Wooden EYI hale kiaʻi: Hawaii photo, nui, ke kaumaha. Mea hoʻonoho a? Aiiio o ka laau auamo

Ka moku'āina o ka EYI laina mai ka nui hopenaʻano i hoʻohana kūkulu pū. Iloko o ka 100 makahiki laau mākia o ka i koe kekahi o na kumu nui nā hale o ka lolo EYI laina (VL).

Wale nō i loko o nā 60s o ka hope kenekulia ia ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka hana me ka aiiay impregnation. A laila, ke koho i ka hoʻohana 'ana o antiseptics i haawi mai ai, akā, ka mea, e poorly hoʻokō, e alakai ana i awi aku? Aeia. He ākea hoʻololi i ka ikaika pōhaku puna kia i ole ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia a pau, no ka mea, ka mea, ua ike i ka hewa,ʻaʻole hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o huahana i o ka lāʻau.

• brittleness ma ka hopena;
• uuku flexural ka ikaika;
• nui ke kaupaona;
• kulu paialewa.

pono

Wooden mau mākia, e aole loa e palapala aku no o ka mea kēia mau pono.

1. Low kāki.
2. Light kaumaha.
3. A hiki i ka lāʻau o ke kia, e hina, i ke kaumaha o ka i mea 3 manawa emi o pōhaku puna, ka mea kēkahi ma luna o nā kaula me ka hopena o "dominoes", ano o na kia kaumaha.
4. Nui ma ka wahi me ka māhuahua hawewe haʻawina.
5. More hoʻopale i ka makani wahie.
6. Ke kiʻekiʻe dielectric ano.
7. Lōʻihi hana ola me ka manufacturing akau (i ka 40 makahiki).
8. Ka mea, e i koi kuikawa ka hoʻoponopono.

hewa

A me ka pono o ka laau kākoʻo mea i drawbacks.

1. Impregnating mele i pihaʻi me nā palapala 'ona a mea i loko o ka hana āpana (wahie aila, kerosene, creosote, etc.). No nā palapala preservatives, aila-ka nānā 'ana. Eia hou, ka mea, i ka māhuahua kamepiula o ke ahi.
2. Na pauku Pono e ua hanaʻia me ka mea i koi 'anawaena a me ka taper.
3. Mea e like ai nā huahana loaa mai ma ka hooilo ana, a maloʻo ana ma lalo o uhi no 6 mahina. He mea pono e lawelawe i ka laau antiseptic, no laila, ka mea e ole popoʻole.

kumuhana

Prop LEP laau hua mai coniferous laau, a pau i ke kēpau mea he kumu preservative a me ka antiseptic. Ka nui koi'ākau tidara, ua kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika a me ka elasticity. Pilikia i i pōhaku puna kia aie i kā lākou fragility, e loa ho okumu ana i kekahi laau kākoʻo (Hawaii photo lalo - ka hoʻouka o ka hoʻopau 'ana i huahana).

E pili impregnation a creosote aila shale, e like me nā mea huihuina i loaʻa ka keleawe, a me ka chromium arsenic. Eia kekahi, a me kākoʻo Preservative hoʻokō 'ia e ke kumu o ke ahi (ahi retardants). Kēia i mea e hiki ai, e kanu i nā kia pololei i loko o ka lepo, me he pōhaku punaʻanuʻu-keiki, a maoli he lākou lifespan.

Ka loa loa absorbent huahana i tidara. Inā na nā mea pilihao i hoʻohana spruce a me ka larch, alohaʻia ia mea paʻakikī.

Impregnation apono 'auamo, e kanu iho i loko o ka lepo. Waleʻaneʻi pono aiiieieoaeuii hoomalu aku i na welau o ka aiiay papale a kāpili ma luna. He nui mua impregnation i 3 mahina, e maloʻo laau kākoʻo. Hoʻopunipuni ana i na stepchildren o ka ikaika pōhaku puna hiki aku ai i ka splitting o ka lāʻau ma lalo o nā bandages mai ka uea koʻokoʻo.

Nui! No ka hana ana o kolamu i hoʻohana haʻahaʻa o ka laau (luahi) kahi i emi na lala a me ka homogeneous 'ole.

I ka nui a me ka ikaika

kākoʻo i ka lōʻihi o ka 3,5-13 m + ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pakuhi ma ka luna (d) a me lalo (D), ka mea, i na kēia mau māhele .:

• malamalama: D = 140 mm o; D = 160-220 mm o;
• meakino: D = 160 mm o; D = 180-235 mm o;
• ikaika: d = 195-210 mm o; D = 210-260 mm o.

An nui anakahi o ka ikaika o ka lalo o ka hoowalaniaia iho au. No ka log anawaena 190 mm o kā mākou anuenue manawa o 55 kNm, oiai no 240 mm o - 95 kNm.

'Oihana no ka koho ana i laau auamo

1. E like me ka mea i hoʻohana mua'ākau tidara hooiloʻokiʻoki.
2. I ka luna o ke kolamu kona mānoanoa mea ole e emi malalo o 16 knm.
3. Like impregnation pāʻoihana hoʻohana koʻana koko CCA.
4. Reliance ma ka pau 'ole i loko o ka haʻahaʻa o ka mea kanu ua impregnated ma ka puʻe o 12-14 me ka lewa.
5. ʻanoʻenehana lua i mua impregnation.
6. impregnation ka hohonu, he 85% o ka pā, ahu iho o ka lāʻau - sapwood (40 mm).
7. Ke impregnation kaʻina ua ana, ina na k? Ko? I poʻohina-uliuli waihoʻoluʻu. Inā he meaʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi i ka naoh mea ole loa no. Ka mokuna E e hiki ma ka oki log.
8. Kākoʻo kuai ma ka papa C ₁ a me C _3, a me ka piha 'ia paha o Ana.

Hiʻona impregnating k? Ko?

Ka lepo kolamu hoʻouka kekahi me stepchildren. i impregnated nā wēlauʻelua me ka oi ma mua o kaʻaoʻao ili honua. Ma muli o ia holoi mai i ka 90% o ka aiiay 'ole. E pale aku i kēia, ua uhiia i ka luna hope ma ke kaupaku i ka galvanized nui 250x250 mm o a me ka lalo mea paʻa i lalo mea impermeable ona mau.

GOST 20022.0-93 laau impregnated kākoʻo ma lalo o ka aiiay Agena XM-11 ma luna o ka paakai maloo i loko o ka nui o 13-15 kg / ka m ^3. Ma ke kūʻaiʻana laau no ka pou, oe e loaʻa mai ka hana hea lakou i hana, no ka mea, hoakaka kekahi keia helu ua underestimated e 2 manawa. 'Aʻole i pau Manufacturers i pono malamaia no huahana manufacturing enehana. He pono e like ai i ka mana hoʻomalu hui, akā, he hoʻomalu hiki kuhikuhi ia visually.

Kākoʻo? iecaianoaaiiuo enehana

Ke kaʻina komo ai eha nui a me ke kapuai.

1. Debarking

Ma ka hana kūikawā mīkini ua wehe 'ia mai ka wauke phloem. Wale ma hope i ke kumu hoʻomaka e maloʻo. Zabolonevaya wahie E e loli ma ka palena iki, no ka mea, ua pono impregnated me ka antiseptic. Inā ka holoʻokoʻa luna, ahu iho o skived, hoemiia ka mea paʻa kākoʻo aie i ka mea i mea e e oi prone i awi aku. A laila, he lāʻau kākoʻo, nā Ana o i hoʻopili like ai i na koi, hoʻokaʻina 'ia ma mākaʻikaʻi. Kekahi Manufacturers hua maloʻo ana me ka wehe 'ia o ka bast, aʻo ka mea e hiki ai e pale aku ńlua o ka lāʻau. A laila, bast wehe 'me ka mea e ālai ia' aʻe i ke kaʻina hana o ka impregnation.

2. maloʻo ana

Dehumidification - lengthy a me ka ikehu-mālama nui kaʻina, i hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea e like ai o ka impregnation. Nedosushennuyu ole e impregnate laau. Humidity mea pono e loaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 28%. Maloʻo ana hua maoli ai ma ka puʻu (2-5 mahina.) A wela ke ea i loko o ke keʻena ka maloʻoʻana, a ua hoʻolahaʻia ma ka mea o kânaka (7-10 lā).

3. impregnation i loko o ka autoclave

Ma ka holo keʻena, me ka huki loa ona mau. A laila, haʻalele koʻana koko antiseptic paa hou mai la, i kau ai i ka puʻe i loko o ke keʻena ua hoalaia i 14 atm. Ma hope o pāʻoihana ua moni loa, a hou he mea he holo. Best impregnating haku mele 'ana - o ka antiseptic CCA Pinilana? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Wahi lulu counterparts i mai hanalima wahi neoneo a me ka pihaʻi me impurities e ho'ēmi i machining hohonu, a e pono ai holoi mai o ka haku mele 'ana, mai ka laau.

4. hana

Ke impregnating haku mele 'ana maupaʻa nā palapala' ona. Na pauku e elemakule no kekahi manawa. A hiki keia ia lŘlŘ ke kahua o insoluble antiseptic i huiʻia i loko o ka ulu lāʻau 'ole. Mahana E e maikaʻi. E hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina hana, ke kākoʻo ua malamaia lakou nei, me superheated mahu i loko o ka autoclave. Junior Manufacturers lapaau pauku kūikawā hale, ma laila e hoʻoulu ai i ka mea paʻa o nā huahana.

HVL kākoʻo

A hāpai laau auamo hua mai la i VL 3rd ka papa, ma ka palena iki pae'ōnaehana anakahi uila o 1 kV a emi. Ka loa, he pono ole waena kūkulu pū i hookauwa aku e malama i ke kaula. Eia hou kekahi, makani wahie, e like me ka pono me pono a me kona mau kaumaha e ike. Kū kaʻawale, ka mea hiki ole ke ku imua o ka poe koa, ua loaʻa ma ka laina, ina he mea kekahi mokuāhana ma. Ua laweʻia kēia e haawe i ka wahi o ka heleuma Kākoʻo nā struts ma ka lolo laina iho (axis). Holo nōhie, ka mea, e mālama aku i ka ho okumu ana i ka hoʻopilikia uea hapa. E ike i ke kīloi paʻewa wahie, noi heleuma Kākoʻo me ka wahi o koo aku a "wawae" i loko o ka p ÷ haku ka ao ao.

Aia i angular kūkulu pū i ka lonikū a me ka transverse wahie. Ka mea, i kau aku ai i ka ao i ka laina.

Mea hoʻonoho ua i ka laau auamo me ka kūlike loa omaka o ka wahi, a me ka ahakanaka - me ka pilipaa kūpono wahi.

Ka nahā i kahi notching ua i, e ole e oi aku mamua o 4 mm o. pairing wahi paa i hoʻolako. Lua iʻepekema.

Malama a me ka? Aiiio o ka laau auamo

Laau uila auamo mea paha i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nana a me ka hoomaemae. I ke kau wela, ma ka hohonu o 30-50 knm, kaha i ka hohonu o ke awi laau. Inā log anawaena 25 knm, a me ka hoʻopöʻino 'Ua oi aku 3 knm, ka mea, ua manaoia unusable a me ka pono e auou caiaiai.

Overhaul o ka laina, kahi i ka hapa nui o ka hoʻouka kekahi lāʻau kūkulu pū, 'aʻole e emi ma mua o 6 makahiki. Ke koena o ka hoʻoponopono 'ana lawe mai i loko o nā hua'ōlelo ke kaumaha ma muli o ka waiwai i loaʻa.

Flammability laau auamo pono ka hana-mālama nui hana e ho'ēmi i ia. Ma ke alo o ka laau hooluolu mai puni ikeʻauwaha hohonu o 0,4 m + a me ka wehe 'ia ka mauʻu me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi.

Details lauwili me kaʻauamo ma ka hou pae'ōnaehana laina. It E e kaʻikaʻiʻia ma ka manaʻo i ka haawe ana ma luna o nā māhele o ka manao i oi aku ke koho.

Inā na auamo deviated mai vertical i kekahi helu kuhi kumukuai, ka mea hou e haawe hiki i ka loli i ka oihana a me kēia hili kaula a mai hoopa aku i ka au mamuli. Nā displacements i hoʻomaka ai ma muli o ke attenuation a hoopau wale o ka hookumu ana waihona ipu kākoʻo, lepo pohupani hale, attenuation i huiʻia.

Paka e hali ana i kila uwea paa i ka hoowalaniaia iho au. Base eli i ka hohonu o ka 1.5 m + a me ka holoʻanaʻano papa hana straighten kākoʻo. A laila, hāʻule lua e hiamoe ana, a rammed.

I ka wā o ka hoowalaniaia iho au mea skewed no ka hemohemo ana i ke ami a me ka lole wili, ia straighten me pau ka sucker.

Ma popopo hoowalaniaia iho au lele lole wili. Ma mua o kēia popoʻole ua wehe a me ka uhi moʻomanaʻo antiseptic kāpili ma luna.

Poino māhele hoʻohui? Aiaiiuie papa i ka lāʻau a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, hoʻohana 'poluhomuty, hoʻopaʻa i a me ka paa uea.

Details mamua i ka wehe 'ana i ka Track e oki no kaʻaeʻana me ka manao kiko'î.

E hoomahuahua i ka ola o na hoowalania iho ai i, ka mea e e aiiieieoaeuii impregnated i hoohana ia ma ka mea o ka maholahune. I lola honua a me ka aboveground hapa o ke kākoʻo, a ma luna o hui la, i antiseptic bandages. Ke mau māwae, ma luna o ka luna i hoowalania iho ai i prefixes noi antiseptic kāpili ma luna.

Aie i ka mea i ka nuipa a o ka liʻiliʻi laau kākoʻo, nā hoʻoponopono ua kākaʻikahi pono kaumaha hana.

Hana ole e ho'āla hou aʻelaʻo noa kākoʻo ma luna o nā mea a pau wahie, a auou caiaiai me ka hou kekahi me ke kōkua o kūikawā lako a pan.

ka hopena

Laau auamo me ka impregnation maikaʻi ma mua o pōhaku puna, a ma kekahi mau hihia a pau i maikai, i ke aloha a hiki i ka nui o kānaka apau i mākaukau. No laila, ka mea i 'Imi ia i loko o nä hana kilokilo, e pono i ka hana maʻamau. Kēia e hookupaaʻaʻahu e pono ai no nā Manufacturers, no laila, i ka mea e like ai i ua hoʻohiki.