Weldability o ke kila: Mea Maluna. weldability o ke kila pae

Steel - o ka papa kuhikuhiE mall mea. He he hao-kalapona oka a me ka maʻiʻo o like impurities. All eiiiiiaiou komo i loko o kona haku mele 'ana, ho ololi i ka waiwai o ka ingot. Kekahi o naʻanoʻenehana ano o ke hooheheeia o ka hiki, e lilo kiʻekiʻe-kbps welds.

Makaʻu hoomaopopo ana i ka weldability o ke kila

Ka loiloi 'ana o weldability o ke kila hua ma ka papa' inideka waiwai - kalapona like paha C _eq. Kēia conditional kaʻi lau waiwai hōʻikeʻana i ke degere o ka aoao o ka maʻiʻo o kalapona, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE alloying hehee wale i loko o ka weld ano.

Weldability o ke kila loli ana e ke kēia kumumea:

1. Ke o carbon maʻiʻo.
2. Ke alo aku o nā contaminants.
3. Ke degere o ka alloying.
4. View microstructure.
5. ? Aneie ana.
6. mea hiki ke hooheheeia mānoanoa.

Ka loa informative aiao o ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana.

steels Groupings weldability

Ua haawiia i kēia mau kumumea, ka weldability o ke kila mai kekahi mau 'ano.

Mea Maluna o steels no weldability.

• Good (i ka waiwai o ka C _eq ≥0,25%): no ka mea haʻahaʻa kalapona kila wahi; mea kūʻokoʻa o ka mānoanoa o ka huina hoonui, me ka malie, i ka loaʻa nui o ka hoomakaukau hana.
• Kupono (0.25% ≤S _eq ≤0,35%): loaʻa nā hoʻokau 'ana i ka papa kūlana a me ke anawaena o ka' ole ia e welded (ke ana wela i ka -5, ma ka malie malie, mānoanoa 20 mm).
• Hoana (0.35% ≤S _eq ≤0,45%): no ka ho okumu ana o ka pono weld pono ka mua 'ia. Ua ka poʻea pau i ka "pahee" ka austenitic hou, ke kahua o ka hale lio kanu'ōiwi (ferrite-pearlite, bainitic).
• Ilihune (P _eq ≥0,45%): ho okumu o mechanically ka pilina paʻa weld hiki ole me ka mua hoʻomākaukau wela metala kihi, e like me ka pono me ka hope wela lapaau o ka welded 'ole. E hana i ka makemake microstructure, hou hahana maoli nō kēia a me ka loli ka huʻihuʻiʻana.

weldability o ke kila Groups e ka mea oluolu e hoʻokele i kaʻanoʻenehana hiʻona ho'ākāka lama o kuʻihao hao-kalapona oka a pau.

wela lapaʻau

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pae e like me ka weldability o steels, aʻanoʻenehana ano, na ano o ka welded ami hiki e like ma ka mea o ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi ana wela ololi. Līkaia 4 kumu hana o ka wela lapaʻau: hoopaakiki, miko, annealing a me ka normalizing.

Ka loa, he pono ole i ka poe paakiki, a me ka hui no ka paakiki a me ka poʻe weld ikaika, stress maha ka noʻonoʻo, pale ńlua. hui degere hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea a me ka makemake ka waiwai.

Heat lapaʻau o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia hale i loko o ka hoomakaukau hana ua lawe mai:

• annealing - e höʻike aku aʻo nui i loko o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, kaulike kona palupalu a me ka pliability;
• mua enaena i mea e loa kń i ke ana wela like.

Good hoʻokele vliyaniemi ka mahana e leie aku oe i ka:

• e hoomakaukau hana'ikamu (e wehe i na aʻo nui ma ka wili i ka mānoanoa ko);
• emi ana wela gradients ma ka anu metala;
• hoʻoikaika ka pono o ka welded mea ma ka wela microstructure e hooponopono.

Puke noke Edit waiwai ma ka wela loli paha e kūloko a mau. kaʻe ua enaena ma ke kinoea a me ka pila lako a pan. E hoʻa'ā i ka hapa holoʻokoʻa a me ka kūikawā umu i hoʻohana ala apuupuu ka huʻihuʻiʻana.

Kanawai o Microstructure ma luna o ka waiwai

Ke pā like o ka wela iapaau ana keʻano o ka hanaʻana ma muli o ka mall loli 'loko o ka ingot a me ko lakou mau waiwai ma ka solidified metala. Penei, ka wā pii kai a hiki i ka wela o ka 727 C ia mea he poʻe'ē he palaoa austenitic 'ole. Anuanu iaoia e hoʻoholo i ka huli ana nā koho:

1. Loko o ka umu ahi (māmā 1s / min) - i hana pearlite 'ole me ka paakiki o ka ma kahi o 200 HB (Brinell paakiki).
2. I ka lewa (10 ° C / min) - sorbitol (ferritic-pearlitic palaoa) paakiki o ko 300 HB.
3. Oil (100 ° C / min) - troostite (ferrite-cementite microstructure), 400 HB.
4. Wai (1000˚S / min) - martensite: paa (600 HB), akā, fragile acicular 'ole.

Kuʻihao i huiia pono i lawa paakiki, ka ikaika, e like ai nā hoailona o ka ductility, nae martensitic weld ano mea e maliuia. Low kalapona oka a i ferritic, ferritic-pearlitic, ferritic-austenitic 'ole. Medium-a srednelegirovannye kila - pearlite. High-kalapona a kiʻekiʻe - martensitic paha troostite ana ia mea nui, e lawe mai i ka ferritic-austenitic manao.

Kuʻihao o ke kalapona steels

Weldability ua nānā 'ana i ka nui o ke kalapona steels a me kalapona impurities. e hiki e kuni i ka mea, haliu ae la ia i loko o ka gaseous palapala a me ka haawi ana haʻahaʻa a i weld porosity lakou. Luaipele a me ka phosphorus i kia ma na kihi o ka mānoanoa, mahuahua ka fragility o ka 'ole. Kuʻihao o ka loa Nohie, nae, pono he kanaka hiki mai.

Kalapona kila mau mea e like ai māheleʻia i loko oʻekolu pūʻulu: A, B a me C. ka kuʻihao hana ua lawe mai me ka metala o ka pūʻulu B.

Weldability o kila papa VSt1 - VSt4, e like me GOST 380-94, wehewehe aku ma ka nele o nā kapu, a mau koi. Kuʻihao kikoʻi anawaena i ka 40 mm o ia lŘlŘ me ka paio hahana maoli nō. Hiki nā hoailona hehi ihola au iā: T - kiʻekiʻe manganese maʻiʻo; kp, PS, SP - "baila aʻela i", "kalaka nui-make," "e mālie", niioaaonoaaiii.

ua poe mehana kila kona mea e like me ka hōʻailona Kahiamoe-haneri, kalapona hapa, e hoike ana i ke degere o ka deoxidation a me manganese maʻiʻo (GOST 1050-88): kila 10 (kekahi 10PP, 10ps, 10G), 15 (kekahi 15kp, 15 PS, 15G), 20 (kekahi 20kp, 20ps, 20G).

E hōʻoia ka pono ulana weld waiʻauʻau pono hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ka saturation me ka kalapona manganite C a me ka HI.

Nā Papahana O Ka kuʻihao:

1. MMA ka hoʻohana kūikawā initially calcined'ūholo uila anawaena o ka 2 me 5 mm o. Aja: E38 (no ka meakino-ikaika), E42, E46 (no ka maikai ikaika i ka 420 MPa), E42A, E46A (no ka kiʻekiʻe ikaika eiiieaena hale a me kā lākou mau hana i loko o kūikawā). Kuʻihao ua mau laau la 5 a me GMM UONI 13/45 hana ma lalo o mauʻikena. E hana ma na nā uila aʻa lolo knm-7, OMA-2, knm-11 i lawe mai i naʻikena ano.
2. Kinoea kuʻihao. More ma mua,ʻaʻole loa ia mea i pono, akā, hiki. Ua hana ka hoʻohana 'ana filler uea St-08, St-08A, 08GA-St, St-08GS. Lahilahi metala nizkouglerodistyj (d 8mm) welded hema iaoia, manoanoa (d 8mm) - pono. Keakea weld mall mea hiki, e lawe ma normalizing a annealing.

Kuʻihao haʻahaʻa kalapona steels hana me nā paio hahana maoli nō. No ka lāliʻi alodio palapala loaʻa nāʻaʻohe kapu. Volumetric a me ka hermit nei nā hale nui, e mālama mai i ka makani. Complex mea kupono e weld i loko o ka mea kanu i ka wela ma lalo 5 ° C.

Ke'ī mai, ka mea, hehi iho VSt1 - VSt4 kila 10 - kila 20 - maikai weldability,ʻaneʻane me ka palena, ka hae koi kanaka koho o ke kuʻihao iaoia,'ūholo uilaʻano a me kaʻikena ano.

Medium-a ua kiʻekiʻe-o carbon mall kila

Saturation kalapona oka a ho'ēmi i kā kona hiki e lilo maikai ami. Ke kaʻina hana ana wela o ka piʻo kinoea lapalapa ahi waiwai, aole hoi luaipele loaa ma na kihi o ka mānoanoa, e alakai i ka brittleness, phosphorus - i anu brittleness. Loa pinepine welded mau kumuhana doped me manganese.

Kēia nāʻike mau mall kila e like ai VSt4, VSt5 (GOST 380-94), e like ai 25, 25G, 30, 30G, 35, 35g, 40, 45G (GOSTt 1050-88) kekahi metallurgy.

Ke ae pā o ka hana mea e emi ai ka nui o ke kalapona i loko o ka weld wai puna metala saturation maloko silikone a me ka manganese, kaulike 'ike loea e pono ai. He nui hoʻi i nuiʻole kalapona poho, a e alakai i ka destabilization o ka me mechanical waiwai.

Features kuʻihao steels me ka meakino, a kiʻekiʻe o carbon maʻiʻo.

1. Primal 'ia 100-200˚S lua penei i ka laula a hiki i 150 mm o. Wale momoku ahi VSt4 a me ke kila 25 welded me nā paio hahana maoli nō. No ka mea, o ka meakino i kupono weldability, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana i ka paka i ka piha normalization. No ka kiʻekiʻe kalapona pono e hoomakaukau ai annealing.
2. Piʻo kuʻihao ua lawe calcined kapa komo iā ia nā uila aʻa lolo HEN i nui mai ka 3 a hiki i 6 mm o (Tau-2, UONI-13/55, ELN-7) ma lalo o kekahi mauʻikena. hiki i ka hana i loko o ka meakino koko a aiiay kinoea (CO _2, argon).
3. Kinoea kuʻihao i hana carburizing lapalapa haʻalele kela ano keia ano i ka mea mua wela i ka 200 ° C wela ma kaʻaʻahu haʻahaʻa mana lako acetylene.
4. Ka hooponopono ana i ka wela lapaʻau o māhele: I hoopio ai hoi a me ka hui a kaawale hoolimalima e kń na aʻo nui pale ńlua, e hoopalupalu ana o ka martensite a miko troostite hale.
5. Ia'ku ke kina ole kuʻihao ua lawe mai me ka kapu.

Penei, medium- i kiʻekiʻe-kalapona mall steels i welded me kaʻaneʻane ole kapu, ma ka mawaho wela o ka ole ma lalo o 5 ° C. Ma lalo mahana i ka koi paio hahana maoli nō, a e hoʻomaka ana i ke kiʻekiʻe-e like ai ka wela lapaau.

Kuʻihao haahaa oka a steels

Oka a kila - ia i mahele heheʻe i ka paʻa kūhohonu loa me nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma ka mea e loaa i ka makemake waiwai kila nei. Kokoke i nā mea a pau o ia he maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka paakiki a me ka ikaika. Chromium a nikala i komo i loko o ka wela hoʻopale a me ka kuhiliʻole oka a pau. Vanadium a silikone hai aku ai elasticity, ka mea i hoʻohana ai no ka hana o ka wai. Molybdenum, manganese, titanium, ka hōʻoi 'Wear ia'ku, tungsten - ula paakiki. I ka Ia manawa, he maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka waiwai o ka aina, ka mea, degrade ka weldability o ke kila. Eia hou, hoomahuahua i ka degere o ka poe paakiki, a me ka ho okumu ana o martensitic hale, na aʻo nui a me ka pilikia ana o na mawae ma na nakaka.

Weldability oka a steels i ho'ākāka 'ia ma kā lākou Nine Inch haku mele' ana.

Low kalapona, haʻahaʻa-oka a 2GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G (GOST 4543-71), 15HSND, 16G2AF (GOST 19281-89) e ia e welded. Ma lalo o maʻamau rula mai i koi hou hahana maoli nō kēia, a me ka wela lapaau ma ka pau 'ana o ke kaʻina hana. Ma keia hihia, aole nae loaʻa nō kekahi mau kapu:

• Ka puali huahelu o ka oluolu thermal 'ole.
• Hana lawe mai i ka wela, aole emi -10˚S (ma lalo o na kumu o ka haʻahaʻa ka lewa ana wela, akā,ʻaʻole ma lalo -25˚S pili preheating i 200 ° C).

Hiki aoao:

• Piʻo kuʻihao me ka DC mana o ke 40 a hiki i 50 A, na nā uila aʻa lolo E55, E50A, E44A.
• Akomi kuʻihao piʻo submerged hoʻohana filler uea 08GA-St, St-10 aa.

Weldability 09G2S 10G2S1 i ka maikai, e pono ai, a hiki aoao o ka hana i ka ia me ia no ka oka a 12GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G, 15HSND, 16G2AF. An nui ano 09G2S oka a 10G2S1 mea i pono no ka palena hoomakaukau ia no na ikamu i 4 knm ma anawaena.

Srednelegirovannoj kuʻihao steels

Srednelegirovannye kila 20HGSA, 25HGSA, 35HGSA (GOST 4543-71) paka i ka nui ia'ku i ke kahua o unstrained nakaka. Ka mea, no ia o ka pūʻulu me ka kupono weldability. Noi aku mālama '-hahana maoli nō kēia i ka mahana 150-200˚S, ka multilayered nakaka, I hoopio ai hoi, a hui i ka hopena o ke kuʻihao. nā kinolau:

• Ka papa ikaika a me ke anawaena o ka'ūholo uila ka wā kuʻihao piʻo pololei wae ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia kona mānoanoa, e lawe i ka mooolelo i ka thinner kaʻe ikaika loa ae la malalo e hoopio ai hoi i hana. Ke'ī mai, i ka wa a ka huina hoonui o ka 2-3 mm o anawaena waiwai o ka papa e ia i loko o 50-90 A. A ua mahuahua i 200 i ka mānoanoa o nā kihi o ka 7-10 mm o DC mana o ke alo o polarityʻikena A me ka hoʻohana '4-6mm nā uila aʻa lolo. Hoʻohana 'ia ua mau laau la me ka kelulose a kalipuna fluor-aiiay ka paleʻana (18HGSA-St, St-18HMA).
• I hana, paleia lakou kinoea HI ₂ mea pono e hoʻohana St-08G2S uea Sv-10G2, 10GSMT-St, St-08H3G2SM anawaena mai i ka 2 mm o.

Pinepine e hoʻohana i kēia mau mea no ka TIG kuʻihao iaoia a submerged.

Wela-hoʻopale, a kiʻekiʻe-ikaika steels

Kuʻihao me thermostable hao-kalapona oka a 12MH, 12H1M1F, 25H2M1F, pono e lawe mai 15H5VF me preheating i mahana 300-450˚S me ka hope loa ia ke kinai, a miko.

• Piʻo kuʻihao hana cascadeʻae multilayer ulana hoʻohana calcined kapa komo iā ia nā uila aʻa lolo UONII 13 / 45MH, CCR-3, 30-63-Cl, Cl-39.
• Kinoea lako hou i ka acetylene kuʻihao me 100 dm ³ / mm o ka hoʻohana 'ana filler lako Sv-08HMFA, St-18HMA. Pipe loko ua hana ia me ka mea mua kinoea hahana maoli nō kēia i loko o nā mea a pau o ka ami.

I ka kuʻihao kiʻekiʻe-ikaika lako srednelegirovannoj 14H2GM, 14H2GMRB nui ia e alakaʻiʻia e ka ua rula like no ka wela-hoʻopale steels, e lawe i no kekahi o na nuances:

• Lawe ia'ku, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā kihi a me ka pono ipu nā mea hōʻoia.
• Ke kiʻekiʻe wela calcination'ūholo uila (i 450˚S).
• Preheating i 150˚S no lāliʻi mānoanoa oi aku ia mamua 2 knm.
• Kali anuanu maila 'ulana.

kiʻekiʻe-oka a kila

I ka hoʻohana 'ana o kūikawā' enehana he mea e pono ai ka wā kuʻihao kiʻekiʻe-oka a steels. Kēia loaʻa he nui huahelu o kuhiliʻole kila, wela-hoʻopale a me ka wela-hoʻopale oka a, kekahi o lakou: 09H16N4B, 15H12VNMF, 10H13SYU, 08H17N5MZ, 08H18G8N2T, 03H16N15MZB, 15H17G14A9. Weldability o ke kila (GOST 5632-72) e pili ana i ka 4th hui.

weldability o ke kila kiʻekiʻe-kalapona kiʻekiʻe-Ka makamake nui:

1. He mea pono e emi i ka awelike pono e 10-20% ma muli o kā lākou i haʻahaʻa thermal conductivity.
2. pono e lawe kuʻihao mai me kekahi, na nā uila aʻa lolo mai a hiki i 2 mm o.
3. Ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka phosphorus, kēpau, luaipele, antimony, hoʻonui o ke alo o ke molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten kapa komo iā ia ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i kūikawā kaola.
4. Ka pono, e lilo weld hui microstructure (ferrite + austenite). Kēia eaaaony ka ductility o ka waihoia metala, a minimizing na aʻo nui.
5. Koi paio hahana maoli nō lua penei Ewa kuʻihao. Ka wela ua koho 'ia ma ka laulā o ka mai 100 a hiki i 300˚S, ke kaumaha ma muli koona o microstructure.
6. Koho o ke kapa komo iā ia nā uila aʻa lolo ma ka piʻo kuʻihao ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ke' ano o ka hua liilii, i ka waiwai a me ka pae'ōnaehana kumu o nā māhele: no ka austenitic kila 12H18N9: UONII 13 / VAW, RLA-7 RLA-14 lole komoʻuʻuku nona-06H19N9T St, St-02H19N9; no ka martensitic kila 20H17N2: UONII 10H17T, HE-B-10 St-08H17T ka penaʻana; no ka austenitic-ferritic kila 12H21N5T: Cl-33 St-08H11V2MF ka penaʻana.
7. I ka acetylene kinoea kuʻihao hanai e like loa me ka waiwai 70-75 ^dm3 / mm o hoʻohana filler uea - 02H19N9T-St, St-08H19N10B.
8. Hiki e hana ana i ka hoʻohana 'ana submerged VAW-8.

Steel Weldability - pili aiao. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka metala, kona microstructure a me physical waiwai. Pela ka hana e lilo kbps pilina hiki e like Via deliberateʻanoʻenehana hoʻokokoke mai, kūikawā lako a pan a me ka hana lawelawe aku ana.