Vitebsk māhele: mea makau, mōʻaukala a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Vitebsk māhele o kekahi hapa o Belarus. Kona hoʻomalu waena o ke kulanakauhale o Vitebsk, kokoke i kahe ka muliwai Zapadnaya Dvina , a Vitba.

manawa a ko na'lii,

Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i loko o ka Stone Age ma ka ?? eoi? O Vitebsk māhele ke noho mākou loa mamao kūpuna. Ke ao hōʻike 'kahua o primitive kanaka i haawi mai ai ala, e olelo aku i ka mea no ana i ke keleawe a me Iron Age.

Ma ka "nui o Bygone Nam" 'aoʻao o ka chronicle kaulana, i ua hakuʻia i loko o 862, e haawiia keia i ka na'lii o Polotsk ma wahi i kēia lā i loko o Vitebsk. Ka loa mua Prince o ka Most kahiko ia kenekoa pa alima i loko o ia māhele ua Prince Rogvolod, a me ke kūlana ia i ka hoʻomalu konu o Polotsk. I kēia lā Vitebsk māhele 'āina, i ka mea makau a mākou wehewehe ana ma ka pauku, e nana, o ka papa, he okoa.

Ma ka huli ana o ka XIII-XIV kenekulia, e hoomaka i ka kokololio kaʻina o? Acaeoey o ka wahi, ma ka olelo o ka oihana a me ka moʻomeheu. Ua i loko o ka XVI kenekulia. ka palena o ka Orthodox monasteries a me na luakini o na kula mua wehe. Nui, moʻolelo loa hana hoihoi Vitebsk māhele 'āina - nā mea makau a pau e noho nei, he mea hiki ole ke ike i ka lā hoʻokahi.

Aey? Acaeoey mai ka XVI kenekulia

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XVI kenekulia. ma Europa, e ho onui ana ka ikaika Polish aupuni, a ma hope o merging me ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania hoʻokumuʻia ka Polish-Lituania mokuaina. Akomi hoʻololi o ka mana i ka hoʻomaka o ka XVII kenekulia. a me Vitebsk aina, a me nā mea a pau i ka hopena. Ke Hoʻohaku kulana o ka Hui manaoio, hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ana o ka ekalesia Dominican, o ka paa o Jesuit College a me Bernardine hoailona kai. Ma ke ala, i kēia lā nō ka mea, - i ka papa kuhikuhiE Hawaii o ka Vitebsk māhele.

I ka 1866, he lala alahao mai aeto la a hiki i Riga a me ke kapikala kulanakauhale elua o ka Russian aupuni a pau, e like me ka pono me Kiev a me Brest, komo pū i loko o kona haku mele 'ana o Vitebsk. A ma ka 1914, Vitebsk - he nui wahi o ke kulanakauhale me ka luawai-ulu hana. Ma mua o ke kipi i loko o 1917 a hiki i ka likeʻole? Iecaianoaaiiuo ioauoa o ke kūlanakauhale hana no ka aneane 8% o ka 109.000 kanaka e noho ana i loko o laila.

I ka wā mai o Ianuari a hiki i April 1919 Poland i ka lanakila o ke kaua kūloko ma ka ?? eoi? Ee, hoopoho iho i loko o oblivion, o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a noho kekahi hapa o ka aina o Belarus pu me ka papa kapikala o Minsk. Eia naʻe, Vitebsk aina i koe i loko o ka Soviet Rusia.

Hoikehonua, Vitebsk māhele 'āina

Vitebsk oblast Education hina ma ka waena January 1938 A July 11, 1941 ma ka Vitebsk, ua Kelemānia koa alanui. Iloko o na makahiki kaua o kēia kanaka Kelemānia kokoke ihola ia luku nui kūlanakauhale.

Hoikehonua, Vitebsk māhele mea kaulana no kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o? Acaeoey o ka hana a me ka mahiai. Ke kūloko mana paipai 'ana i ke mele Kuʻu, hoʻoili a me ka moʻomeheu hanana'ē aʻe. Me ka inoa o ka 'āina'-oaio? A ua pili i ke kaulana "Slavic Bazaar". No laila, Vitebsk māhele 'āina, i ka mea makau a mākou e noonoo, ka mea i pakele e noonoo a me ka nohona mawaena konu o ka aina.

Kekahi mau hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo e pili ana i ka Vitebsk oblast

Ka uuku kulanakauhale o ka wahi o Disna, i kahi ma luna o ka muliwai o ka ia inoa. Mai 1921 a hiki i 1939 i ke kūlanakauhale i manaoia kekahi hapa o Poland. A mai 1959 ka mea loaʻa iā ia kekahi konaʻikena kūlana - Disna (Vitebsk māhele 'āina). Hawaii ia mea he like. Iauaeoia oo? Ecia e kipa iʻaneʻi:

• haukapila (e hoomaka ana XX ma.) - wahi e pili ana;
• Site o kahiko hale kākela (XVI-XVII kenekulia.);
• waiwai "Doroshkovichi";
• Alahouana Church.

Mau kanaka ike i ke kumu o ka'āina puke A. S. Pushkina "Dubrovsky" i mālama ai i ka hanana i i wahi a pau i loko o ka hookahi Vitebsk. I ka manaʻo o ka mea kaulana Lūkini kākau moʻolelo a me ka haku mele i hooeueuia e kona hoa maikaʻi Naschokinym P. V. Vitebsk Pushkin i ka wā, i ka makahiki 1823, i ke kuhikuhi ana i ka 13-malama olua i Odessa. A i mea laʻa i kēia hanana i kekahi o na mea makau a Vitebsk māhele.

He mea maopopo loa, mai Paris hoomaka ae la e hele ma Europa, pakebona, pakebona. A Vitebsk, mezhdk ala, i ka inoa e pili ana i ka lua o ka kapikala o ka oe ao ao. Eia naʻe, i kēia mea, ua lohe mau.

I kēia lā Vitebsk hiki e haʻaheo o ka helu nui o nā mea o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu waiwai. Aia he 219 kia hoʻomanaʻo i,ʻewalu mea i ka mōʻaukala a me eono - i ka archeology. Ua waiwai i loko o ka wa kahiko hale Vitebsk māhele 'āina. Huakaʻi hiki ia he lōʻihi manawa e nana ana, e hoolohe ana i ka hana hoihoi nā moʻolelo o ka i nā kanaka a me ka makapo.

Poʻokela Personalities o Vitebsk māhele

Vitebsk Ua hanau a hoala Mark Shagal. ia i lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi makahiki ma Pokrovskaya alanui. Ma o ka hale, kahi a ka 'ohana e noho ana i ka pena kaulana o ka wā e hiki mai, e mea he iau. All ikamu i loko o ka hale, i ua e hana me kaʻike hoʻokumu Chagall, ua manawa hōʻike i loko o ka iau i ho'āʻoʻia.

E like me ka palapala archival i ka 1896 i ka Farani Fernand Guillen ma ke kumu o ka papapau pu na aelike me ke kulanakauhale aupuni, Ho'āʻo e kūkulu i kekahi ala no ka pila trams. Manawa a hiki i kēia mea mau makahiki ma hope, i ke kulanakauhale cruised, ua hana ano o ka lehulehu amo. Museum o ka moolelo e mālama ana i ka hoomanao ana o ka hanana hanana - ka mua tram, a ua manaoia i ka haaheo o Vitebsk.

Ma July 1895, ua he noho ana o Vitebsk Drevnitskoy Om hiki ke ana i uka i ka parachute, no laila, ua lilo iho kaulana, e lilo ana ka mua wahine parachutist.

I ke kakahiaka nui 80-ies o XIX kenekulia. Vitebsk mea paʻi Sigizmundu Yurkovskomu hele mai me ka maikaʻi loa manaʻo - e iai? Oaiaaou kekahi manawa pahupaʻiwikiō hoʻopau. Kēia i io he kipi i loko o ka mahinaʻai o nā kiʻi.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi wartime

Ke kaua i koe i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Vitebsk māhele 'āina a me ka indelible mark. No laila, 3 mahina Vitebsk ua ma Napoleon ka poe koa e ku ciia i ke Kaua o 1812 kiaaina ka Palace, a ma ia manawa ua ma luna o ka mea mahuʻi Hill, Napoleon koho e waiho koa ke keʻena luna. Ma keia kulanakauhale Hawaiian o ka Palani Auguseto August 3 i, e hoʻolauleʻa i kona aʻe lā hānau.

Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic Kaua no Vitebsk i kekahi o ka toughest. Ua aneane e luku i nā hale a pau (93%) a me 167 tausani kanaka o ka ola ua 118. wale naʻe, ma hope o ka pio ana o ka Nazi komohewa i hoomaka ai e kūkulu hou i ke kulanakauhale.

Koa kia hoʻomanaʻo i mea kaulana Vitsebsk māhele 'āina - nā mea makau, i hiki ole haʻalele kekahi indifferent.

Ili Repina Museum, a me ka Hagia Sophia

Ma 16 ei mai Vitebsk mea he iau-waiwai o ka Ili Repina "Zdravnevo". A 1892 ka Manor i kapaia Sofievka. Ua kuai iho la i ka artist peredvzhnik ma haawina i loaa mai ma hope o ke kuai ana o ka Emperor Alexander III ka kaulana pena, a depicts he loa compilation Zaporozhye Cossacks kākau i ka pane i ka Turkish Suletana. Ma keia Manor Ilya Repin i hooeueuia lakou e hana hou aku ma mua o 40 o kona mau masterpieces, a me "Moonlight", "Akuma ka pōkē pua", "Sun" a me na mea e ae.

A ma ke alanui o ka Lime lāʻau, a kau i ka artist, nō i ka manawa e hele i ka aina malihini.

Polotsk mawaho o ka Castle o St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui (Sophia a me ka Uhane naauao), hoomaluia ma UNESCO. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka wā i na luakini o Orthodoxy, ko Belarus ua manaoia e ia i ka luakini mua i kūkulu o ka pohaku. Ka hola i loko o XI. Vseslav kupua paha kauoha ia e kūkulu i ka luakini, symbolizing i ka mana o Polotsk. Ke prototype i mālama ai i ka papa kiʻekiʻe nei o ke kapikala o ke Byzantine aupuni a pau.

City Deep a me ka luakini i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Lepel

A nani kulanakauhale Deep (Vitebsk māhele) ua ke aupuni '187 ei mai Vitebsk. Hawaii o ka wahi, e hoopii i ka mea nana e Nui ka mahalo 'kahiko hale:

• Mill (1911);
• No Karemela hoailona (XVII-XIX c.);
• Hale Pule Nui o ka hānauʻana o ka mea i hoomaikaiia Virgin Mary (1639-1654 g);
• St. Trinity Church (1628).

Pela hoi, aole i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, aia no elime o ic ??. Iauaeoia oo? Ecia e kipa, a Gluboksky mōʻaukala a me ka yoiia? Iau.

A me connoisseurs o ka maha i e ike i Hawaii Lepel (Vitebsk māhele)

• Chapel o St. George (1900);
• Chapel-nadmogile (XIX ma.);
• Church o St. Paraskeva (1841-1844 g);
• Church o St. Casimir (1857-1876 g).

Kēia kūlanakauhale Ua aia ma luna o ka Vitebsk i ka mamao o 110 ei. I ka'āina Ua hoʻomaka koke ka ulu '- i, ua kūkuluʻia nā mea a pau hou hale, nā kula a me nā kindergartens.

Nani loa maoli waihona ńina ka

Republican panorama hookoe "Yelnya", Aia i loko o ka Miory'āina, kaulana no kahiko mauʻaʻei o ic ?? a me ka pohopoho o, ma o ka contemplation o i ka oo? Enonei-? Mea breathtaking. Ke kahiko (ia i ua ole e emi malalo o 9000 makahiki) piholo maila i kapaia o "Yelnya" He 20 tausani. Aa.

I ka Akuma ka paapu mai iʻaneʻi i ka nui loa oho nā manuʻioʻio a me geese. Local wahi, ua nui loa kona waiwai i loko o cranberries. Ke berry mea i mahalo ia i loko o kona hanohano i kela makahiki, a hiki i ke kupaianaha? Aneeoʻoliʻoli.

Eia mea he papa inoa o ka maikai Hawaii ma ka Vitebsk'āina, a e ike kela oo? Enonei-? I kipa Belarus:

1. Hemolele mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui (Vitebsk).
2. Hagia Sophia (Polotsk).
3. Hall (Vitebsk).
4. Hawaiian Typography (Polotsk) Museum.
5. Kia hoʻomanaʻo i nā koa o ka Patriotic Kaua o 1812 (Polotsk).
6. Pushkinsky alahaka (Vitebsk).
7. Petero noho I (Polack).
8. Hale Pule Nui o ka hānauʻana o ka mea i hoomaikaiia Virgin Mary (Deep).
9. Traditional Culture Museum (Braslav).
10. I ka mea paipai manaʻo eiiieaena "Rylenki".

'O kēia ka palena iki papa inoa o ka mea pono o ka noonoo ana o na oo? Enonei-?.