Anthropologism a relativism ma ka kālaiʻike - ia Aloha ...

Relativism a me ka anthropologism - kekahi o ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka kālaiʻike. I loko nō o ka mea i kēia mau kumu i ua kākoʻo nei, ka mea, ua ikeia'ku me ka muli o ka maikai ana mua. Mau holomua Ua pio ka polokalamu ke au ma Makamua Greece i pau i hana ai me ia Sophists.

relativism

Relativism ma kālaiʻike - keia mea i ka loina hooponopono i na mea a pau i loko o ke ola ka pili a me ka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na ana a me ka viewpoint. Rula Pono nń pili ana i kekahi mau mea a me kā lākou mau pilikino 'ano a me ka waiwai. E like me keia, no ka mea a pau mea i pilikino ano, kā lākou pono lends iho i ka noʻonoʻo loi, a kokoke i nā mea hiki ke poe i wahahee a me ka erroneous. No ka laʻana, ina he kanaka e olelo aku, "E haawi examples o ke akeakamai o ka relativism", keia hiki e ia manaʻo ma ka hahaiʻana i nā noi: liona e pepehi kona mea pio. Kēia kaumaha mea pilikino no ka mea, ke kaumaha ma muli kekahi wahi, i hiki, ka mea hiki e maikaʻi paha io. Inā ka luahi o ka bipi hihiu, a laila, i ka uku, no ka mea, i kēia mau mea o nā kānāwai o ka holoholona ao nei, akā, inā no ka luahi mea he kanaka - laila ka manaʻo i io. Kēia relativism a hoopaa.

Ke kaumaha ma muli ia ma pehea oe e nana i keia kulana, ka mea hiki e maikai paha, he ino paha, oiaio a hoopunipuni, pololei paha paʻewa ai. Ua hiki aku i ka mea i na poe akeakamai noonoo relativism like me ka maʻi o kēia kālaiʻike.

Relativism a me ka anthropologism Sophists

Sophists i kahiko Greece kapa na kanaka, ka poe i hoʻolaʻa loa lakou ia lakou iho i ka noʻonoʻo haʻawina. Mea maʻa mau, ka Sophists he poe akeakamai, like hoʻi me ka poʻe i aʻo kālai'āina, kākā'ōlelo, kānāwai a me kekahi poe e ae, ka loa kaulana sophists o ka manawa, o Solon, Pythagoras, Socrates, Protagoras, Prodicus, Hippias a me na mea e ae. Anthropologism, subjectivism a me relativism o ka akeakamai o ka Sophists i ke kumu no ka aneane pau kēia philosophies.

Kekahi o na kumu nui hiʻona o ka Sophists ua i loko o ka waena o ko lākou mau kānāwai, ka mea mau i loko o ka mua kahi i kekahi kanaka. Anthropocentrism ua kanalua ke kumu o ko lākou mau kānāwai, e like me ka mea i manao ai i kekahi mea i ka loli iki ana degere pili me ke kanaka.

Kekahi pono o ka Sophists i ka subjectivity a me ka relativity o nā mea a pau i ka ike, no ka mea, e like me kānakaʻepekema i koi ia manawa, a pau ka ike, i ka manaʻo a me ka helu hiki e ninau aku, ina ua nana aku i ka mea, mai ka mea 'ē aʻeʻaoʻao. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka relativism kālaiʻike hiki ke loaʻa i loko o aneane a pau o ka Sophists. Kēia wahi aku me ka wehewehe o ka luawai-ike hopuna'ōlelo o Protagoras: "Man - o ke ana o nā mea a pau", no ka mea, mea pehea kanaka loiloi i ke kulana, a me ka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea ua ike ia e ia. Socrates, noonoo iho la i pili pono a me nā mea pono, Parmenides ua hoihoi i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka loiloi 'mea, a me Protagoras koi i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka mea i na mea a pau i loko o kēia ao ua loiloi' ma ka prism o ka pomaikai a me ka pahu hopu o ke kanaka. Anthropologism a me relativism o ka Sophists akeakamai a loaʻa lākou ulu ma hope mōʻaukala hana hoopilikia wale.

? Ac? O relativism ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka mōʻaukala

No ka mea manawa mua i ka rula o ka relativism, i hanaʻia i loko o kahiko Greece, ma ka pau o ka hana o ka Sophists. Hope keia rula hele a skepticism ma i mea pilikino ike a pau, e like me ka mea, ua manaoia ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mōʻaukala olelo no ka ho okumu ana o ka cognitive kaʻina. E like me keia, ike a pau ke kuleana hūnā 'ana ma iho.

relativity rula ua i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka 16-17th kenekulia i ke kumu no ka noʻonoʻo loi o dogmatism. I kekahi, ua hanaia keia ma ka Erazm Rotterdamsky, Bayle, Montaigne a me kekahi poe e ae. Ua i hoʻohana Ua like ke kumu relativism idealist empiricism, a ua hoi i ke kumu no ka metaphysics. Over manawa, loaʻa nō nā examples o ke akeakamai o ka relativism, i lilo hoʻokaʻawaleʻaoʻao.

epistemological relativism

Epistemology, a ike - o ka hookumu ana o ke relativity. Epistemological relativism ma kālaiʻike - ka piha rejection o ka manaʻo eʻike ke ulu a me ka hoʻomōhala. ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma kaʻina ike me ia, i ka pau loa e kaukaʻi ma kekahi mau olelo: o ka liluwelo pono o ke kanaka, ka noʻonoʻo' a me ka manaʻoʻike ana, imua o kaʻimi naʻauao kāu kiʻina hana i hoʻohana Logical palapala listen'ōlelo.

Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka ulu ana o ka ike ma na kahua o ka relativists ike like me ka nui maopopo o kona falsity a me ka inaccuracy, no ka mea, ike hiki ole hoʻololi a me ka ulu, ka mea pono e e unambiguous a me ka hale lio. Ua hiki aku i ka hōʻole o ka manawa kūpono o ka objectivity i mau, e like me ka hoʻoholo 'agnosticism.

physical relativism

relativity rula, ua noi āpana ole wale ma ka kālaiʻike, a me nā humanities a me ka nohona sciences, akā, i loko o ke kālaikūlohea a me ka quantum mechanics. Ma keia hihia, ka loina hooponopono mea i loaʻa mea he pono e rethink i ka pau manaʻo o ka panina mechanics, e like me ka manawa, nuipa a, mea, liuliu, a me na mea e ae.

I loko o ka? Aieao o ke ano o keia rula, Einstein hoʻolauna i ka manawa "kilo", e hōʻike ana i ke kanaka nana e hana mai me kekahi mau pilikino hehee wale. Ma keia hihia, ke aʻo kaʻina hana i kēia mea, a me ka hoomaopopo ana o ka ike maopopo hilinaʻi nui ma pilikino pokole o ke kilo.

aesthetic relativism

Aesthetic relativism ma kālaiʻike - keia mea i ka rula, i muaʻikeʻia i loko o ka Middle Ages. Mau noonoo ana ua uku a hiki i keia Vitelon. Ma kana mau hana, oia ua hoihoi i loko o ka manaʻo o ka nani mai ka manaʻoʻike wahi o ka Hawaii. He ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka manaʻo o ka nani ma ka kekahi lima ka loa lolilua, a ma ka kekahi lima i kekahi kumupaʻa. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ua kūkākūkāʻia e ka poʻe Moora makemake kekahi kala like 'ole,' oiai ka Scandinavians i loaʻokoʻa. He manaoio aku i ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o nāʻano, a o ka mea i hoʻolilo 'ia i loko o a kekahi kanaka nui mai.

I kona kūkākūkā Vitelon hele mai i ka relativism, no ka mea, ka mea i manaoio aku i ka hemolele o ka hoahanau. Kekahi mea i mea kupanaha no kekahi,ʻaʻole no laila, no na mea e ae, a me ka mea, he mau pilikino kumu. Oae, i kekahi kanaka loaʻa maikai, oia ke ike i ka weliweli me ka manawa. Ke kumu o keia mea na wahi, i hiki loa okoa a me nā kūlana hana.

Pono (pono) relativity

Pono relativism ma kālaiʻike - keia mea i ka loina i hakuʻole i ka pono ai ka hewa i loko o kona loa ano ma ka rula. Ua hoole kekahi pono kūmau a me ke ola o kekahi ana hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka mea i ka pono a me ka pono. Kekahi poe akeakamai ike i ka rula o ka pono relativism like permissiveness, oiai kekahi poe ike ia me kekahi aha-elele hoomaopopo ana o ka pono a me ka hewa. Pono relativism ma kālaiʻike - keia mea i ka rula, a hoike conditional pono kūmau e like me ka manaÿo o ka pono a me ka hewa. E like me keia, i kekahi manawa, ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu, a me ka wahi likeʻole o ka ia manaʻo o ka pono hiki ole wale aʻohe, akā, e e loa kue kekahi i kekahi i kekahi. Kekahi pono Ua pili no ia i ka mea ana i kŘpa loa i ka pono a me ka hewa.

moʻomeheu relativism

Pili I Ka relativism ma kālaiʻike - keia mea i ka loina hooponopono, a he loko o ka mea ana i kekahi nenoaiu o ka loiloi 'moʻomeheu Hoole mea a pau, a me nā hana' ike loea i manaoia e e loa like. Ua kuhikuhi Ua waiho från Boas. Me lakou i mea hoike, i ka mea kākau hoʻohana i ka 'Amelika a me' Eulopa moʻomeheu, a hoʻokō i kā lākou mau kumu, a me ko lakou pono ma luna o nā'āina.

Pili I Ka relativism ma kālaiʻike -, He ka loina hooponopono i E hoomanao i ka waeʻano e like me monogamy a me ka mare lehulehu, nohona prestige, hoohanau pelekikena a, loina, nā hana, a me nā moʻomeheu hiʻona e kalele iho ma ka wahi o ka noho, ka hoʻomana a me ka 'ē aʻe. hiki All nohona manaÿo e noʻonoʻo me ka hapa o ke kanaka nana i kupu i loko o kēia moʻomeheu, a mai ke kanaka, ka mea i hoala hou i loko o kaʻokoʻa moʻomeheu. Views ma ka ia moʻomeheu e huhūʻoukou iā ia i ke ku pono ana. I ka Ia manawa ia Radio he nui kūlana anthropologism like kuhikuhi he kanaka ku ma ka waena konu o nā moʻomeheu.

anthropologism

Anthropologism - o ka loina o ke akeakamai, a ua ike i ke ki waeʻano manaʻo o "ke kanaka." People i ka piko o ka waeʻano e like meʻai, moʻomeheu, hui, hui, ano a me kekahi poe e ae. Anthropologism rulaʻikeʻia i loko o ka maikai ana mua, akā, kona piko mea hiki i loko o ka 18- 21 kenekulia.

Ma kēia kālaiʻike anthropologism UOAAaOON e hoʻike i ka hoʻohui o ka 'epekema a me ka philosophical kokoke loa i kahi ma luna o ka manaʻo o "ke kanaka." Anthropologism mea i loaʻa i loko o aneane kēia sciences a pau e makaikai i kekahi mau, ao ke ano o ke kanaka. Pakahi aku la ia pono i kēia manaʻo ua noʻonoʻo i loko o ka philosophical anthropologism e UOAAaOON e hoopau ai i ke puliki i ka manaʻo o "ke kanaka."

Anthropocentrism - ke kumu anthropologism

Kumu anthropologism mea anthropocentrism, e like me a kekahi kanaka - ka mea, o ka piko o na mea a pau. Akä naÿe, oia anthropologism ka mea pinepine kaupaona i nā mea i ka liluwelo i loko o ke kanaka, anthropocentrism hoihoi i loko o kona pōʻai ano.

E like me ke anthropocentrism, ke kanaka o ke kumu o nā mea a pau philosophical ana. Ua nui noiʻi ua hiki ka loa manaʻo o ka kālaiʻike ua noʻonoʻo me ka huli 'ana no ka a me ka naʻauao o ka poʻe o lākou bytya a me ka lakou ola. Penei, ia mea ma keʻano o ke kanaka, o kona ano, a naue like hiki ke hōʻike 'ʻaneʻane a pau i ka philosophical e ala aʻeʻoe i loko o kekahi mōʻaukala ana nou pilikia.

Historical ulu anthropologism

Anthropologism kuhikuhi hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o Europa moʻomeheu, akā, he nui o kona mau loina a hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka hikina. Like no ke kumu o ke kauoha, a laila, i kēia wahi mea kanalua kahiko. Nui o ka uku 'aneʻi no i Socrates, Protagoras, Plato, a me kekahi poe e ae. Mau noonoo e e haawiia na hana o Aristotle, ka mea i ka noiʻi' ana i ka puu o ke kino a me ka manaʻoʻike Halaman pili i ke kanaka.

Ma kekahi ala kanaka hōʻike ma ka Christian ano. Man ua ike like o ka luakini, i hanau i ke paʻi ana o ka mea nana i hana. Here, kaawale mai anthropocentrism, he mea no hoi Theocentricism, i loko o ka naʻau o ke worldview o ke Akua. Iloko o keia manawa, ma o ka wahi mua he mea o ka uhane o ke kanaka, ai ke kanaka a me ka manaʻo.

Pakebona lawe mai i ka rula o ka humanism, i mea okoa, mai ka kekahi mea i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka Middle Ages. Humanism hoʻomaka e e ma muli ma ka philosophical naʻauao o ke kanaka, a me ke ku okoa ana o na kanaka kanaka. 17-18 kenekulia thinkers e pili ana i ke 'ano o ke kanaka, i kona naue like, i kona wahi ma kēia ao nei. Hoʻomāʻikeʻike wale ho'āʻo e ike i kekahi kanaka ma ka mea o ka hua'ōlelo 'epekema a me ka kumu. Kēia i hanaʻia e Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot a me na mea e ae.

Mahope au, hoomaka ae la e rethink nui metaphysical keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Anthropologism ua hookukeia'ku ia e ka akeakamai o Feuerbach, Marx, Kierkegaard, a me Scheler. I ka lā anthropologism nō koe i ke kumu o kēia kālaiʻike a me kona like kuhikuhi.

Anthropologism a relativism - ka mea, o ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o kēia kālaiʻike. Ke Kula Kaiapuni ', ao ke ano o kēia mau mea lā hoʻi a hiki i ka manawa kahiko, nae, a me ka mea, ua i nalowale lākou pilina i kēia lā.