¶ʻO'Araba caliphate

¶ʻO'Araba Caliphate ua he theocratic Muslim ana, a ku ae la ma ka hopena o ka ka hana naʻi aupuni o Nā Poʻe Isalama alakaʻi ma ka Caliph i loko o ka VII-IX kenekulia. Kēia palapala nucleus i hanaia i loko o ka palapala o ke kaula, Muhammad kaiaulu ma ke komohana Arabia ma ka Hijaz i loko o ka VII kenekulia. I ka hopena o na mea he nui Muslim e naʻi aku ai i ka haku o ka nui ana, a komo i ka Arabia Peninsula, Iran a me Iraq. Ma kona 'ole i ka nui loa o ka Caucasus a me Central Asia. Ua komo nā pū i ka aina o Aigupita, NorthʻApelika, Suria a me Palesetine, uhi i ka nui loa o ka Iberian Peninsula a me kekahi o nā'āina eha o Pakistan - Sindh aina. No laila, nui i ka moku'āina o ke ¶ʻO'Araba Caliphate. I ka moolelo o kona hanaia'na ua ua hoʻopili pololei a hiki i ka aoao o na caliphs (mau hope a me lunakanawai).

Iloko o ke ¶ʻO'Araba Caliphate hele mai i ka blossoming o Islamic moʻomeheu a me ka 'epekema, ka mea, ua ka Golden Age o Hoʻomana Mohameka. Mea, ua hookumuia 632 makahiki. Noonoo mua ana nou 4 khalifs i ua "pono ma". ¶ʻO'Araba Caliphate hookomoia na kēia poʻe aliʻi: Abu Bakr (o kona noho alii ana, mai 632 634), Umar (634-644 g), Uthman, ka mea e hiki mai ana 12 makahiki i aliʻi ai (ma ka 656), Ali (656 o 661) a me ka hoomau iho la lakou dominance o ka Umayyad i nohoaliʻi ai, i ola 661 a hiki i 750 makahiki.

Kēia aupuni a pau, hana emi o 100 makahiki, e like me kona nui loa i ka Roma. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Muhammad he na preconditions no kona disintegration a me ka'opi o ka pomaikai o Hoʻomana Mohameka, a i loaa ke aloha ia ia. Ma hope o kona make ana,ʻaneʻane ua hoʻoneʻe ka a pau o Arabia aku mai keia manaoio, ke koe ua ka Mecca, Medina a me Taif.

aole ia i waiho i nā kaula ma ke kua o ka hooilina a me ka hope o ka hihia lua ma waena o Medintsev a me ka Meccans. Caliph ma hope o kēia hui kūkāʻana, kipaku Abu Bakr, ka mea i hiki ia hoʻi i ka ¶ʻO'Araba, a Caliphate Hoʻomana Mohameka, a hookaawale ae Arabia. Ma hope iho o ka suppression o ka uprising o ka Arabia, Muhammad Bakr hana mau pilikino E pili, a alakai i ke kaua ku e Iran a me ka Byzantine waiwai. I ka pau ana o kona ola,ʻo ia i kauoha mai ai Arabia, Babulona, Suria, Mesopotamia, komohana Iran, Barco, Aigupita a me Tripoli.

Usman lanakila Kupero, hikina Iran, ka Carthage wahi, hoʻonui i ka ¶ʻO'Araba Caliphate. No ka mea, o ka mea kanawai hakakā o ka Arabia, ua kaua kipi ma ka pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka o Uthman, i eliminated, kekahi mokuna mau mea.

Ali i pepehiia iloko o ka "hale coup", a me ka Umayyads hele mai i ka mana. A hiki aku ka mea, i loko o ka moku'āina, i ka mea i koho aupuni, entrenched hereditary mō'ī.

I ka naʻi o na Caliphs mua ua holomua no o ka nawaliwali o ia nei hoa paio, mai i kekahi kue i ka Arabia. Ke kūloko heluna no ka mea, o ka inaina o ka Helene pinepine iho kapa, a kokua i ka Arabia. Na Helene, aole ae ia e lanakila ma Asia Minor , a Constantinople ma ka Arabia akaaka malu lesion.

Ma ka lanakila aina, a hohola iho la i ke ¶ʻO'Araba Caliphate, ka moʻolelo hōʻike ana i ke kaila o ke Aupuni ia Umar like me kaʻekalesia. I ka wa i aeia i ¶ʻO'Araba mau lanakila aina i i o Laielohelohe i na konohiki 'ha awina Uthman. Haipule ano hoʻololi me ka Hekikai o na Umayyads. O ka ekalesia a me ka haipule kaiāulu, alakaʻiʻia e ka uhane alakaʻi, ua lilo iho la ka mana naita a me ka pili kalai aupuni.

Next Abbasidʻana ua hookahakaha like despotic, koko a me ka pu ma ka heartlessʻino. People hōʻike kū'ē i ka hookamani a me ka perfidy hoike iho surreptitiously, i loko o ka palapala o ka reprisals ku e unruly poe kanaka. Kēiaʻana i wehewehe aku e ka hehena, ka wā i hoʻolauna i ka nenoaiu o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana. I loko nō o kēia, i noʻonoʻo i nā aliʻi koʻikoʻi a hanohano maikaʻi loa nā loea kālai'āina ma i ke kālā no ua maikaʻi loa.

Moʻomeheu o ka mea ¶ʻO'Araba caliphate a me kona ulu ana i loko o kēia wā nui paipai, e ulu ai o ka 'epekema a me ka laau lapaau. Kēia i ke kōkua ma ka ohana loea o viziers i alii iho la oia a hiki i 803, a i luku Harun. Nā lālā o ka 'ohana no 50 makahiki, e malama i ke koena ma waena o ka Arabia, a me ka Peresia, ua hana ikaika pili aupuni, a hoihoi hou ia i ka Sasanian ola.

I ka wā o ka Abbasids Caliphate Apapika moʻomeheu? Ac? Hoomaikai aku i ka maluhia ana a me kona mau hoalauna,'auwaʻa. I hana maʻamau waiwai, silika fabrics, me na mea kaua, Jewelry 'ikamu, embroideries ma ka ili a me canvas, e hooponopono ana, i ke kalakalaiʻana ma luna o nā iwi. Ua Ua hohola aku i loko o kēlā mau makahiki o ka mosaic, embossing, engraving, porcelain a me ka aniani me nā huahana. Ko Peresia, 'ole ma ka Apapika poetry, i ka muli o ka pono a me ka historiography akeakamai Apapika philology. Ma kēlā mau makahiki, ka mea i kauia ai Apapika grammar, ua i ka 'ohi' o ka moʻokalaleo.