Chechens a Ingush - unuhi. Moʻomeheu, loina a me ka mōʻaukala o nā kānaka

Ka mua kaiāulu o nā kānakaʻelua i kekahi mau mea disunited papa o ka Haole Kaua o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia a me ke kulekele o ke tsarist Aupuni. Ano, i ka hapa o ka lehulehu, a ua kapaia o ka makaainana, oi hana i ka lōkāhi, e manaoio ana ia mea he hookahi kanaka - Chechens a me Ingush. Ke koena unuhi Ua ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia wale nō ka makakū intelligentsia, i ike ole hookahi lāhui hui.

'ōlelo

Na Chechens ōlelo Nakh-Dagestani ʻaoʻao, a me ia mea hea ka mea me ka Ingush. Naʻe, ka mea keia dialectal mahele i mea nui oi pilikia. No ka laʻana, kekahi Chechen mauna olelo i nui kokoke i ka Ingush ma mua a hiki i kekahi kanaka maoli Chechen. A i ka mahalo o ka 'ōlelo, a i pili i ka Chechens a me Ingush, ke like ka nui uuku ma mua o ia ma waena o ka Lūkini, a Ukrainian. Ua noa nō e kamailio pu ana i loko o ko lākou alelo maoli, akā, ike kekahi i kekahi me ka iki pilikia.

A me na hoike ana mai o ka moʻomeheu hōʻike i ka ia kaiāulu. Nā moku halihali mokulele Ingush a me Chechen Hawaiʻi o ka 'imi naʻauao stratum manaoio i ua loaʻa i ka naʻauao ma ka oi ma mua o 80%, a me ko ka hale ona ia mea i emi maopopo. Aka hoi, akamai, ethnographers ike mau kanaka elua no laila, ma kahi kokoke ikea e na mea he nui kumu ma lalo o kekahi inoa - Vainakh (veynahi) - Chechens a me Ingush. Ke koena unuhi, nolaila, ma ka aoao o ka aneane e hiki.

Vainakh ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo i hana ole i kekahi manawa. Mua, oia ua obschenormirovannym, a hele aku la mai ka haku moʻolelo - illanchi. ohanaʻoihana aliʻi a pau no hoi - teptari - Chechen, akā, Apapika kōmi'ōkuhi. Ka mea, ua ola, albeit ma ka mea uuku loa mea. Ke kumu o ka 'ōlelo Chechen poʻe i loaʻa i waena o nā pāpū olelo - Urus-Martan a me Shali. Ka mea, iā lākou ka nui. Ua mea i kokoke loa ia ia, a Gudermes podterechny olelo i i oi hoʻomano e halii mai. Ke kumu o Ingushetia Nazran i ka olelo maoli i ka aneane kanawalu pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka, i mea, i ka holoʻokoʻa repubalika o Ingushetia i olelo ia ua ma luna ona.

laua i ka aoao

Ethnographers koi i Chechen moʻomeheu i nalowale nui ano o ka lāhui rituals ma mua o Ingush. Chechens mai i ka wawa hewa lākou tosch like i loko o ka maikai kahiko lā, hiki hanai ai malihini e aʻe i ka kupuna aoao. Ingush no ia me ka wa kahiko, hānai hoaʻai i ka kūikawā ai pā - nui keiki hipa, moa a me Tureke, a me toschami ho'āʻo mai i ka maka i ka maʻamau o ke ola i loko o mau. Ahaaina mare i nui aku ka 'elele i kekahi, i ka Chechens a me Ingush wahine mare ma ka aoao kahiko o nā mea a pau i keʻano hana i loko o ke kihi.

Eia naʻe, Chechens, Ingush, i ka likeʻole ma waena o ia ma manawa nō i hanaʻia, maopopo ike o ko lākou mau lāhui kinship, a me ka ethnonym "Vainakh" mea,ʻaʻole he nele kani no ia. He nui no ia mea'ē e pili ana i ka mea i keia makahiki i hoʻolauna nei a ua hana ia e kekahi kanaka, aole ia i hui ole ia me kekahi i kekahi lāhui kanaka a kekahi. Ka mea, i no ka hapanui loa manaoio i ka millennial mōʻaukala o keia inoa.

uuku lahuikanaka

Ma ka hikinaʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao a me ka Chechens Dagestani - Avars, Kumyk, a me na kanaka he nui nō emi ka helu. Ma Kumyks nui Arabized moʻomeheu, lilo iho la lakou no ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia Chechen 'Aha'ōlelo etiquette, a kokoke i na hai i hele mai, mai ko lakou helu. ua hiki ke ala wale nō i loko o ka Soviet manawa, i ka wa a ko lakou mau helu ulu hikiwawe loa Avars. Mua, ka mea, ua landless, a ka poe i hoolimalimaia i Chechens kahu hipa.

Kēia mōʻaukala o ka Chechens a me kā lākou mau hoalauna ma ka mea i aneane pau Chechen kauhale i holoʻokoʻa mau kaiāulu kahi i noho Avars. Uku hana - kokoke i ke kauwa, no ka mea, no ka mea haʻaheo Chechens, ua noonoo loa ole-ihiʻihi kākou, a me ka mea i nō lawa mahalo no ko lakou hilahila Avars i hala. Akā, ua ole i ua hoʻopoina a me ka ua, he mau manawa ia Chechnya kenekulia hoʻolohe Avar haku. Wale i ka umikumamawalu kenekulia hoomaka Chechen mooolelo e kuai kuokoa, a laila wale nō no ka mea, o ka aina i ua hiki e hoolei aku i kēiaʻauamo.

Vainakh: resettlement

Pili aupuni antagonism koke 'ano o ka haipule ololi. Kokoke Dagestan mau a me ka ikaika hoouna aku i ke komohana kona momentum o Hoʻomana Mohameka ma i Chechens a me Ingush increasingly ethnically hōʻike '. Ka 'ole o nā lāhui Chechens ke keʻena ka loaʻa o ka helu' ano nui Dagestanians i hana Daghestanian leki.

Ma awawa Khasavyurt Apana o Dagestan, ma ka huli, noho Akkin-Chechens, aia nō ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneri tausani kanaka, a pau ka hale i ka Repubalika o Ingushetia a me Chechnya. Ua mountaineers, kokoke i ka makahiapo i ke ku e ana o ka Vainakh, ka poe i neʻe i mai ka borderland ma waena o nā republics elua. Ma hope o kaua Tamerlana Akkin ia me ka wela a me ka haʻalele i ka hikina, ka hoʻohuiʻana okoa leki Chechens. Ma kekahi hihia, ka mea, ua hoʻonoho iho i ka Chechen kaiāulu.

Vainakh kūpuna i noho ma na steppes, a me ka North Caucasus, i mea e pili ana i ka papa ?? eoi? O ka Chechen Repubalika. Ma ke Ka Wā Kaukani mua ua ua hana hoʻokipa Khazar Khanate me ka moku'āina hoomana, mamao aku, mai Hoʻomana Mohameka - Iudaio. Chechen ethnography nō hoopaa mai ai i kekahi e pili ana i ke kaiāulu, e waiho i kekahi 'hoailona ma ka mōʻaukala o ke kahua o ka Vainakh, mai ko lakou komo i loko o ke ola pili aupuni o ka Khazar Khanate ua loa kaila. Kekahi leki 'ana elevate kona lāhui i kekahi o na Iudaio kūpuna,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka Khazar i hala moolelo o ka Chechens a me Ingush hale kūʻai hou ma mua o ka nohoaliʻi.

delimitation

Loa nei, ka Chechens a me Ingush, i ka likeʻole ma waena o i mea e uuku ma mua o ia ma waena o ka Lūkini, a Belarusians, ua kūkākūkāʻia ma aaieieno? Aoeaiuo. Mau fraternal kanaka - aho paha e olelo, Vainakh kekahi kanaka i ka, māheleʻia i loko o nā nāʻoihana, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka dissociate. Maoli ai, i loio i ka hopena o ka hoʻoholo 'ana o ka Chechen Aupuni i i loaa. Akā, i ke kulana mea pahū. Hoʻololi i ka palena ma waena o nā republics - e wehe Pandora ka pahu, eʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻomaka i kāna hana,ʻaʻole wale nō o ka Chechen-Ingush, akā, no ka Ossetian-Ingush, ka mea aʻa iʻoi.

I ka moolelo o ka Ingush a me Ossetians foothill a me ka papu māhele o Ingushetia a me North Ossetia mau, mai ka pau ana o ka makahiki kenekulia, no ka mea, eia ka mea, i noho ai ua ahu nei a me ka hui ana i na mea he nui e like me ka mea i hiki ole pohihihi mai i ka mea i: ina ke kaiāulu a me Vainakh Ossetian. Hehe, ma na kenekulia i kēia mau'āina a noho i ka kekahi, alaila, na kekahi, a me ka lawelawe ana ma ke kamepiula hoʻohuihui i kekahi palena aooa? Ma waena o ka nui lāhui pūʻulu e noho ana i loko o mau mea. Honua, noonoo Ossetian pili i kekahi mau manawa laila i Ingushetia, ma Ossetia a me kēia mau lāhui kanaka i ke kiʻekiʻe o auou caiaiai Kabardians i noho ai 'aneʻi. A i ka wa i kakahiaka nui me kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia.

Ano, ina e hana na mea a pau "pono" ma ka Chechen, i kaʻeha e e kekahi mau mahalo lāhui kanaka. Kaulike nā koho i na mea he nui, o kela mea keia mea i kona iho. Ke disengagement, e hana i ka pono AND hoopaapaa, a hiki posodeystvuet kaʻoihana kaua. Ia kenekoa koi ana, a hiki i ka manawa o ia i ke kanawai, e oi ma mua o ua kūpono 'ole. I ka wa aʻu i puhi i ke kahea ana i ka naʻauao, a me ka ua i ka pane ana i ka ninau e pili ana i ke kumu mai, aole i like ka Chechens ka Ingush. ʻO ole a me ka loaa ole ia, o ka oi aku ia ke hoomanao i ka mea o Ingushetia ua hana hoʻokipa nā mea pakele i ka mau Chechen kaua - Ua loaʻa haneri o nā tausani o ka poʻe e malumalu ai ma laila.

No ke aha la i keia hana

O ka holo ana, i ka demarcation o ke kakahiaka nui 90 ka o ka hope de I facto. Chechnya kaua a Ingushetia i koe i loko o ka loio i? Aieao o ka Russian Hui, lalau iho la kekahi ma ka referenda a me ke koho lehulehu. Me ka outbreak o ka palena kaua ma waena o Ingushetia a me Chechnya oki ia e conditional, ka mea, ua palekana ma o poʻe kaua, a me ka maluhia koa. A pau i kēia lepo pipili no hoi ka mahele - a me ka waiwai a me ka hoʻomalu.

O ka holo ana, kēia kanakaʻelua, i nā Chechens a me Ingush, i ka likeʻole ma waena o i mea oi ma mua o ephemeral, kokoke loa i kekahi i kekahi. Ka mea, kaʻana kenekulia-kahiko ana, ana, 'ōlelo. Akā, me ka Ingush, he hoomana i hoi Aʻole 'ae' ia i ka e spineless, mai ae aku ia lakou e auhau ia lakou i kekahi mea'ē aʻe ka makemake. 'Aʻole i kekahi, e ole e ae. Low-pinepine 'oukou paio ana me ka mākaukau i ke kaua lola honua, ka waiwai nui flare i hou. A i ka wa e noonoo i ka helu o nā 'ano o nā mea kaua, i ka manawa i loko o ka'āina, ia mea oiaio scary.

prehistory

A lohe o Rusia hele mai i ka Caucasus, he nui Ingush poho ko lakou mau aina, kahi o nā Cossacks i noho no keʻa-palena a malie iho la. Ia mea ke kumu huli i ke koena o ke Kanawai Kaua mai e like keia: Ossetians he'ākilikai, ka Cossacks ku no White a me Ingush - no ka Reds, no ka mea, i'ōlelo mai ai i ka hoʻi o nā panalāʻau e noho ana i ka Cossacks.

Ma hope iho o ka lanakila o ka Terek Cossacks ua e haʻalele i ka noho wahi, mahope mai o ka Soviet aupuni mālama kona olelo mau. ASSR i kekahi - Highland - a hiki i 1924, a laila, aia ua kekahi mahele i loko o ke kū kaʻawale akau-Ossetian a me Ingush hua hoʻohui ka Sunzha Apana. Ke poʻo ua huina - Vladikavkaz. A i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 30 ka ua he Chechen-Ingush hana nona iho Oblast i ka 1937 o ka Chi ASSR e lilo.

kaua

Ana o papapa i ka makahiki 1944 alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka ASSR i hoopauia. Ua haawiia mai i Georgia, Dagestan a me North Ossetian ASSR ikea Grozny māhele 'āina a me nā panalāʻau. Ke kumu, ua oi aku ka maikaʻi: i ka holo pono o ka mobilization a me ka mahuka i ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ka Vainakh, ka haku o kaua i nā pūʻulu, ka betrayal, harboring Kelemānia paratroopers, i ka hana a hiki i ka Nazis - ka papa inoa mea nui. Ka papa hua'ōlelo 'aneʻi - ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa.

I mea ole no ka pa ma ke kua (a pinepine hiki), Vainakh deported i Central Asia. A ma keia hihia, ia mea,ʻaʻole i nanaia, oko mai Chechens Ingush. I ka makahiki 1956 i ka Vainakh, hoomaka ae la kekahi papakaukau e hoʻi i ko lakou mau wahi. ASSR Ua hoihoi hou ia, akā, no ka hapanui loa o ka ?? eoi? (Ke ole haawiia aku Georgians) i mua densely hoolahaia'ku [na kanaka. ʻO ia Ossetians. I loko nō o kēia, kokoke e pau i laweʻia aku e Chechen, a ua hoi aku la Ingush aina. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, i ka na kanaka] 'āpana hoʻomaka i nā kaua.

eighties

Ke loa hoʻomaka o na eighties Ua kaha maha ma kahi nihinihi hiki emi ka waiwai o ke kālā i loko o tensions maikai neighborly ana: i ka paio no ka Prigorodny Apana (Chermen Kambileevskoe, ka Okatoba), oiai i ka Ossetians koi e kipaku aku a pau o ka Ingush mai o ka repubalika. Haunaele hoʻomaka ', pu ma ka hoike o ke kaua' iniha, no ka paa o ka honua mea. Ingush? Aiiie e noho, i ka mea pono, noonoo iho la ka hoʻokae. Hoomau ana clashes a me na pepehi kanaka a me ko lakou pepehi.

A pau ia hele ma loko o ka '90s, a me ka Ingush e mau hoʻomanaʻo o ko lākou mau hana iloko o ka Apana World War, he nui o nā loulou gangs me ka Wehrmacht, ka pepehi repression o ka Red Army. I ka makahiki 1991, i ka Ingush zakonfliktovali Ossetian makai i ka poe he nui i i hoʻolauna i ka moku'āina o ka pilikia, a me ka Aha Kukamalu a hiki hoʻoholo i e concessions i na kanaka, hoonaukiukiia deportation. Akā, hoʻopaʻi'ōlelo ai ole.

Ka Soviet Union oki e ola ana, Chechnya hai kona kuokoa, Ingushetia a hoʻoholo i ka noho ana ma ka Russian Hui. I ka 1992 Ingushetia hou lilo i repubalika i loko o ka Russian Hui. I ka Ia manawa i loko o ka Prigorodny Apana ua he a pau moʻo o ka pepehi kanaka a Ingush, ma hope i ka mea i lawe mai i ka palena ma waena o Ingushetia a me North Ossetia, a me ka ino-ola me ka make apana hope nalowale. Ossetians - nui wela kanaka: kalepa ae la lakou makai hoʻomaka e pana i ka Ingush, ma hope i ka la mahope, i aeia e komo ole wale, akā, e hoʻohana i kāʻei pū a mea. War aole makemake ole e oki. Ingush wahi i ke kia o na kaua, a ninau aku i ka withdrawal o ka puali koa o ka Russian Hui, mai ka ?? eoi? Ee. Ke kaua hoʻomau.

Inā e haʻalele i ka Lūkini Caucasus

He aha la hoi? It E e koko chaos, e like me kaiakū noho, ao mai la ia ma ka awaawa ka hoao ana. Ka mea, hoomanao mea hiki ma Chechnya ma hope o ka piha extrusion o nā mea a pau i ka Lūkini heluna: ma laila i kekahi karaima, ka hewa, kanaka i kidnapped ole wale i loko o Chechnya, akā, ma ka'āina, a laila, he mau ka Wahhabis me kona unifying ideology, a kokoke i koke, hoomaka ae la ke kaua kūloko.

Mai ai ka maluhia ma ka Caucasus ua ole, ka mea nui, aole wale hiki ole e like ikaika moku'āina mea maʻa mau i laila, a lawe iā ia wahi. Hoalauna mea mau he iki aku, o ka emiʻeleu ka mea, e pepehi i kekahi i kekahi. A keu aku, aihue ana holoholona, powa ana, na wahine aihue, a laila, no nā mea a pau i kēia brutally ka hoopai. A i ka wa a ua he ikaika mawaho hooponopono ana - i ka kekahi, albeit i ka piha mea nō malama. No ka laʻana, i ka wa a ke alii ana o ka Russian aupuni a pau a me ka Soviet Union.

Me ka lima ikaika Ingush a Chechens hou e venturing ia kenekoa hoopaapaa ana me kekahi i kekahi, a me kona poʻe hoalauna a pau me. Unification o ka apuepue hiki. Manawa laua e kaua ana IeAUPIIe, IAa IO kōkua Sharia a me adat (aoao). Akā, e hoʻoponopono i ka Caucasus, e like me Sharia, a adat wale loa kokoke loa "ko lakou" - hoa kama'āina, hoahanau, a me ka loa hoopii, na elele o kekahi lahui. No ka mea, i loko o kēia māhele 'āina he nui helu o nā lāhui kanaka, i ka olelo hooholo mea olelo lealea, e hiki mai ana.

Ke kahuna arbiter i loko o ka Caucasus - pono. A me ka poe ikaika no lakou. Chechens Ingush hiki wale kuai: kōkua i loko o ka pogrom o ka Ossetians, no ka laʻana. A i 'ole, e olelo hoopomaikai mai ai komo i loko o ka noho ana o ka "Chechen aupuni a pau." Wale i keia hihia ike i ka mana o ka Chechen Ingush, a me ke ahiahi, paha, e hoʻomana. Ole bonuses, a pau kēia mau hoopaapaa i noho wale ma ka poe ikaika no lakou. Ua mau Ua hala aku, a ia meaʻaʻole paha i kekahi mea i loli i loko o nā makahiki.