Antiochus Cantemir: Kawaihae. Hana Antioha Dmitrievicha Kantemira

Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir - kekahi o ka brightest na kii o syllabic moÿomeheu au hou (ka heyday o ka moʻokalaleo ma mua a hiki i ka Lomonosov nā mea hoʻololi). He Ua ke kino kanaka, hana ole wale ma ka moʻokalaleo, akā, i loko o kālai'āina: ia i paʻa kalaiaina pūnaewele ma lalo o Ana I. E ka loaaʻi ka ikeʻana me kana hana a me Kawaihae.

Antiochus Cantemir: he pōkole Kawaihae

Antiochus Ua hanau ia ma 1708 ma ka aliʻi ohana me ka Lomānia kumu ae. Kona makua kāne, Dmitry K., ua i ka luna o ka Moldavian na'lii, a me kona makuwahine, Cassandra, pili i ka ohana o Cantacuzino kahiko a me ka hanohano. He Ua hanau, a malaila i ka makahiki mua o kona ola i loko o Constantinople (e Kou), a ma ke kupulau o 1712 hoʻoneʻe i ka 'ohana a hiki i ka Russian aupuni a pau.

Ka ohana Antiochus Kantemir i ka muli loa. Aia he 6 keiki: 4 keiki kāne a me nā kaikamāhine 2 (Maria, Smaragd, Matthew, Sergei, Constantine a me Anetioka). I mai la lakou a pau i loaa mai i ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi ma ka hale, akā, wale nō mākou meʻe i ka lanakila o ka manawa, a hoomau iho la oia aʻo i loko o Greco-Slavic Academy. Mahalo i ka ikaika a me ka make wai no ka ike, Prince Antiochus Cantemir lilo kekahi o ka loa a me ka naʻauao e holumua ai kanaka o ka 18th kenekulia!

Ma hope o ka puka, i ke keiki Antiochus hui i ka Preobrazhensky Regiment, a nui koke ala i ke ano o ka hae. I loko o kēia mau makahiki (1726-1728 GG.), He hele kulanui haʻi'ōlelo Bernoulli a loa aku la i loko o ka Russian Academy o Sciences.

Ka mua na hana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo

Ka hoʻomaka o ka aoao ana 'o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ua i ia manawa, i ka wa a ke kaiāulu kanaka, i malama ola naoh i ka wehe ana o na nā mea hoʻololi o Peter I. Antiochus iho ua he follower o Petero i ka mooolelo, no laila, i ka 1727, ua hui i ka pae, a i alai ai e Feofan Prokopovich. Ma kana mau hana a pau mākou i ka ole nui kēia mau lehulehu olelo la.

Ka loa mua o kāna hana i palapala like me ka mea hiki alakai i ka Mea Paipala Verses, a halelu, ka mea i kapaia o "Symphony o Halelu, e". I ka 1726 a hoike aku la i kona puke Ana I, e like me ka hoailona o ka mahalo a me ka hoomaikai aku. Ke aliʻi wahine, Ua loa oluolu a me kana mau olelo, a ua pai ia ka puke paiia o ka 1000 kope.

Ka loa kaulana puke Cantemir

Ma hope, hoomaka ae la oia e unuhi i ka na haole hana,ʻano nui - ka mea, ua unuhi ia mai Palani. Ka loa kaulana hana, i apono ia ia me he kanaka hoohalike olelo nui - he unuhi o Fontenelle. Antiochus Kantemir hooko ole wale ke kupono nń mo o ka puke "ke kamailio e pili ana i ke 'ano o ka lani a", akā, i hou i ka mahele ana i kona mau manao a me ka manaʻo. I loko nō o ka urgency o ka puke i loko o nā'āinaʻEulopa he nui loa, i loko o Rusia, i banned kana mau hana ma ka Empress, no ka mea, allegedly hoole aku paha i na kumu o ka pono a me ka hoomana.

Antiochus Cantemir: na hana o ka satire

Anetioka Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o keia ano keia ano o ka moʻokalaleo, me he satire. Kona poetry mua denounced detractors Sciences. Kekahi o na hana kaulana o "No ka hoino ao ana, no kona manao," i loko o keia hana, oia ironically olelo o ka poe i manao ia lakou iho "akamai", akā, "ma Zlatoust aole hoi e hoomaopopo."

Ke blossoming o kona makakū ha awina i wahi i loko o nā makahiki 1727-1730. I ka 1729, he okoa moʻo o ia satirical versification i hanaia. Ma nā mea a pau i palapala mai satires 9, i kēia mau mea i ka loa kaulana o ia:

• "No ka huahua o ke alii ko lakou zloenravnyh" - e hoomaewaewa ana i nā kaukaualiʻi, ka mea i lilo kona palapala pono ka lakou hana, a ma hope o ka moʻomeheu.
• "Ma ka likeʻole ma waena o kanaka kuko" - ia i kekahi ano o ka manaʻo a hiki i ka Archbishop o Novgorod, i waiho kokoke ana i ka hewa a me nā kuko o ka papa kiʻekiʻe ekalesia alakaʻi.
• "Kaʻoiaʻiʻo oluolu" - i ka hana o nā mea kākau Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir kūkaʻi'ōleloʻana ma luna o ka ninau mau loa o ke ola, a haawi i ka pane "wale i ka pomaikai ma keia ola ana i ka maʻiʻo me ka liilii, a noho i loko o ka maluhia."

hiʻona na hana

Pili kēia satirical luna ua ukuia i kona kino hilinaʻi. Prince Antiochus Cantemir ua ai kupaʻa i Rusia, a aloha i ka Lūkini kanaka, i kona pahuhopu nui i ka hana a pau no lākou e pono ai. He makemake me nā nā mea hoʻololi a pau o Peter I, a me ke alii ia ia iho ua infinitely ua mahaloia no kana mau hana i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. A pau i kona mau manao ma ke akea i oleloia ma kana mau palapala. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o kona mau poem a me na olelo lapuwale mea pahee diatribes, ua piha o ke kolohe i kana mau hana, a nele soperezhevany kaumaha e pili ana i ka emi ana o na mea he nui o na hoao nui o Petero I.

Kekahi e olelo aku i Antiochus Cantemir, nona Kawaihae mea i mea e hopohopo nei i ka lehulehu hana, ua hiki ke hana no laila, walaau ole kālai'āina satire ma ka hoao ana i elele i Enelani wale. Ma laila i loaʻa i konaʻike hou nui e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka moku'āina, i ike lea i ka hana o ka nui Western hoʻomāʻikeʻike wale:ʻike hoʻokumu Horace, Juvenal, Boileau a me Peresia i ka weliweli ole i kana hana.

State ha awina Antioha Kantemira

Cantemir Anetioka Dmitrievich (Kawaihae ua pili loa intertwined me ka haliu ae la ia wahi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Russian aupuni a pau) ua he kākoʻo iā ia, no nā nā mea hoʻololi o Peter I, no laila, i ka 1731 me ia i olelo mai e ku e ia ka bila kanawai, i kona makemake nui e hāʻawi aku aliʻi lakou mau pono kalaiaina. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia nanea i ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai o ka Empress Anny Ioannovny, ka mea, ua nui ka pilina i ke kūkākūkā ana o kana mau hana.

I loko nō o kona wā'ōpiopio, Antiochus Kantemir ua hiki ke loaʻa ai ka pomaikai nui i ka lehulehu mea. Ua ua ia i kōkua mai i ka Empress, e lawe i kona ka maʻamau wahi like me ka poeikohoia o ka Aha Kukamalu i hoʻoneʻe ai i ke kahua me ka coup nana. Antiochus Cantemir ohi nui na inoa o na luna a me nā luna o kekahi papa, a laila, alakaʻi iā kino Trubetskoy a me Cherkasky ma Empress Palace. No kona lawelawe oia i generously hāʻawi me ka dala a me ka häʻawi mai ai iä kalaiaina elele i 'Enelani.

kalaiaina kaua

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1732 i ka makahiki o ka 23 makahiki, kona la e hele i ka London i nā hana o ke kalaiaina e noho ana i ka hana. I loko nō o ka nele o ka 'ōlelo nā mākau, a me ka nele o ka hana, oia ua hiki ia e nui e piʻi like ana ma ka paepaeʻana i nā pono o ka Russian aupuni a pau. Ka Beritania lakou olelo ana ia ia, e like me ka pono a me ka benevolent kālai'āina. Mea mea:ʻo ia ua ka mua Lūkini elele ma ka palena aina.

Elele iʻEnelani i mālama aku iā ia i ka pono kalaiaina kula, a ma hope o 6 makahiki o ka hana i loko o London, la oia i hoolilo ia Farani. He hoʻokele e kūkulu i ka maikai pilina me ka nui Palani kii: Maupertuis, Montesquieu a me na mea e ae.

1735-1740-ies ua loa kaumaha i loko o ka Lūkini-Farani mau hoahanau, ka mea, ua likeʻoleʻokoʻa, akā, mahalo no ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Cantemir, he nui nīnūnē i ua hoʻonā 'ia ma maluhia ke kūkā'.

hopena hana

Ma nā mea a pau, palapala iho la oia i na hana e pili ana i 150, i waena a ma laila nō satirical poem, manao lapuwale, epigrams, odes a me nā unuhi mai Palani. Ka mea, ua ola a hiki i kēia lā, akā, i kekahi o kona nā unuhi i nalowale. Aia nā Ua ulu maila i ka mea i luku intentionally.

No ka laʻana, ka mea no i ike hopena o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima "Epictetus", "Persian palapala" a he nui nā unuhi o ka 'atikala mai i loko o Palani Lūkini.

Kekahi o kana mau hana Antiochus Cantemir kakau inoa ma lalo o ka inoa o Hariton Makentin ia mea he anagram o kona inoa a me ka i kapaia. He ua haʻaheo o kana hana, akā, ka mea e i ike i ka malamalama. Loaʻa Ua nalowale aneane 'aoʻao a pau o ka puke.

Kona palapala, ai 'hoʻoilina o na hana oi aku mamua o hookahi haneri a me kanalima, a me 9 satirical versification, 5 nā mele (ode), 6 manao lapuwale, 15 epigrams (3 o ka a i kapaia "Autobiographical memo", a ho i ka māhele' ekolu o ka hookahi huahana), ma kahi o 50 AaOAaXIeAeAIE, 2-3 nui unuhi hana mai Palani kākau poe wā o Cantemir.

He aha na makana i i e Antiochus ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo?

Kona nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o? Acaeoey a me ka ho okumu ana o kahiko Russian, a me ke kālā no moʻokalaleo, ia mea paakiki ke overestimate. Ma hope o nā wā a pau, ua hoala hou ia ma kana mau hana, e pili ana i ka makana lā: .. hoopii i na kahuna o ka mana, 'ino ai ka hana o nā luna a me kā lākou mau' ohana, etc. Cantemir o ka forefather o kēia 'ano o ka moʻokalaleo, me he satire. Kekahi i ninau aku i ka mea hiki e pöʻino titular aliʻi, a no ka mea, ua palapala mai i ka satire? Ke pane waiho i loko o kana mau palapala, ma ka mea ana i ike ia wale i ke ano oiaio o na kamaaina wau i hāʻawi mai iā ia i ka ikaika, e kākau ia i ka poignant satirical hana. Incidentally, i ka hua'ōlelo "kupa" Ua dala iho Cantemir!

Ke kia o ka elele i loko o Paris i ka hopena maikaʻi ma luna o kona ola kino, a ua mua nāwaliwali no i ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi maʻi - puʻupuʻu. Eia naʻe, Cantemir i e hoomau a hiki i ka make loa, a ola. He make ia ma Palika ma 1744 ma ka makahiki o ka 37 makahiki. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o St. Rotehama Greek hoailona, i kahi ma Moscow.