Mandelshtam Nadezhda: Kawaihae a me Memories

Mandelshtam Nadezhda ... kēia, heʻe piʻoloke ihola wahine o kona ola ana, ka make a me ka Pili Kai, kena ae la he nui ka pioloke ma Lūkini a me ka Western ka pilina, i ka hoopaapaa ana e pili ana i kona kūlana i loko o ka pilikia a me ke kanakolu forties o ka iwakalua kenekulia, kona memoir a me ka palapala, ai 'hoʻoilina mau a hiki i kēia manawa. Ua e hoʻokele i ka hakaka a me ka wahine kāne hemo paha ma na aoao a elua o ka pa ana o na hoa kahiko. Ua noho ma ka pono a hiki i ka poetic'āina hoʻoili o ka tragically i make kane Osip Mandelstam. Mahalo ia ia, e hoola oe i kekahi wahi lihi iki o kana hana. Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō ia mea i mōʻaukala Nadezhda Mandelstam. Memories o ka wahine, e hana i kekahi maoli mōʻaukala kahi o ka manawa weliweli o Stalinist repression.

kamaliʻi

Kēia 'ike a me ka loea kaikamahine i hanau ia ma 1899 ma ka ohana o ka poe Iudaio Khazin, i aponoia Kristiano. Koʻu makua kāne i ka loio, a me kona makuwahine hana me ke kauka. Nadia ua muli loa kaikamahine. Initially, kona ohana i noho ai i loko o Saratov, a laila, neʻe akula ia Kiev. Aia a ua aʻo Mandelstam wā e hiki mai. Hope i hele mai i loko o ka wahine ka gymnasium me ka loa e holumua ai i ka manawa o ka hoʻonaʻauao aupuni e. 'Aʻole i hāʻawiʻia i nā' ikamu a pau i kona likeʻana, akā, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau āna i aloha i ka moʻolelo. Makua laila, i ka mea, e hele ana me kona mau kaikamahine, e hele. Penei, Nadia ua hiki ke kipa Kuikilana, Germany, France. Higher hoʻonaʻauao ua i pau, eia nae, ua komo i ke kumu kānāwai o ka Kiev University. Hope i manawa ma ka pena, he okoa na hekili ia pilikia makahiki o ke kipi.

Love o ka wa e ola ana

Kēia manawa ka mea, ua ka loa pilialoha i loko o ke kaikamahine o ka ola. Hana ma Kiev i loko o kekahi o Nuioka ma, kona hoohui ana me ka ui haku mele. Heʻumikumamāiwa o kona mau makahiki, a me ia ua he kākoʻo iā ia, o ke "aloha i ka hora", a ua laila loa nui ma ka vogue. No laila, i ka pilina ma waena o nā kānaka uʻi i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka lā mua. Akā, Osip no laila, hāʻule i loko o ke aloha a me kaʻinoʻino akā, onaona artist i lanakila 'o ia i kona naau. Ma hope, ninau mai la kela ia ia, i haha aku me he mea la i ka pōkole manawa e ana kekahi i kekahi. Ke mau Ua mare, a me ka manawa ia ua he maoli ohana - Mandelshtam Nadezhda Osip. Kane ai i lili opiopio wahine, a i makemake ole eʻuwao me ia. Osip hoolaia he nui palapala i kana wahine, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa i nā kama'āina moʻolelo o ka 'ohana ka manaʻo kaumaha i ka poe ma waena o noho male.

"Black" makahiki

Akā, 'ohana ola i ole pela rosy. Osip huli amorous a me ka moe kolohe, lili Hope ua. Ka mea, i noho ai ma kaʻilihune, a me wale i ka 1932 loaa i kekahi mau-lumi keʻena ma Moscow. A i ka makahiki 1934 o ka haku mele Mandelstam i hopu no ka poem e ku e ia Stalin a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka makahikiʻekolu o ke pioʻana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Chernyn (ma ka Kama River). Akā, e like me ka repression kukui laila, pono ka hoʻomaka 'spinning, Mandelshtam Nadezhda loaa ae, e hele pu me kana kane. A laila, ma hope o ka hassle o influential hoa, Osip olelo commuted i kona papa, e noho i loko o nui kūlanakauhale o ka USSR, a me ka huiʻo ia i hele ai i Voronezh. Akā, i ka hopu wāwahi haku mele. He lilo prone ke kaumaha a me ka hysteria, ho'āʻo e pepehi ia ia iho, hoomaka ae la oia e hana eha iaʻi mai hallucinations. Ka hui i ho'āʻo e hoʻi i Moscow, akā, i ole i aeia mai. A ma ka 1938, ua hopu Osip i ka lua o ka manawa, a pepehi iho la i ka maalo hoʻomoana ma unclear ana.

Makau a me ka holo ana

Mandelshtam Nadezhda i haʻalele wale. Ole me ka ike e pili ana i kana kane i ka make, ua kakau iho la ia ia i ka palapala i loko o ka hopena, i ho'āʻo i ka wehewehe ia iʻike keiki ka pāʻani i kēia manawa lākou hala o Herodia, a ua manaʻo mai e pili ana ia mau manawa. Alaila, ike iho la ia i kona ola poino, no ka mea, e mai i keia kaumaha. Ua mālama kana kane o ka puke moʻolelo. makau i ka huli a me ka hopu ana i noho ai, i ka hoʻopaʻanaʻau i nā mea āna i hana ai, e like poetry, a me ka Ana Aina. Nolaila, Nadezhda Mandelstam pinepine relocate. Ma ke kulanakauhale o Kalinin e loaa i ka lono o ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua, aʻo ia a me kona makuwahine i evacuated i Central Asia.

Mai 1942, ke noho ma Tashkent, ma ka mawaho nā kūlanaʻelua kiʻekiʻe kula English kumu a me ka hana. Ma hope o ke kaua, Hope neʻe i Ulyanovsk, a laila, - ma Chita. I ka 1955, ua lilo iho la ke poo o ka Oihana o Pelekania ma ka Chuvash kumu kiʻina aʻo Institute, malaila e paku ana i kona hoʻi.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

I ka 1958, Mandelshtam Nadezhda Yakovlevna i hope a kikiʻo kokoke Moscow, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Tarusa. He nui mua kālai'āina pio ola, a ua nui kaulana i waena o dissidents o ka wahi. Ka mea, ua malaila Hope kākau i kana memoirs, oia hoomaka no ka mea mua manawa, e hoolaha ma lalo o ka pseudonym. Akā, hoomau mea i lawa ka i loko o kona ola ana, a iho hou i loaʻa he 'oihana ma Pskov kumu kiʻina aʻo Institute. I ka 1965, Nadezhda Mandelstam hope loaʻa hoʻokahi-lumi keʻena ma Moscow. laila ua hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā makahiki hope. I kona ilihune-nui kou keʻena wahine e hoʻokele i ka malama i ka palapala, ai 'Salon, a e ka noho malihini ai,ʻaʻole wale Lūkini, akā, i ka Western intelligentsia. I ka Ia manawa Hope hoʻoholo ihola e hoolaha aku i ka puke o kona mau memoirs i loko o ka West - ma New York, a Paris. I ka 1979, ua hoʻomaka 'ana ka pilikia a me ka naau a hiki i ka lae o ka mea, i iho la i ua hoakaka ia moe koena. Hoonohonoho kokoke heʻokoʻa kona poseli uaki hana. December 29, 1980 ka mea, hahai aku la i ka make. Au manao e heluhelu i ka ilina hana i loko o ka Orthodox mau oihana, a ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma luna o January 2 aʻe makahiki ma Troekurov ilina.

Nadezhda Mandelstam: o ka puke, a me ka naoh i ia wā

Mai ka haku o keia eea dissident maikai ikeia no kona "Memoirs", i i paʻiʻia ma New York i ka makahiki 1970, e like me nā "lua o ka puke" (Paris, 1972). I ka mea nana i kauoha aku i kaʻoi naoh mai kekahi hoa o Hope. Lakou ike i ka wahine Osipa Mandelshtama paha ka nānaina i nā kūʻikena a me ka ho'āʻo ana e noho kaʻai i loko o kona mau memoirs. Ma mua iki iho o kona make ana i ike ai i ka malamalama a me ka Hope "Ekolu Book" (Paris, 1978). Ma kā lākou uku,ʻo ia konaʻano ke hoa, a kuai ia i ka waiwai hookupu. Eia hou, na palapala a pau o kana kane, i ka haku mele Osip Mandelstam, o ka wahine kāne make hāʻawi ma ke kulanui 'ana ma ka' Amelika Hui. Ua i i ola mai a hiki i ka hoʻopulapula o ka haku mele nui a me ka pili la mua o kona make ana i ka mea i kali ai nona. Kēia ka mea, ua, Nadezhda Mandelstam. Kawaihae o keia koa wahine e haʻi mai i ke ahiahi, i loko o ka "ʻeleʻele" makahiki ke e ka maoli, kohu kūpono ke kanaka.