wale aku i unexpected kaua o keʻokeʻo Cossacks. Ua ua i ka wiwo ole kaua hohonu enemi, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma General Nikolai Borodin. Ke kumu o ke kaua i pili kēia iho Chapaev, ka mea i lilo i ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi headache no White. Ma ke kaua o ka hookuku kaua, ka papa koa i make.

No ka mea Soviet moʻomeheu a me ka propaganda Chapaev ua kū hoʻokahi no he kaulana külana. Ka haku o ua kiʻi i ka ho film Vasilyev hoahanau, aloha me Stalin. I ka 1974,, i huli ai ka hale i loko o a Chapaev Vasiliy Ivanovich i hānau i loko o kona iau. Ka inoa o ka papa koa i kapaʻia lehulehu localities.