Ke akeakamai o ka 20th kenekulia.

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia aia no he gradual naeaeaa aku, mai ka Classics, a me ka pahee hoʻololi i ka ole-panina kālaiʻike, hoomaka ae la i ka wā o ka hāpana poe kuai, a me nā loina o philosophical manaʻo. Ke akeakamai o ka XX kenekulia wehewehe aku i ka panina olelo like me ka ano o ka huina au a kaila o ka manaʻo i mea nona e pili ana i ekolu haneri au mai o Western manaʻo. I keia manawa, i ka manaʻo kumu hoʻohālike o ka panina nā mea kū i pana aku la ia ma me ke ano o ka aoao maoli o ka papa o na mea a rationally comprehensible i loko o ka pähola 'ana o ka ike. Adherents o ka panina papa manaoio aku i ka manao - keia mea no ka nui a me ka loa holomua huli ana paahana ola kanaka o loko. Ke kuleana koa i haawi manaolana no ka pāʻoihana o ka manaʻo pilikia o ka manaʻo kanaka, kūkala 'ia hoʻi ka' ike a me ka naauao ka ike.

Ma ka XX kenekulia. manawa a hiki i ka helu o ke kaiapili-moʻomeheu loli, e like me ka holomua ma ka 'epekema ike , aʻanoʻenehana E hana' ia, ka papa confrontation ua ole ai lokoʻino, pehea ka mea, ua i loko o ka 19th kenekulia. Western kālaiʻike o ka 20th kenekulia ua hoano e ka kēia i loko oʻimi naʻauao 'epekema, i alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka materialistic a me ka idealistic'ōnaehana ike ia e lawa ponoʻole ma ka wehewehe i ka pilikia mai ai i loko o ka' epekema a me ka kaiāulu loli. Ma ka philosophical kula o ka 20th kenekulia confrontation o idealist a me ka materialist theories mea hou ku i ka mua Hoʻohaku wahi, e ala no hou LIKE.

Ke akeakamai o ka 20th kenekulia i manao kuhikuhi ma ka mea i ka panina? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia mai e halawai pu me ke kāinoa mua he nui ka poeikohoia o ka philosophical paialewa aie i ka mea i ka mea i lilo aku i ka manaʻo o ke kanaka e like me ia. Ke 'ano a me ka specificity o ka pilikino hoikeana a ke kanaka, e like me kekahi mau thinkers o ka manawa, hiki ole "hoʻopaʻa" na ki ina hana like o ka' epekema. Akä naÿe i ka rationalism o na poe akeakamai hoomaka mākou e kau i ka ole-panina kālaiʻike, ma ka hope loa aku o ka lanakila i kekahi mau i ke ola a me ka kanaka lakou ola.

Western kālaiʻike o ka 20th kenekulia i kapaʻia i loko o nīnau ka hoʻokô ' ana o ka panina akeakamai o keia ke kaiāulu i nā Pahuhopu palapala, i mea like i kūlohelohe mea. Ke 20th kenekulia i paʻa ma lalo o ka hae o ka kekahi "anthropological mea hoʻonui" i mai ai i loko o kālaiʻike. Ano o ka akeakamai o ka manawa i ke kiʻi o ka ai-kapaia nohona ike maopopo i ua pololei ua hoʻopili ia ia kekahi manaʻo me "intersubjectivity". Lakou i manaoio aku i ka poe akeakamai o ka manawa, i kēia wahi i ke hoʻololi i ka lanakila i ka mahele ma waena o kumuhana, a e hoopii mai ai, a ua ai ano o ka lawelawe panina kālaiʻike. Intersubjective kuhikuhi ma ka kālaiʻike i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka manaʻo o kekahi kūikawāʻano o ka ike maopopo i ke ka pukaʻana ma ka hoahanau kanaka.

Nā Papahana mea i ulu a me kālaiʻike o ka 20th kenekulia hoʻohana, ua oi eiiieaena, a hiki i kekahi mau mea maemae ehiku, i like me ka panina akeakamai o ka 19th kenekulia. Ma kekahi, ia mea ka nohoaliʻi kūlana ma 'ō o ka philosophical hana o ke kino a me ka' ole o ke kanaka moʻomeheu (hoailona-symbolic ē aʻei manaʻo hāʻina o nā haʻawina). Ke akeakamai o ka 20th kenekulia ua i wehewehe aku e kona nunui-hoʻoponopono '. Kēia i ka lewa ma ke ano o kona mau mea a me nā kula. New wahi mea i mua iʻikeʻole i loko o ka 20th kenekulia 'ole i loko o ka Astronomical o philosophical a me kaʻepekema manaʻo.

Me ka hoʻomaka o ke au hou ua loli ka leo a me ka nohona ma naʻau i loko o philosophical hana, ka mea, ua nalowale i ka paulele optimism i mea ano o ka panina kālaiʻike. Ke akeakamai o ka 20th kenekulia kokoke hiki kokoke i e pili ana i ka loa hou noho 'worldview, a me mirorazmernosti mirootsenki, he kanaka i ua pololei e pili pū ana i nā mea a pau hoʻonui i ka pono no ka radically houʻano o ka rationality.