Aceticʻakika

A i 'ole ke aloha monobasic carboxylicʻakika, ka lātoma o i he mau kalapona nā'ātoma a me ka carboxyl pūʻulu (loaa ae nei i kona inoa, no ka mea, he o ka carbonyl a me ka carboxyl pūʻulu), kapaʻia ethane (ma analogy me ka alkane me ka hookahi helu o ka kalapona nā'ātoma) a aceticʻakika. Ua, e like a pau haʻahaʻa lālā aliphatic o keia ano o ke aloha i huiʻia, i ka pungent ala. Kona Nine Inch haʻilula hiki ke palapalaia e like me: CH3COOH. Ma Ambient kumu he colorless wai. Nuʻa - 1,05 g. / Cm³. Molar nuipa Ua like ia 60,05 g. / Mol. Ua heheʻe i ka wela o ka 16,75 ° C (ma lalo o ka solidified nā pōaka like i ka hau, no laila, kapa hau). Maʻi hēhē ma ka wela o ka 118,1 ° C. Ke refractive inideka Ua like ke 1.372.

Me ka Poeikohoia o keia ano o ke aloha i huiʻia mea nawaliwali ma mua o hydrochloric a sulfuricʻakika, akā, i ka wa a hoohalike me carbonicʻakika, ka loa loa ka aceticʻakika. Ke Nine Inch ka waiwai ka manao ana o kona mau lala o ka carbonyl nā lātoma a me hydroxyl pūʻulu. Ka mea, ho ololi no laila, ikaika i kekahi i kekahi i ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka mea wale nō a hiki i ka meaʻuʻuku loa reminiscent o na waiwai o ka carbonyl i huiʻia (aldehydes, amides, ketones, nā mea kemika) a me ka waiʻona mai ke kino. Ionization ia lŘlŘ O-H linkages aie huki electrons carbonyl pae. No laila, i ka pilina ma ka nui maʻalahi e dissociate ma mua o ka waiʻona mai ke kino. Ke pohupani hale o electrons mai ka hydroxyl pae i ka carbonyl hapa 'ia' ho'ēmi i kā ke kalapona'Ātoma o ka maikaʻi malama, e ka mea paakiki, e hoouka aku ia me ka nucleophile. No ia mea, nui na waiwai interacting maʻalahi me ka carbonyl i huiʻia mai i pane koke me CH3COOH.

I ka mea uuku loa aceticʻakika hiki dissociate e lilo hydrogen Ion: CH3COOH + H2O ↔ CH3CO2ˉ + H3O +. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka neutralization me ka mau kumu, i kūpono i ka paakai ho okumu: NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O . Carboxylicʻakika paʻakai i nui ka wai wailana. Kēia hiʻona kōkua ai i nā ka pōʻalo mai maoli kumu. No ia mea,ʻakika noho ana mawaena o ka mua kaʻawale mai ka ke aloha 'ona. No ka laʻana, ethane Ua loaa mai ka vinega. Ikaika hydrogen paa ana i hanaʻia ma waena o nā lātoma o CH3COOH, ma laila i loko o ke aloha nā'uheheʻe, a ma ke kinoea pae, ka mea i koe me he dimer.

Aceticʻakika a me ka wai i miscible i loko o nā mea a pau huliāmahi. Ua hoʻololi kona waiwai ke kaumaha ma muli o ka lehulehu. Moderatelyʻano pākīkē i ke hooheheeia, a me ka hao, a me ka makanekiuma kiniki. Keia e haawi i ko hydrogen a me ka paʻakai-kapa acetates: mg + 2 CH3COOH → (CH3COO) 2Mg + h2 ↑. Mai Aluminum ano heʻakika-hoʻopale passivation ho film o Aluminum'okesaside, ka Aluminum pahu, a me ka kuhiliʻole kila poʻina nalu i hoʻohana no ka amo CH3COOH.

I hana, aceticʻakika ua hua mai ma'okesaside o ka aldehyde o ka ia inoa: 2CH3COH + O2 → 2CH3COOH. Mai ka 800 kg o ka aldehyde hoomakaukau tona CH3COOH. Akā, oi nā hana no ka hana - he kinowai pae'okesaside o butane me ka lewa o oxygen i ka wela o 150-170 ° C a me ka manaʻo koikoi o ka 50 me ka lewa: CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 2O2 → 2CH3COOH + 2 H2O. I mea, o ka naoh mea nui oi huikau ma mua o hōʻike. Ma waho aceticʻakika, hua mai la i ka helu o ka hopena ia. Pau pu ua mau pahu i kēia mau kiʻina hana mai (no ka mea, o ka mea kiekie oia ka aila kumukūʻai) ma ka carbonylation o metanola: CO + CH3OH → CH3COOH. Ke kaʻina hana i loaa mai ma ke alo o ka hōʻeleu i mea i ka paʻakai o ka rhodium, a me promoters (activators) - iodide Ion. Ka hiki mai o kekahi microorganisms i kaʻawaʻawaʻana 'eto ka waiʻona, i ukali ia e'okesaside ma CH3COOH, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o biochemical? Iecaianoaaiiuo: C2H5OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2O . Ke kaʻina Ua loa eiiieaena, a lawe wahi i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Aceticʻakika ua ua hanaʻia e like me ka GOST 19814-74 (kemikala a regenerated) GOST 18270-72 (kiʻekiʻe maemae) a me GOST 61-75 (kū'ē). Kēia mea he nui Nine Inch mea kemikala a me ka hanalima Nine Inch i keʻano nui hoʻohana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka lula ea, kemikala olona, make, ho film a me na mea e ae. He ka maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o vinyl'ākeka i ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka loaa sevilene (me'etolina comonomer). Ka hoʻohana a aceticʻakika aie i kona Nine Inch a me ka physical waiwai. CH3COOH paʻakai i mordants e malama no ka hoʻopunipuni i ka make ma luna o ka puluniu.

Ma nā hale o nāu kekahi aceticʻakika ua pinepine hoʻohana like me ka descaling hope paha. Ma ka meaʻai hana ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia ma lalo o ke kivila E260 ai mea hoʻonui e like me kaʻakika mea hoʻokonukonu, a me ka condiment. Food mea hoʻonui apono ia no ka hana i loko o ka eu, US, Australia a me New Zealand. Ma ka meaʻai hana ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka pickling huahana ma ke ano o ka vinega me ka lehulehu o CH3COOH i loko o ka wai o 3 i 15% a me ka vīnega i ka nui hapa iki o ka walaʻauʻana waiwai o 70%. Mau nā mea kemika o aceticʻakika ia i loko o ka confectionery oihana puolo.