1991 coup: 'ehaʻeha ka a me Ka Hopena

Aia He He mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina no kekahi makahiki, i hiki ke kapaia hoʻokahuli aupuni. A hiki i ka ulia pilikia i loko o ke aupuni escalated i ke kali, hiki ke hana, a hiki i kona koke 'ia ana Mikhail Gorbachev i hou, a me ka mea, i nā ho'āʻo pono e hoʻonā i ke kahua ma ka aina ma ka ikaika, a me na kanaka wae iho la oia i ka mea, e haawi aku i ko lakou aloha, ua he coup i loko o ka makahiki 1991.

Ke kahiko luna o ka moku'āina

Nui na alakai o ka CPSU, a koe hana i ka makeʻe kulana hooponopono ana, ike i ka ka kūkuluʻana hoʻomohala i nā hiki aku ai i ka make o ko lakou mana, akā, e mau nō ikaika kupono, e pale aku i ke kuai mihi o ka hoʻokele waiwai Lūkini. Ma keia aoao ka mea, ho'āʻo e pale aku i ka waiwai ulia.

Aka hoi, i mau luna i ai authoritative, i ki ina hana like o ka olelo malimali keakea mai ai i na aupuni neʻeʻana. No laila, ka mea wale ala mai o keia kulana, a no ia mea i ka loa paha - he hai mai ana o ka pilikia. 'Aʻohe i i makemake ia, ma ka pili ana i kēia mau hanana hoʻomaka 1991 coup.

Ka henua kulana o Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva, a hoopau mai i ke alakaʻi

Kekahi makeʻe kulana alakaʻi i ho'āʻo e kau puʻe ma Mikhail Gorbachev, ka mea i i kaʻoihana kaʻa ma waena o ka mea kahiko alakaʻi, a me ka poeikohoia o ka kemokalaka koa a pau i loko o kona koke 'ia. It Yakovlev a me Shevardnadze. Ua lolelua ka wahi Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka mea, i ke kiʻekiʻe o losing i ke kākoʻo mai o na aoao elua. A koke hoomaka ae la i ka ahakanaka e komo 'ike e pili ana i ka hiki mai coup.

Mai April i July, Mikhail Gorbachev i hoʻomākaukau i kekahi aelike, i kapaia "Novo-Ogarevo", ma i i hele e pale aku i ka'opi o ka Soviet Union. He manao e hoolilo i ka bulk o ka mana o ka Pekelala Repubalika. July 29 ua he halawai me Gorbachev Nursultan Nazarbayev a me Borisom Eltsinym. Ua ana i loko o au mamuli o ka nui loa o ka 'aelike, e like me ka pono me ka mai ana mai pohupani hale, mai ko lakou wahi o ka makeʻe kulana alakaʻi nui. A ia la ia mea a hiki i ka KGB. Penei, o ka hanana e noho kokoke ana i ka wā i loko o i ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina i kapa ia "ka August putsch i loko o ka makahiki 1991".

Ke kipi a me kā lākou mau koi

Maoli ai, ke alakaʻi Communist Party ua hopohopo e pili ana i ka hooholo ana o Mikhail Sergeyevich. A i kona hoomaha i hooholoia e hoʻomanaʻo i ke kahua me ka lawe o ka poe ikaika no lakou. Ma keʻano o ke kipi ana o na mea he nui kaulana personalities komo. Keia Vladimir Kryuchkov, ka mea ma ia manawa ua Luna hoomalu o ka KGB, Gennadiy Ivanovich Yanaev, Dmitriy Timofeevich Yazov, Valentin Sergeevich Pavlov, Boris Karlovich Pugo, a me na mea e ae, ka poe i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka 1991 coup.

Putsch August 18 Hoouna aku la ia Mikhail Sergeyevich, ka mea i ma hoomaha i loko o ka Crimea, he pae ko ka na pono o ka poe kipi. A lawe mai la lakou ia ia me ko lakou mau koi: e haʻi aku i ka moku'āina o ka pilikia. Akā, i ka wā Mikhail Gorbachev hōʻole, e hoopuniia lakou i kona noho, aʻoki aku au i nā 'ano apau loa o ka' ōlelo.

Na wahi aupuni, a me ka 'upu' ka mea, i halawai

I ke kakahiaka nui o Augate 19 i loko o ke kapikala o Rusia, ma kahi o 800 mau mea i kahikoiaʻi kaa, pu ia e kekahi poe koa o na kanaka eha tausani i hoʻolauna. Ma nā mea a pau Media ia hai i ka Media i hana i ka State pilikia Komite, a ia ia i luna o nā mea a pau mana, e hoomalu aku i ka aina. Ma kēia lā, kanaka e ala mai, e huli mai ma luna o lākou TV e puhi ia, ke ike wale nōʻaoʻao pale pau ole o ka Ballet kaulana i kapaia o "Swan Lake." Kēia i ke kakahiaka o ka August 1991 coup.

People kuleana no ke kipi, ua kūkākūkāʻia i Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachev ua seriously maʻi a me ka hulina i hikiʻole ke holo i ka moku'āina, a nolaila, ua hooholoia kona mana i ka Yanayev, ka mea i hope-pelekikena. Lakou manaolana i na kanaka a pau, ua maluhiluhi o ka ka kūkuluʻana, e ia ma kaʻaoʻao o ka mea hou aupuni, akā, i ke kaomi hālāwai kūkā i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ia mau mea, kahi āna i hana Gennady Yanayev, i ole i ka pono manaʻo.

Yeltsin a me kona mau poʻe kākoʻo

Hoomaka 1991 coup i hele pu ole putsch organizers. People i ole lawe lākouʻaoʻao. He nui na mea i manaoio kā lākou mau hana 'ino ai. Oi loa aku hoi ia ma August 19 ma ka huiʻana, a i paʻa ma waho o ka White House, Yeltsin kakau i ka lāhui kanaka. He hoike mai i ke kahua ma ka aina, a kūpono i loko o ka coup-1991 - mea he coup.

Photo o Boris Yeltsin, i ma ka manawa o ka olelo ana ma ke alo o kanaka, ua paʻi ma na nupepa, a hiki i ke komohana aina. Boris Yeltsin i ka manao e like me kekahi mau kānaka i koho maopopo kākoʻo i kona wahi.

Putsch 1991. pokole e pili ana i nā hanana i i wahi ma August 20 ma Moscow

A nui helu o Muscovites i hiki i na alanui ma August 20th. A pau o ia i koi 'ia e hoike mai i ka coup. The White House, kahi ona e waiho ana Boris, a me kona poʻe kākoʻo hoʻopuni na defenders (paha, e like me ka mea i kapa ia, ka pale aku i ka coup). Lakou kukulu barricades, a hoʻopuni ihola lākou i ka hale,ʻaʻole makemake e hoʻi i ka mea kahiko kauoha.

Mawaena o lakou, he ai nui Muscovites, aʻaneʻane ka holoʻokoʻa kala like 'ole o ka intelligentsia. O ka mea kaulana Mstislav Rostropovich pela lele i loko mai o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, e kākoʻo i ko lakou kanaka hoʻokahi. Ke putsch o Augate, 1991, o ka a na kumu - ka makemake ole o ka makeʻe kulana alakaʻi i makemake e haawi i ko lakou mana, rallied he nui loa o kanaka. Ka hapanui o'āina kākoʻo ka poe i kokua i ka White House. A me nā hanana hōʻike aku i nā mea a pau i ke alakai broadcaster.

Ke ole o ke kipi, a me ka hoʻi o Peresidena

H ÷ ike ana i ka nui hookuli ana i kena ae la i ka coup olelo hooholo, e ka ino i ka hale o ka White House, Ua hāʻawi lākou iʻekolu i loko o ke kakahiaka. Kēia hanana weliweli alakai aku i ka oi ma mua o kekahi i luahi na ka. Akā, me ka mau, o ka coup pilikia. Mau pūkaua nui, koa, a hiki i ka hapanui o ka poʻe kaua "Alpha" hōʻole i ke ahi ma luna o maʻamau poe kanaka. Ua hopu ia ka poe kipi, a me ka pelekikena ua hoi maluhia a hiki i ka kapikala ma ka canceling a pau na kauoha o ka coup ka loa. No laila, 1991 i pau ai August coup, ka

Akā, hoʻololi he nui loa i kēia mau lā,ʻaʻole wale nō ke kapikala akā, i ka mea a pau aupuni. Kēia mau hanana i wahi i ka'ano'ē loli i loko o ka mōʻaukala o na aina. Ka Soviet Union oki e ola ana, a me ka mana pili aupuni o ka moku'āina, eʻaumākua. A hiki i ka 1991 coup, ma Augate 22 ma Moscow rallies i paʻa hou, no ko ka i ka kemokalaka neʻeʻana o ke aupuni. Ka mea, i na kanaka e hali ana i ka lole o ka hou Tri-kala like 'ole o ka aina hae. Boris noi i nāʻohana o ka a pau ka poʻe i make i ke kaua ana o ke kala White House, e like me ka mea e pale aku i kēia mau lono kaumaha hanana pilikia. Akā, ma ka mea a pau e noho aha lealea lewa.

Ke kumu no ka holo pono o ka coup, a me ka'opi hope o ka Communist aupuni

Ua pau i ka 1991 coup. Ke kumu i alakai aku ai i kona nele, ua 'ano ahuwale. Mua o nā mea a pau, ka hapanui kanaka e noho ana ma ka Lūkini moku'āina, hou makemake e komo hoʻi i loko o ka manawa o ka stagnation. He nui loa i hoikeia hilinaʻiʻole o ka Communist Party. Other kumu - keia hapa-puʻuwai hana o ka poe kipi lakou iho. A, ma ka mea ku ole, heʻano pākīkē ma ka aoao o ke aupuni koa, a i na poe e Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin, oia ua loaa kākoʻo i wale mai i ka nui lehulehu o ka Lūkini kanaka, akā, i loko o Western'āina.

1991 coup ua ole wale lono kaumaha hopena, akā, i lawe mai i ka'āina nui hou. He ua i ka mea hiki ole i ka malama i ka Soviet Union, a no hoi, e pale aku i ka hou aku o ka mana o ka CPSU. Mahalo i Boris Nikolayevich kakau i kekahi kauoha, e ke wehe 'ia kona ana ma hope o kekahi manawa i ua mea hoʻoheheʻe a pau Komsomol a me Communist a papa hana ma ka moku'āina. A Nowemapa 6 ka aʻe rula ana definitively banned Communist Party hanana.

Lono kaumaha hopena o ka August coup

Ke kipi, a me ka poeikohoia o ka pilikia Komite, e like me ka pono me ka poe i 'Imi kākoʻo ko lakou wahi, i koke hopu. Kekahi o ko lākou helu i ka hoʻokolokolo 'hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho. 1991 putsch koi kekahi mau ola o ka maʻamau poe kanaka ka poe i hele mai i ka hoomalu ana i ka White House hale. Kēia kanaka i hāʻawiʻia ka inoa o Hero o ka Soviet Union. A me kā lākou mau inoa mau loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina. It Dmitry Komar, Ilya Krichevsky a me Vladimir Usov - 'elele o Moscow opiopio, e kū ana ia ma ke ala o ka neʻe kapa kila kaa.

Nā hanana o ia wā loa i kela aoao o ke au o Communist rula ma ke aupuni. Ka'opi o ka Soviet Union lilo'ē aʻe, a me ka nui lehulehu nā paʻi hua hoopau ai i ke kākoʻo i ke kulana o ka kemokalaka koa. Oia ua i ka hopena ma luna o ka moku'āina coup ana. August 1991 hiki maluhia e noʻonoʻo i ka wahi e ikaika huli i ka Lūkini moku'āina mōʻaukala i loko o ka okoa loa ka ao ao. A no loko mai o kēia wā o ka dictatorship i stvergnuta na nā paʻi hua, a me ka wae ana o ka hapa nui ua ma kaʻaoʻao o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu a me ke ku okoa ana. Rusia ua komo i ka hou wā o? Acaeoey.