ʻO ke aloha ao o ka Moana 'Akelanika. Hiʻona a me ka hōʻikeʻano

ʻO ke aloha honua o ka 'Akelanika' hilinaʻi ma luna o ka mahana,'ōmiko a me ka 'ē aʻe e emi iho ka wai o keia hapa o ka Kuhina o Pale Kaua. Na rula no ka ola o ka meaola lauwili me ka nui loa mai ka akau i ka hema. Nolaila, he mea he wahi waiwai i loko o kumu waiwai i loko o ka 'Akelanika, a me ka kŘpa a ilihune like ma ka helu o nā holoholona laha' i loko o ka umi, aole i ka haneri.

Ke kūlana o ka noho meaola i loko o ka kūlohelohe luna 'MO

ʻO ke aloha honua o ka 'Akelanika' uaʻike piʻi i kaʻiʻo ia lōʻihi-mamao wai āpana, mai ka akau i ka hema. Ke 'ano o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu maikaʻiʻole nā'āpana o ka Hawaiian holopapa, runoff mai ka'āina a me nā aʻe o ke ano. Sea wa, i ka lalo, a me ka nalu i ka home i na tausani o ka meaola e pili ana i kekahi mau aupuni o ke ano Honua. Mea kanu a me nā holoholona - ka loa nui eiiiiiaiou o ka luna 'maoli. Ka mea, eʻike piʻi i ka hopena o ke aniau, wai haku mele 'ana a me ka waiwai o nā pōhaku haku i ka lalo. I huli ai oe, o ka ke aloha ao nei o ka 'Akelanika' ololi ka'ē aʻe eiiiiiaiou o ke 'ano:

• ka līoho hoʻolako i ka wai me ka o oxygen;
• ka hanu o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona hiki aku ai i ka mahuahua o carbon dioxide maʻiʻo;
• kino iwi o nā panalāʻau o coelenterates e i ka hookumuia'na mai o ke hāpāpā a me ka hāpapa;
• meaola omoʻia i ka wai, mai ka mea pōhaku paʻakai, hoemi i ko lakou helu.

Ke aloha 'Akelanika' World (pokole)

Ka mahana a me ka'ōmiko meaʻano nui no microscopic ola mea e e i ka plankton a me ka līoho. Mau mea nui nā hoailona no ka Nekton - holoholona, noa-lana ana ma ka wai kolamu. Hiʻona hoouka holopapa, a me ka seafloor me ka nānā 'ana i hiki o benthic meaola - benthos. I loko o keia hui, eia he wahi lihi iki o ka coelenterates a me crustaceans. Aia nō i ka helu o nā hiʻona o ka? Ueony haku mele 'ana, characterizing ka ke aloha ao nei o ka' Akelanika. Photos o ka seabed, hoikeia ma lalo, ua hoakaka i ka manawa eʻike i keʻano o benthos ma ka subtropical a me ka Tropical lakikū. Rich lawaiʻa wai e hoopaaia ia mau mea o ka mālama nui? Aneii plankton ma ka pakiko, a wela cii. Ma kēia mau wahi aia mea heʻano o seabirds a me nā mammals. High lakikū akau a me ka hema o ka prevalence o kekahi manu eʻai ana ma ka wai luna, noa mai ka hau, a me ka? Aneii panalāʻau e hana ana ma ke kahakai.

phytoplankton

Unicellular līoho mea nui i kekahi hapa o ka plankton. Kēia hui nā diatoms, uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo, flagellates a me nā wahi meaola hiki ke kāʻamaʻai. Ka mea, noho i ka wai kia a hiki i ka hohonu o 100 m, akā, i ka i kā mākou nuʻa ua ike ia ma ka mua 50 m +, mai kona alo aku. ʻO ka nui o ka pāhawewe lā ke kai mehana o mahina i hiki aku ai i ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ke phytoplankton - "ua pua i nā" o ka wai ma ka pakiko, a Polar lakikū o ka' Akelanika.

nui mea kanu

Photosynthesizing uliuli, ulaula, eleele ka līoho a me nā laha 'o flora MO - nui i kekahi hapa o ka luna' maoli. Mahalo i ka mea kanu o ka loaa ana o oxygen no ka ha a me ka mahuaola i ka holoʻokoʻa ke aloha ao nei o ka 'Akelanika. Papa Inoa o ka aina kanu a phytobenthos mai nā 'aʻole wale nō ka līoho, akā, ua hakuloli i nāʻelele o ka angiosperms i noho i loko o ka wai, e like me hanau Eelgrass, Poseidonia. Mau "kai mauu" makemake pahee soils sublittoral ano ma hohonu o ka 30 a hiki i 50 m + papa anuʻu loa kai kula.

Typical ka poeikohoia o ka flora o ka Hawaiian holopapa i loko o ka cii anu a me ka mehana ma na aoao a elua o ka equator - kelp, ula ka līoho (whelk). Ka mea, e pili ana i ka lalo pōhaku hoʻokahi pohaku. Nā kanu i loko o ka wela ciia oʻuʻuku iho kona waiwai no ka mea, o ka mea ana wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui insolation.
Aneiai nui o ka līoho:

• eleele (kelp) - ai e malama no ka iodine, potasiuma a me ka algin;
• ula ka līoho - maka mea no ka ai a me ka mea lāʻau lapaʻau na hana;
• eleele Sargassum līoho - he kumu o ka algin.

zooplankton

Phytoplankton a koʻohune i ka ai no ka herbivorous microscopic holoholona. Ka uku ole ia lana i loko o ka wai kolamu, e lakou i ka zooplankton. Ua Ua nānā ma ka oi poeikohoia o ka pūpū. Nui hui i loko o meso- a me ka macroplankton (ctenophores, siphonophores, jellyfish, cephalopods, shrimp a me ka ia liilii).

Nekton a me benthos

Aia mea he nui pūʻulu o meaola e noho ana i loko o ka moana, hiki ke pale aku i ka puʻe o ka wai, e neʻe ke alalai ole ia ma kona kolamu. Mau nā mea hiki i nā holoholona o ka meakino a me ka nui nui like 'ole.

• Crustaceans. No a hiki i keia subtype o shrimp, pāpaʻi a me lobsters.
• Ka pūpū. Typical ka poeikohoia o ka pūʻulu - scallops, mussels, oysters, hee a me octopuses.
• Fish. Genera a me nāʻohana o ka superclass i ka oi aku ka nui - anchovies, mano, plaice, sprat, Salemona, kai nui uila, capelin, poho, pollock, haddock, halibut, Saredio, herring, mackerel,'iʻa, punanā hua, hake.
• Mea kolo. A mau 'elele - kai manu kuhukukū.
• Manu. E huli no kaʻai i loko o ka wai, penguins, albatrosses, petrels.
• Meaola mammals. Vysokorganizovannye holoholona - Dolphins,'ō koholā, sila, wepa.

Ke kumu o ka benthic holoholona mai, e alakai ana i ka lalo o ka i pili aoao o ke ola, e like me coelenterates (punakea,).

Helehelena o ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona laha 'ana o ka' Akelanika '

1. I ka'ākau a me ka hema o ka pa holoi ua hoailono aku la i loko o ke alo o? Aaoa o kekahi? Ueo a me genera.
2. Plankton? Ueony he iki, akā, i ka huina nui hiki kilakila cia, o ka oi aku i loko o ke aniau ciia. Kīwala'ō ma lalo diatoms, foraminifera, pteropods a me copepods (krill).
3. High liluwelo productivity - he hōʻailona e characterizes nā hiʻona o ke aloha ao nei o ka 'Akelanika. Ālai 'okoa mai o ka pa apŘ o ke ola kai pāpaʻu kokoke i ka mokupuni o Hawaii, i ka wai i ka hema-komohana a me ka akau-komohana o Aferika, marginal moana a me ka hikina United States holopapa,ʻAmelika Hema.
4. Tropical ciia, e like me ka olelo maluna, - ka noho lakou malaila kahi no phytoplankton.
5. Nekton hana a ka 'Akelanika i ka holopapa, a Hawaiian hene mea kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka like wahi e pili ana moana. Predominant iʻa iʻai ma luna o phytoplankton a me ka zooplankton (anchovy, herring, mackerel, lio mackerel, a me na mea e ae). I ka hamama wai i kālepa mea nui tunas.
6. Ke? Ueo richness o mammals - kekahi o nā hiʻona o ka holoholona honua o ka 'Akelanika. Ma ke kenekulia i hala, ka mea, ua undergone he nui ka make o, ka helu i ua hoʻemi.
7. Koʻa polyps mea,ʻaʻole i like me ia ma ka Pacific kīʻaha. 'Aʻole wale nō kai nahesa, kuhukukū.

Aia i likeʻole aʻe i wehewehe ana i na mea he nui o kēia mau hiʻona e emi iho i ka ke aloha ao nei o ka 'Akelanika. Ka hopena mai a pau o ka luna paipai i ka kēia: na kumu no ka oko ao e pili ana i ka mea uuku laula o ka 'Akelanika i loko o ka wela ciia, ke anoe ma ka pakiko, a Polar wahi. Akä naÿe, i ka Pacific a me Indian Ka Moana i ka loa nui i loko o ke koaʻe ke. Kekahi ololi i alakaʻi ai i ka hoahanau ilihune o ka 'Akelanika' wela-puni holoholona - ka aoao o ka hope glaciation, a kena ae la i ka nui ka huʻihuʻiʻana i loko o ka (Northern hemisphere).

ʻO ke aloha honua o ka 'Akelanika': ka lawaia? Iae

Pakiko, a Tropical lakikū ma ka'ākau a me ka hema hemispheres i waiwai i loko o ke ola. Mawaena o ka iʻa? Ueo o kalepa waiwai, - anchovies, pollack, punanā hua,'iʻa, hake, a me na mea e ae. Ua Ua koʻu mau mammals:'ō koholā, a kai liona. Other ano o liluwelo kumuwaiwai poe e mollusks, crustaceans, eleele a me ka ulaula ka līoho. Ocean mea kanu i hānai i Style a me ka hanalima aaioee. Ka hapanui o clams mea he delicacy, i komo ai i loko o ka lumi kuke o na aina (oysters, hee,ʻAiʻAi, scallops). Ke ia ano hiki ke haawiia i na holoholona crustaceans, me lobsters, māhikihiki a me nā pāpaʻi.

intensively lawe mai ka lawaia a me ka MeaʻAi O Ke Kai? iecaianoaaiiuo ma luna o ka holopapa, a me ka wahi o ka Hawaiian hene. Akā, i loko o nā makahiki 'ole i loko o aneiai holo hanawahine mau mea i mua ua hoano e ole e like me ka ikaika anthropogenic keiki. Nolaila, exacerbated? Aneie pilikia ole wale o Hawaiian mau mea, akā, i ka moana holoʻokoʻa.