'Amelika mea hana keaka Gabriel mahiai: Kawaihae, hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Ka lehulehu mea hana keaka, paha maikaʻi ike no ka lono kaumaha moʻolelo o kona ola. Sensational a pinepine fictional moʻolelo e hōʻike ana i ka scandalous i hihia pili i mahiai, relished i loko o ka ahakanaka, ka oi aku o ka involuntary i hoʻokomo i loko o ka psychiatric haukapila. Loea a me ka controversial Gabriel mahiai i ke kumuhana o ka hoohewa aku no kekahi a me ka hoʻoulu no ka 'ē aʻe. I ka wahine paha, o ka mea hana keaka a me kona ola i ala a hiki i ka hanaia'na o ka Film ekolu, puke ekolu, lehulehu puke pai 'atikala a me nā mele o.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Gabriel Elena mahiai i hānauʻia ma ka September 19, 1913 ma Seattle, Hawaii. Kona makua kāne i kekahi loio, a me kona makuwahine - ka nohona hana. Francis noho 'ana kamaliʻi i hooholoia ma ka oluolu a me ka nui, ka mea hiki ke kapaia pomaikai, ina ole no ka pāonioni paʻa ikaika a me kona makuwahine, ka mea i kekahi kanaka loa ikaika. Kela manawa, i makahiki kona kula, ke kaikamahine loaʻa ka penchant no kekahi hana naʻaupō a me ka palapala, ai 'tālena. I ka makahiki o heʻumikumamāono, Francis ua lanakila ka Competition "Best (essay)" no ka controversial pepa noa i ka ' "ke Akua make", ua loaa ka ia nā kumu kāki i loko o ka nui o ka hoʻokahi haneri dala. I ka 1931, ua komo ma ke Kulanui o Washington, kahi i aʻo ai journalism, hana keaka, a komo i loko o nā haumāna i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Ka mua hoike ana o ke kipi 'ano

Paakiki oko ao a me ka makuwahine i ke kipi 'ano o Gabriel mahiai. Kawaihae o ka mea hana keaka, ke i Ua okoa paha ina ole no i ka welelau o ka oukou pale ana i mahaloia manao. I aloha aʻe ana me ka Socialist manaʻo o ka secularism, a ke ao like, a no ka mea ana 'iaE i ka nupepa "Voice o retaliation" i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli i kumu kāki i ka hele ana a hiki i ka Soviet Union. I loko nō kue i ka makuahine, a me ka lehulehu e hāʻiliʻili aku o ka manao no ka Communism, Francis hele aku la i ka Soviet Union. Kipi makemake e waiho iho i ko lakou mau manao e pili ana i ka aina o ka poe hana a me kauwa, e like me loaaʻi ka ike lea i ka Lūkini keaka kula, e hoʻopaʻi ana naʻe i ke kaulana Moscow Art Kino.

Hollywood

Ma ka hoi maiʻo ia nō ia e kekahi loli i loko o ko lāua olaʻana, a hele mai i grips me ka hanaʻiʻo akula nō 'oihana. I ka 1936 i ka'ōpio talena hele i New York, ma ia halawai ai me ka Agena o ka nui Pictures, ka mea 'okoʻa no ka'ōpiopio mea hana keaka hāpana. Luku kanaka ui, a me ka kiʻiona leo Gabriel mahiai nā hoʻohua ua haʻalele indifferent, a me ka o Nuioka ma kakau me kona mau ehiku-makahiki like. No laila, hoʻomaka i ka moʻolelo o ka Hollywood mea hana keaka. Francis mua 'oihana i loko o ka ho film "Po na makua", iʻikeʻia ma luna o ka pale ma ka 1936, loaa rave hōʻike manaʻo, mai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Aia He He loli i loko o kona kino ola, ma ka ahaaina o kiʻi, halawai mai la oia me ka Mea Keaka Leif Erickson, no ka mea a ka mea ia makahiki mare. Ua hoʻomaka ka piʻiʻana kahua hoku o Hollywood Gabriel mahiai. Hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni nei e ulu me ka hou na hana. Ma ka wahine Auana "pāpana ma pali haahaa" Francis lawe i ke kēpau wahine, a me kona mau hoa ma luna o ka huapalapala i kaulana Bing Crosby. Ka hoʻohua Samuel Goldwyn mahiai e kaumaha ana i ka nui kūlana i loko o ka hana keaka "E hele mai, a lawe ia" ma ka puke ma ka Edna Ferber. Francis brilliantly Makuakane me ke kūlana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hoolohe ana i hoʻomaopopo ai e kona makuwahine a me ka kaikamahine kiʻi, kūlana ma keia ho film o ka loa a me ka luna 'maikaʻi mea hana keaka' oihana. Francis hana ikaika, a ma ka 1937 i ka ape mai i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me kona komo: "mikanele", "punahele New Iorka" a me ka "Tide". Na mea a pau kuhikuhi mai la lakou i kekahi kukui wā e hiki mai ana o ka mea hana keaka.

Confronting Hollywood ka rula

I loko nō o ka pomaikai nui, a me kona hiʻona i ole haha pono hana iho imua o Gabriel mahiai. Film a me ka pelekikena a mea i kaumaha aku ia ia, o ka mea hana keaka ikeia monotonous. E like me ka manao o na hoku, na nā hoʻohua kau mai ai i kona mau manamana i Ua kuapo wale i ka helehelena, akā, i hōʻike aku nō kekahi hana naʻaupō tālena. Nolaila, Francis pinepine clashed me ke alakaʻi o ke o Nuioka ma, ua capricious i ka pana, a hoole mai, e komo i loko o ka lawelawe hanana ma Hollywood. I ka au ia hoku o Nuioka ma dictated na rula o ka hana i loko o nā mea a pau, ao ke ano o ke ola ana, ua hana ua noʻonoʻo hewa palapala. No ia mea, rave hōʻike manaʻo i loko o ka ahakanaka hoʻololi scathing 'atikala nema aku ana i ka mea hana keaka.

i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Me ka manao e imi i kona talena i ka maikai ana, a no ka hookupaa aku ia iho e like me ka nui mea hana keaka i ka 1937. Gabriel mahiai ko ia nei haalele Hollywood, a hele aku la i Hawaii, e komo ma ka hale kiaka-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo ma Pinebrook. Ka I hālāwai me ka mea kuhikuhi Harold Klurmanom a me playwright hōʻeleʻele Odets i Hollywood manaʻoe kūkulu he hoku, a maliu mai i ke kaumaha, e hui i ka troupe ma lalo o kā lākou mau alakaʻiʻana. Soon hele mai ka mua moʻolelo keaka wale? Iecaianoaaiiie o "Golden Boy," me ke komo o ka mahiai. ʻOiai Ua halawai o ka mea hana keaka hihiu me ka'āponoʻole i manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, o ka hula, no o kona komo ua lilo kaulana, a me ka mahiai hele ma ka huakaʻi me ka hale kiaka. Iloko o na ami hana ma o ka hula ma waena o Francis a me ka hōʻeleʻele Odets flared puke. Ke playwright Ua mare, a, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka mahiai, ua hele mare, e luku, a, e lawe i hou paʻa ma. Mea hana keaka noonoo ia i heluia, betrayal a lakou i hoopii ai Odets ia oia hoʻohana ia e hoala mai i ka pane lākiō okoʻa no ka manawa.

E hoʻi i Hollywood

Ma hope o nā hua'ōlelo o ka aelike me ka nui Pictures, Gabriel mahiai hoi i Hollywood. Ua mau i ka hana, a ma kona mau hoʻokoe manawa kākou i loko o nā mea ma luna o Broadway, akā, e e i lawe mai i ka pomaikai o ka mea hana keaka. Francis Kahalaopuna mau naau, a increasingly relieves stress ka waiʻona. Kēiaʻaoʻao o ke ola ka mea,ʻaʻole no ka pono o ka mea hana keaka, ia ua paʻakikī ano, ano hoomainoino ma ka hangover, e lilo ia i unbearable. Francis mea capricious a pinepine ma loko i ka pana, kona hana pushes nā hoʻohua, a mai 1939 i ka mea hana keaka i ka 'oihana ke poʻomanaʻo,' o ia. Francis increasingly kaumaha kākoʻo mau manamana, a ma ka 1942 i ka o Nuioka ma uhai aku i kona aelike. I ka wā mai ka 1938 a hiki i 1942, mahiai māka hōkūʻia i loko o nā Film "ka huakaʻi hālawa hookahi mile", "South o Pago Pago," "Golden Stream", "World Ka Mua", "Badlands o Dakota", "Mawaena o ka Living", "Keiki o ka huhu: Ka Moʻolelo Beniamina Blake ".

Pilikia a me ke kānāwai

Family ola mea i ka mea hana keaka, mai hemo mai, ma ka ia 1942, ua hemo Leif Erikson. Hoʻolako 'ole i loko o kā lākou mau' oihana, 'a me ka ola alakai i ka waiʻona kaukaʻi. No ka hoʻokukeʻana ana haole nei i wai a me ka hōʻino i nā mākaʻi ma ko lākou hoʻokō 'o Francis i ka lā, e hina ia i loko o kahi paa ma ka makai, ku ma Santa Monika. Ke alo ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi iā ia, e paa no ka manawa o eono mahina, a me ka uku o elima haneri dala. Mea hana keaka koke hookupu hapalua, a loaa i ka makahiki o ka noho hoao ana. Aia hele mai kaʻeleʻele ka paopaoʻana, inā 'aʻole' a me scandals i manawa piha me Gabriel mahiai Kawaihae. Biographies o ka mea 'ē aʻe, me ka waiwai pio: a me ka hoʻolilo' ia ', me ka mea hana keaka i manao, akā,' ino lawe ma luna, a me ka hana i loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni 'aʻole i hoʻokomo mai. Eia hou kekahi, heʻino paha ano hou Make iho haha mai, a ma ka 1943 a puni Francis wela ai hou nä Temepela. Hairdresser o Nuioka ma mahiai hoopiiia no ma o na la kino ia ia ka poino. Mai ka lua o ka hapalua o ka hoopai no ka hewa mua, a i ole, ua uku ia, Themis lilo hoʻopaʻakikīʻia ka naʻau, a me ka mea hana keaka i pau i ke kua laau ki hou. I ka lohe 'aha hoʻokolokolo i ka leo, mahiai nui hoohainu iho la i hainā ka makai, i hoopiiia no' aʻe i kona Kivila kuleana ma ka hopena o ka lunakanawai kiola i loko o ka inkwell. Kēia manawa ka mea, he mea hiki ole i ka pale o ka hale paʻahao mea hana keaka. Francis ua kua kī no ka lōʻihi, i manaoia lolelua i kona manaʻo, a ua koke i ka 'ohana ua hiki ke loaa i ka hoolilo ana o mahiai i loko o ka moku'āina noʻonoʻo haukapila. Aia, ua diagnosed kauka Francis "manic kaumaha" a ike kona dysfunctional.

muli o hospitalization

Overʻewalu makahiki lōʻihi, Ua hookolokolo mai lakou Francis, a kamaʻilio ma kela psychiatric Ho 'Oponopono. Iloko o keia manawa, i diagnosed mahiai me "schizophrenia" a me ka hoʻohana 'ia i kona kŰia insulina a me electroconvulsive Inc. Ka mea hana keaka Ua pinepine ae holo i ka? Aaieou ma hope o ka ehaeha, akā, e hele mai hoʻi. Hoʻokō i nā hualoaʻa ma ka iapaau ana hiki wale psychiatrist Uolter Frimen, ka mea i hoolilo translobotomiyu. Ke hana ua holomua. Mahiai ana holomua, a me ka ike paka i hooakea ai, a ma ka makahiki 1950 i hookuu ia mai ka haukapila ma lalo o ka mālamaʻana o kona makuwahine.

hou ola

Back ma Seattle, Francis hana i loko o ka hokele " 'Olumepika" mua o ka mea holoi poe hana, a laila, i ka luna hoʻomalu. I ka 1953, mahiai e hoihoi kivila pono. Once Francis aʻo reporter, a palapala iho la i ka 'atikala e pili ana ia. Kēia hana hou hoihoi i loko o ka mea hana keaka. Mahiai i kono e komo i loko o ka TV hōʻike " 'O kēia kou ola." Aia ua wahine la no kona alcoholism, a pee iho la ka mea mua i ka halepaahao, a laila, i ka noʻonoʻo haukapila. Ka mea hana keaka e hoʻokele e kipa mare palua hou. I ka 1951, ua waiho no Alfred Lobli, akā, ua i ka 1957 halawai me Leandom Mikesell, a hana i ka kīwī ka mea hoʻopaipai. Ma waena o ia i hoʻomaka i ka puahiohio Awaits, a me Francis hele aku la a hiki i Kapalakiko me ka hou launa kino mamua. I ka 1958, mahiai loaʻa i ke oki mare a me ka mare he Mikesell. Ma ka nalu o ka hoihoi i loko o kona kino pâʻani i ka kūlana ma Francis 'Kayfolom "kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Kēia ho film ua i ka hope kekahi i loko o kona ho film kūlana hana, laila Hollywood poina e pili ana i ka mea a mau loa aku.

TV

Mau Episode pili mahiai i loko o ka TV hopena ua haawi ala i ka luna o ke kīwī 'oihana,' a me ka hana i ko lākou mau hōʻike. Francis tālena hoike aku ia ia iho i loko o ka hou ala, a me ka kokeʻikeʻia ma luna o kīwī pale hōʻike polokalamu "Gabriel mahiai Presents". No ka lōʻihi manawa i ka polokalamu i Ua loa kaulana, akā, i ka 1964 addicted i ka waiʻona hou e holoholo ai. Mahiai kekahi manawa hou hemo paha, a me kona hōʻike paa. Ka mea hana keaka UOAAaOON e kiʻi hoʻi ma luna o ke kahua, akā, i kēia manawa i ka waiʻona mahope Amelika Huipû, a me ka mahiai pau mahope me ka hanaʻiʻo akula nō 'oihana. Mea hana keaka Gabriel mahiai make i ka 1970, poina e ka lehulehu a me ka kânaka.

afterword

Posthumously hoolaha "kakahiaka E maoli," Gabriel mahiai, he biographical sketch. E e loaʻa ai i ka lehulehu i nā lāliʻi o kona noho ana i loko o ka haukapilaʻo psychiatric. Ke ao nei, e ike e pili ana i ke kolohe la ia i kahu, nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoao ana o kauka a me nā mea maʻi hoohaahaa ana. A ma ka 1982, na pale hookuu Auana "Gabriel", a wehewehe e pili ana i ka hana keaka hopena o ka mea hana keaka. Francis hana brilliantly ke kūlana o Dzhessika Lanzh, no ka mea, o ka hana ka mea, ua koho no ka "Oscar". Kurt Kobeyn, kēpau mea hoolea o "Nirvana", o Gabriel mahiai, a me kona kukakuka iho mele hoʻolaʻa iā ia. Melen Gote, maikaʻi ike like Melen mahiai, hoʻololi i kona hope inoa me kaʻauhau i ka mea hana keaka.