Zarostok'amaʻu nana e like aha? He aha palapala i zarostok'amaʻu (Hawaii photo)

Ua ike Fern kela mea keia mea o mākou. Mau herbaceous mea kanu e hoʻomano māhele ma ka pakiko ciia. A me ke ano o ka zarostok'amaʻu? Ke pane i keia ninau hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kā mākou 'atikala.

General ano o ka 'Oihana

Fern nā 'elele o ka luna spore mea kanu. 'O kēia ka mea kanu mua aina, a i wehewehe aku ma na kēia mau hiʻona:

• helehelena o kēia nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko;
• Grassy ola 'ano apau loa;
• nā'ōlelo ma keʻano o asexual nā'ōlelo o ke keena - spores;
• alternation o hanauna i loko o ke ola kalapona.

Mai ke kālā no? Ueony, koe wale no na Luna, keia kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana hui nā mosses, laau mosses a me horsetails. Pau kēia mau mea kanu i moe a me ka asexual hanauna mea okoa iaoia o nā'ōlelo a me ka morphological hiʻona. Penei,'amaʻu sporophyte mea he leafy laau. He asexual hanauna. Akā, gametophyte - zarostok'amaʻu, ua he loa okoa shape.

hiʻona lifecycle

Asexual hanauna kanu Fern ninoieo o nā aʻa a me ka hua hou ana iho. Ma ka 'ilikai, ua hiki ke ike wale i ka hui lau. He iho pakele mutates, a hoʻomōhala i ka lola honua. Ua ua kapaʻia he rhizome. Mawaho, i kēia 'ole maoli kohu ka lola honua hui,. Akā, rhizome ua pakele, no ka mea, he o internodes, aka wahi a me ka hakuʻala.

Ma ka underside o ka lau'amaʻu me ka maka kapa ole oe e ike i ka uuku eleele bumps. Ua sporangia, ma i na keena i hanaʻia ma ka asexual nā'ōlelo. I ka oo, ka mea, hāʻule i loko o nā hua lepo. Aia ka mea ulu, ho okumu i zarostok'amaʻu. Kēia 'ole i ka loa okoa ano - i ka palahalaha launahele una. Ana prothallia uuku loa - wale he mau millimeters. Nolaila, e maopopo iā lākou i loko o ka ao uhi ana o ka undergrowth mea kanu loa paʻakikī.

He aha 'ano o ka'amaʻu ua zarostok

I loko nō o ka microscopic nui, me nā hale a me ka hana ana o ke kahua o ke kanu 'ana i luna'. Ma ka Hawaii photo prothallia'amaʻu hiki maopopo ike i ka mea, ua Hawaiʻi kaawale mai ka mea kanu asexual hanauna. Advantageously, ka mea, i ka naau-hoʻokino ano me ka wavy lua penei. Ma ka waena o ka una honua ka papakaukau. Nā kihi o ka thinner hookahi, ahu iho, iki translucent.

Zarostok'amaʻu i ka palapala papa naʻau-hoʻokino, i ka lalo o ka a i hana rhizoids anuanu tufts. Mai kēia mau aʻa, i kēia mau hale a oko i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka'aʻaʻa. Ka mea, he poe aeee i i hui anatomically, akā, kēlā o kēia mau mana kaawale. Rhizoids hana i ka hana o ka IeIIeYOA a hiki i ka kūpapakū gametophyte.

Nui no ka hooulu ana i ka sporophyte ka mea prothallia keena loaʻa chlorophyll. Kēia e hāʻawi aku i kekahi kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai a me ka loaʻa nui o kupono ke aloha waiwai, e lilo kanu asexual nā'ōlelo, a ua Ana oi kilakila.

gametophyte ulu

Fern spores hoʻomōhala wale i loko o nā hua lepo. Ko lakou haawi aku ua hana ia e ka wai, ka makani, nā mea kolo a me nā manu. E like me ka hopena, i ka germination o spores hana una honua. Ma kona kea-mahele nui o māhunehune ihoiho 3 mm o. Zarostok'amaʻu pili ana i ka honua ma ka mea o rhizoids, i hoakaka i nā mana mea kanu.

Ma kaʻaoʻao lalo o kēia 'ole e hoonohonoho wahine - gametangia. Mau hale a mau i microscopic ma ka nui, i mea ole, a hiki i ka hoi i noonoo ai. Ka mea, eia no mau ano. Men i kapaia antheridia. Ka mea, oo sperm. Kēia germ aeee i loaʻa flagella. Akā, i ka neʻeʻana o ka sperm mea hiki wale nō i loko o ke alo o ka wai. No laila, i ke alo o ka ona mau mea he elue no ke kaʻina hana o ka fertilization i loko o nā mea a pau spore mea kanu. Female anal nā loko i kapaia archegonium. Ka mea i hanaʻia ma ka paʻa Kepakailiula.

No ka Fern wehewehe aku ma keʻa-fertilization. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i antheridium maturation a me ka archegonia hana ma kekahi mau manawa. Nolaila, kuʻi nukeliu o gametes pele ia lŘlŘ ma waena o kekahi mau hua hou ana iho.

sporophyte

O ka fertilized hua e hoʻomōhala ana i asexual hanauna mea kanu, i mea predominant i loko o ke ola kalapona o ka'amaʻu. Ua Ua kapaia ka sporophyte. Inā zarostok'amaʻu i ke ano o ka papa, i ka asexual hanauna mea he herbaceous laau. Ua loaʻa he lola honua pakele Hoʻololi '- rhizome. No ka mea, vegetative nā'ōpuʻu manaʻo ma luna o laila lau hoʻomōhala. Ka mea, i mai o nāʻano. Young lau i kapa lau. Ka mea, e spirally i hilo, a ua inherently predpobegami. Oʻo ka lau'amaʻu eiiieaena, sprawling.

Ma waena o ka moe, a asexual hanauna'amaʻu he mea hoʻokahi nui okoa. Zarostok'amaʻu he rhizoids a me sporophyte - adventitious kumu ae.

kahiko? ueo

Hoikehonua,'amaʻu mea kanu i lawa ka nohona o? Ueo. No a pau i ka spore, keia pae o ka oi aku ka nui. O ke kumu ho i ko lakou nui, hemolele loa 'ole. Ma ka keia kahua, eia oi ma mua o 10,000? Ueo.

Akā, kahiko Fern i ka loa okoa helehelena. Kona piko i hiki aku ai ka mea oi loa i loko o ka Carboniferous au. Oiai laau Fern a hiki mai i 40 mau mika i loko o kona kiʻekiʻe. Ua ua kilakila, a me ka laula o ko lākou nui ilpko o. Ka mea, ua 2 mika.

Ka muli o kēia mau mea kanu ma ka Honua ma ka lā hoʻi i ka Paleozoic'āina. Ma ke ala o ka evolution, ka mea, ua iho mai o ka aina kanu mua - Rhyniophyta. Ka mea, ua 400 miliona makahiki aku nei. Makamua Fern ua lilo i mea ole ma muli o ka huliau. Ka mea, i ke kumu o ka waiwai wahie nā minelala hao - lanahu.

No laila, i loko o kēia 'atikala, ua loaʻa mai i ke ano o ka'amaʻu zarostok - gametophyte. O ka maikai microscopic una'ōmaʻomaʻo. He He moe hanauna Fern. Zarostok hoʻomohala kaawale mai ka asexual hanauna kanu i hiki hoi ke kāʻamaʻai, he rhizoids. Ua hoʻomohala moe kumu kāki i nā loko ma i gametes i hana ai. E like me ka hopena o ko lākou mau kuʻi nukeliu a me ka hou 'ana o ka zygote i hana sporophyte'amaʻu ka LEAFY' ole.