Alexander Solzhenitsyn: i ka huina hoonui, he manawa pōkole hōʻikeʻano

Kekahi o nā mea kākau o ka XX ke kenekulia, i keia la nona ka hana o ka like hoihoi i ka noiʻi, o Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Hana ma kēia mea kākau, i kuhikuhi ia ma ka lākiō kaiapili-kālai'āina. Ka Ikepili o na hana o Solzhenitsyn - ka theme like o keia Haawina.

kumuhana apau loa buke

Solzhenitsyn kaʻike hoʻokumu - o ka mōʻaukala o ka Gulag pae. Ke peculiarity o kona mau puke mea i loko o ke kiʻi o ke kanaka 'alo i nā koa o ka hewa. Alexander Solzhenitsyn - i ke kanaka i hele ma ke kaua, akā, ma ka hopena ua hopuʻia no ka "kipi." He moe no i ka palapala, ai 'hana, a makemake i ka makaikai, a hiki i hiki i ka mōʻaukala o ke kipi, no ka mea, oʻaneʻi imi ka hoʻoulu. Akā, ke ola hoolei i kona nā kumuhana. Halepaahao, eaaa?, Hoʻokuewa wale 'ia a me ka maʻi maʻi. A laila, kupaianaha ho'ōla, ao kaulana. A eia ka mea hope - ka expulsion mai ka Soviet Union.

No laila, i ka mea a Solzhenitsyn kakau iho la? Nā hana o kēia mea kākau - he lōʻihi ke ala, e pakiko-? Ienoai. A ka mea, ua haawi wale ia malaila mea he nui ola ka hoao ana a me ka kiʻekiʻe moʻomeheuʻilikai. Kēia mea kākau moʻolelo mea mau i kona wahi o ke ola. He mea e ike lakou ia lakou iho me kekahi poe e ae, mai kekahi mau distantly.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn i ka lōʻihi ala hele. He ike aku la i ke ao nei, e loaʻa mai i ka mea, i ke kanaka, he uuku kuu manawa e ola, nā kāohi a me ka uhane. He ola. Eia hoʻi, i kēia hiki ke noonoo i loko o kāna hana. Mahalo i ka waiwai a me ka pohihihi keia palapala, ai 'makana puke lilo ka waiwai o Lūkini kanaka, a Solzhenitsyn i.

nā hana

Ka papa nā ke kēia mau novels, novellas a me ka pōkole moʻolelo:

• "I kekahi lā Ivana Denisovicha."
• "Matryona".
• "Hana 'ia ma Kochetkova wahi."
• "Zakhar Kalita".
• "Youngsters".
• "A pau o ka ia."
• "Ka Gulag pae'āina."
• "Ka First Circle".

Prior i ka puke mua o kana mau hana a oi aku mamua o umikumamalua makahiki i loko o ka palapala, ai 'hana o Solzhenitsyn. Nā hana i helu 'ia ma luna - wale i kekahi hapa o kona poe hooilina. Akā, i kēia mau puke mea he pono heluhelu no kela kanaka no ka mea Russian o kā lākou 'ōlelo. Kumuhana apau loa na hana o Solzhenitsyn ka mea, i hoʻomōhala i ka weliweli o ke kahua kaua ola. Kēia mea kākau, e like kekahi mea'ē aʻe i loko o ka XX kenekulia, ua hiki ke kolo `kekahi maoli Lūkini külana. Ano, hitting kona ia'ku ma muli o kekahi mau kumu a me ka hohonuʻikeʻia i loko o ka ola.

A lā i loko o ke ola o ka pio

Ke hoʻomoana theme like ua kokoke ia i ke kanaka Soviet. Most ia wä, i loko o ka mea i ka mea i papaia e kūkākūkā. No hoi, a ma hope o 1953 i ole ae makau i ka olelo e pili ana i ka pōʻino i mai ai i loko o nā kolu o ka 'ohana. Hana noʻeau Solzhenitsyn ka "One Day ma ka Ivana Denisovicha" Ua lawe mai ai i ke kaiāulu i kekahi ethic, forged i loko o ka poe hoomoana. Ma na kahua huli mai ke kanaka i ka e ole, e ole hoʻopoina i kona hanohano. Shukhov - ka meʻe o ka moʻolelo Solzhenitsyn - kēlā hoʻomoana lā ola, a me ka ho'āʻo ana e ola. Akā, i nā'ōlelo a ka mea kahiko paahao, oia no lohe i loko o ke kanaha-kolu o ka makahiki, pauhia i loko o kaʻuhane "e make ka mea nana e palu ai nā'īlio i ka pola."

Solzhenitsyn i loko o ka moʻolelo hiehie mau wahi o Hawaii: ka mea kākau a me ka meʻe. Ka mea, i ole contradictory. Ka mea, i kekahi, he pono ole ideology. Oko ao i loko o ia mau mea - o ka nui o ka generality a me ka laula o ka mea. Loaʻa ai differentiation manaʻo o ka meʻe, a me ka mea kākau o ka hoopaapaa ana ke aloha i Solzhenitsyn ma kekahi stylistic mea.

"Ivana Denisovicha," ka mea kākau hoʻi a hiki i ka moʻokalaleo he mea Lūkini kua'āina. Solzhenitsyn ka meʻe ola, e hilinai ana ma luna o ka mea poʻe akamai, me ka manao nui ma mua e pono ai, a me ka hana ole refleksiruya.

By Ivan Denisovich i ole noho indifferent heluhelu o "New World" ka palapala, ai Magazine. Puke moʻolelo hua mai resonance ma kaiāulu. Akā, ua loaʻa i ka 'aoʻao o ka periodical ma mua, ka mea, i ka kekahi, he pilikia ala. Here, pū, ka poe noonoo ole ano o ka Lūkini lanakila. Ka mea kākau iho i loko o kona autobiographical hana ua kūkākūkāʻia i "Ivan Denisovich" ua ma ka puka, no ka mea, o ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka "New World" i kekahi mea'ē aʻe ma mua o kekahi kanaka no na kanaka - Aleksandr Tvardovsky. A me ka papa kuhikuhiE noʻonoʻo loi o ka aina - Nikita Khrushchev - hoihoi ". Hoʻomoana ai ke ola ma na maka o kekahi poe noonoo ole ke kanaka"

pono Matrona

Mālama i manaʻo kanaka i kumu e i emi e ike, ke aloha, selflessness ... kēia mea o ka pilikia i hōʻike 'ia ma ka hana o ko Solzhenitsyn ka "Matryona". Ke heroine o ka moolelo - he mehameha wahine, misunderstood e kana kane, stepdaughter, hoalauna, a me na mea ana i nohoʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao no ka hapalua o ka kenekulia. Matrona i amassed waiwai, akā, e hana no noa i ka 'ē aʻe. ʻo ia, aole ia e huna ke kanaka huhū, aʻano i ka iʻike i nā meaʻino a pau overwhelm i kaʻuhane o kona mau hoalauna. Ka mea, o na kanaka e like Matrona, ma ka manao o ka mea kākau, a ua mālama i ke kauhale a me ke kulanakauhale, a pau ko makou aina.

moʻolelo palapala

Ma hope o ka pio, Solzhenitsyn ola ana aneane he makahiki i loko o kekahi keʻena kauhale. He hana me ke kumu. Au i? Ieaoa he lumi mai ka kūloko kamaaina, ka mea i lilo i ka prototype o ka heroine o "Matryona" moʻolelo. I ka moʻolelo i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1963. I ka hana a ua mahalo mahalo nā poʻe heluhelu a me nā manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Luna Nui hoʻoponopono o "New World" e A. Twardowski mai la ua Malia paha, a hemahema hoi wahine, o Matrona hoʻolimalima i ka waiwai o ka mea heluhelu aie i kona waiwai uhane honua.

Ma ka Soviet Union, a pau nā moʻolelo hiki hoolaha Solzhenitsyn. Ka hana o ka "The First Circle", "Ka Gulag pae" Ua paʻiʻia no ka manawa mua i loko o ke Komohana.

noʻeau noiʻi

I kana hana Solzhenitsyn hui i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka lanakila, a me ka mea kākau o ka hele. Hana ma "Ka Gulag pae", ke hoike elua o makou haneri oi ma mua o kanaka i hoʻohana Solzhenitsyn. Nā hana o ke hoomoana ola, a me ka poʻe e noho ana sharashka me ka nānā 'ole wale ma luna o lākou iho ka hoao ana. - ka puke "Ka Gulag pae '" i kekahi manawa e maopopo ole i ia mea, oiai heluhelu i ka hana ana o ke akamai a me ka' epekema hana? Akā, wale i ka 'ikepili helu i ia i ka hopena o ke ao. Iho inā pilikia ka haumāna a me nā moʻolelo o nā hoa aeia Solzhenitsyn e hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo i ka mea āna i ohi ia.

Ke originality o ka puke

"Ka Gulag pae '" ua haku o ekolu puke. Kēlā me kēia mea kākau i kekahi mau okoa manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka poe hoomoana. Ma ke kumu o kēia hihia, e nānā i ka hopu ana o ka 'ike loea hou ana o ka hoʻokolokolo' ana. Ke sophistication me i ka oihana limahana hana i loko o ka Lubyanka, kamahaʻo. E hoopii aku ai i kekahi kanaka o ka mea āna i hana ai, ae mālama 'luna i ka moʻo o ka luna' manipulations.

Ka mea kākau i ka mea heluhelu manaʻo nei ke ma ke kahua o ka hoʻomoana inmate. Ka puke "Ka Gulag pae '" - he mea pohihihi ia,ʻo a pulls. Familiarity me kanakaʻike manaʻo, mutilated ikaika makau a me ka weliweli,ʻano a heluhelu hoi i hoomanawanui i inaina o ka totalitarian? Eia i loko o nā mea a pau kona hoike ana.

Man haliu ae la ia i loko o ka Con, hoʻopoina e pili ana i ka pono, ka manaʻo politika a me nā loina aesthetic. Wale kekahi pahuhopu nui - ke ola. Oi loa o kona makau i ka ka loli ma ka psyche o ke pio, lawe mai i loko o ka idealistic, kiekie manaʻo o kona wahi iho i loko o kaiāulu. Ke brutality a me ka unscrupulousness e kanaka mea kokoke hiki ole ai i ke ao nei,ʻaʻole ia e ia ia - laila uhai mai iaʻu a mau loa aku.

Ma ka palapala, ai 'lola honua

No ka nui makahiki, Solzhenitsyn hana kana mau hana, a laila, puhi. Ka maʻiʻo o ka luku moʻolelo i kākau lima waiho wale i loko o kona hoʻomanaʻo. Noke, ao ke ano o ka lola honua hana no ka mea kākau, e like me Solzhenitsyn, moe i loko o ka mea ana, ua hookuuia oia i ka mea kākau, mai ka aoao mai o na censors, a me ka luna hoʻoponopono. Akā, ma hope he umikumamalua makahiki o ana kākau pōkole moʻolelo a me nā novels, ka mea i koe iho inoa, hoomaka ae la mehameha hana eʻumi waleʻia aku ia ia. Leo Tolstoy kekahi manawa, olelo mai la ia i ka mea kākau moʻolelo e ole kala aku i kona mau puke i loko o kona wā e ola. No ka mea, Ua moekolohe. Solzhenitsyn koi i na olelo a na Classics nui ke olelo, akā, pono noʻonoʻo loi i kēlā me kēia mea kākau nō.