Alexander 1: he pōkole Kawaihae a me characterization o ka Papa

Alexander Pavlovich Romanov Ua hānauʻia ma December 12, 1777 ma St. Petersburg. He ua ka punahele moopuna o Ana II, a me ka makahiapo o ka hoʻoilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o Paulo. Me ka makua kāne o ke keiki ua loaa he kanana nei pilina, no laila, i ho'ālaʻiaʻo ia e kona kupuna wahine Pelekane.

hooilina i ka noho aliʻi

I ia manawa, ua hanohano manaʻo o ka mālamalama a me ka humanism. E like me ia hoʻonaʻauao a me Alexander 1. pōkole Kawaihae o ka wā e hiki mai mō'ī ÷ nā haʻawina a me ka nānā 'ana ma o ka hana o Rousseau. I ka Ia manawa ka makuakane i ao i ke keiki i ka kaua mea.

I ka makahiki 1793, i ke kanaka opiopio mare i kekahi Alii Kelemānia, i loaa ma ka bapetizo ana o ka inoa o Elizabeth Alekseevna. A laila, hookauwa aku la ia i loko o ka Gatchina poʻe hao wale i i ua hana e Paulo. Me ka lilo i ka make ana o Ana ka makua kāne Auguseto, a me Alexander - kona hooilina. No ka mea, e e maʻa i na mea o ka moku'āina, Alexander i noho ana i loko o ka Senate.

Alexander 1, he pōkole Kawaihae a ua piha i ka mālamalama, ua infinitely mamao aku, mai kona makua kāne a me kona mau manao. Paul pinepine ua kūkākūkāʻia me kana keiki, a hiki hookaumaha loa ia ia mau manawa, e lawe i ka hoohiki o ka laulea. Emperor manic makau o conspiracies, i i puunaue i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia.

Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka March 12, 1801 ma St. Petersburg coup d'etat. Ma ke kikowaena o ka mea, ua i ka pae ana o na'lii. Hiki i keia manawa, i ka noiʻi hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ina Alexander ike e pili ana i na mea kuka o ka poe kipi. Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, ka mea, ua ike i ka wā o Paulo i make, ka mea i haʻi ai i ka hooilina. A lilo iho la oia i ka Auguseto o Rusia.

mihi

I kakahiaka nui makahiki o ka Politika Aleksandra 1 Ua loa hoʻomōhala ma ke kipi hou 'ana o ka aina. Ke keʻehi mua ua he palahalaha e pili ana. Ua hookuu nui freethinkers, a poino ka wa Paulo i ka noho aliʻiʻana. Mawaena o lakou ua Alexander Radishchev, ka mea i lilo i ka makemake no ka puke o ka (essay) "Holoʻana mai St. Petersburg a hiki i Moscow."

Ma hope, Alexander hilinaʻi ma ka manao o highborn hoa, ka mea i kekahi hui malu Komite. Me lakou pu o ka Emperor ka opiopio hoa - Paulo Stroganov, Viktor Kochubey, o Adamu Czartoryski, a pela aku ...

ʻO nā mea hoʻololi Ua pahuna ma mama serfdom. I ka 1803 ua ke kānāwai ma luna o noa poe mahiai, ma lalo a konohiki mea e hiki ke hookuuia na kauwa a me ka aina. Russian patriarchal mea i ole ae Alexander, e hele no ka oi kuleana me ke kapuai hookahi. Loli hiki ke ku imua o na kaukaualiʻi. Akā, i ke alii kiaaina i ana banned ka serfdom i loko o ka Baltic aina, kahi Lūkini kauoha, he mau malihini.

1 Alexander nā mea hoʻololi i ka pilina pū i ke kūpono 'ana o ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana. Additional nā pāhana i loaa mai Moscow State University. I weheia Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (a pau āna e aʻo i nā keiki Alexander Pushkin).

hana Speranskii

Ke hea ka hope i ka Auguseto ua Mikhail Speransky. He hoʻomākaukau i kaʻAha Kuhina mihi, i i endorsed e Alexander 1. pōkole Kawaihae o ke alii i loaa mai kekahi holomua Initiative. New nā keʻena kahu Ua auou caiaiai inefficient papa Petrine'āina.

I ka 1809 prepares i ka hei ana o ke kaawale ana o ka mana i loko o ka moku'āina. Eia naʻe, Alexander i iʻaʻa e haawi aku i ke ola i kēia manaʻo. He makaʻu i ka inaina o ka aristocracy a me kekahi hale coup. No ia mea, e ho'ōla Speranski hoʻoneʻe i loko o na aka, a ua hookuu aku la ia. Kekahi kumu no ke aha la i olokaa i na nā mea hoʻololi, ua i ke kaua me Napoleon.

kuwaho

I ka pau ana o ka XVIII kenekulia Farani ua hoano e he kipi nui. Aupuni mō'ī i luku aku. Aka, ike mua ia oia Repubalika, a laila, hoʻokahi-kanaka alii o ka holomua koa alakaʻi He Hoikehonua. France me he hotbed o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni fervor lilo i hoa paio o nā aliʻi e kāpae monarchies oʻEulopa. A Ana, a me Paulo kaua me Paris.

Emperor Alexander 1 kekahi hui ka Anati-Palaniʻahahui. Naʻe, i ka pio ma Austerlitz, alakai aku ai i ka mea i Rusia ua ma luna o ka verge o ke pio i ka 1805. A laila, i ka Politika Aleksandra 1 hoʻololi:ʻo ia halawai He Hoikehonua, a manao kekahi kuikahi o Tilsit, ma i hoʻokau i ka neutrality, a ma Rusia ua ka manawa e hoʻohui Finland, a Moldova, a i hanaia. Ua mea ma luna o ka hou'ākau ?? eoi? Emperor hoʻohana i kona piʻi like nā mea hoʻololi.

Finland Ua hoohui me he Luna Nui Duchy me kona Sejm a me Kivila pono. I ka wā e hiki mai, i ka aina i ka loa noa i loko o ka moku'āina holoʻokoʻa iloko o ka XIX kenekulia.

Naʻe, i ka 1812, Napoleon ua hoʻoholo ihola e hoouka Rusia. Pela i hoomaka World War II, ike i ka mea a pau, "Kaua a me ka maluhia" Tolstoy. Ma hope iho o ke kaua o Borodino ke Farani i Komikina'Āina Moscow, akā, ka mea, ua he fleeting holomua o He Hoikehonua. Haʻalele me ka waiwai, a laila holo akula Rusia.

I ka Ia manawa, Alexander 1, he pōkole Kawaihae i ka piha o okoa hanana, alakaʻi i ka poʻe koa i loko o nā kai eʻe. He triumphantly komo Paris, a lilo iho la ia i ka meʻe o ka pau ana oʻEulopa. Triumpher poai puni i ka Lūkini'aheʻelele ma ka Ahaolelo Lahui o Vienna. I kēia hanana, i ka hopena o ka'āinapuniʻole. E like me ka olelo hooholo o Rusia, e eia hoohui Poland. He ua, ua haawiia mai kona iho Kumukanawai, a Alexander i oleʻaʻa e komo mawaena o ka aina.

nā makahiki

Ua kaulana nā makahiki hope o ka autocrat mae wale nā mea hoʻololi. Ke Auguseto i hoihoi i ka mysticism, a lilo seriously ka maʻi. He make i ka makahiki 1825 ma Taganrog. Heʻaʻohe āna keiki. Dynastic ulia Ua lilo i mea no ka uprising o ka Decembrists. E like me ka hopena, hele mai la i ka mana, i ka kaikaina o Alexander ma Rotehama, ka mea i lilo i ka hōʻailona o ka naoh a me ka conservatism kaikaina.