Ascomycete: hōʻikeʻano, na hoailona

Mai marsupials fungi nei? Kēia ninau pono o kela'ē aʻe schoolboy enthusiastically aʻo kālaimeaola papa. Mau fungi pili ana i ke aupuni, i nā 'elele mai ka mahae vegetative kino. Ka mea, i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'īnea i hehee wale - mauʻeke. Ka mea, nāʻewalu ascospores. Kekahi laha 'ana o kēia mau fungi i imperfect, no ka mea, i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ke ola lilo lākou reproductive ioeaie. Ka mea, e asexual nā'ōlelo.

Mau'aʻaʻa i loko o kēia mau Fish i aneane loa hana. 'Ia mea wale he mau parasitic meaola. Ka 'ole o kela a me keia lala o keia papa nā chitin (mai ka 20 a hiki i 25 pakeneka) a me ka glucan.

Ola marsupials Fish ( 'elele e e helu' ia ma lalo nei) ma luna o ka i koe iho o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.

It E e kaulana i na ano o ka punahelu (ʻulaʻula,ʻeleʻele, poʻohina-'ōmaʻomaʻo) e pili ana i ka Ascomycetes. Mahalo i ka alani-a pink fungus poepoe o aaiaoe? Ua loaʻa he nui successes. Ascomycetes haawi nā hualoaʻa a.

Ascomycetes papa kikowaena ma kahi o 2 tausani genera a me 30,000? Ueo. Ka maikai-ikeia ka poeikohoia i ka hū, truffle, morel, Parmelee, laina.

morphology

Vegetative kino ninoieo a mau i pohā, i mahele ia. Mahalo iā ia, i ka Fish ke lilo emi ke kelepona mea, mai ka hoʻonaʻauao filamentous. Inā na Ascomycetes a me zygomycota kakou e hoakaka aku, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka mua ola lōʻihi kupono.

Ascomycete hoonohonoho i loko o ia ke ano e kona kino mea hiki ia e like ma waena o spores cytoplasm, nuclei, organelles. Ma kēlā me kēia aeea he mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO he hookahi haploid mall hehee ai i ka waiwai a me ka hoʻoili i ka aaiaoe ike (DNA).

General 'ike e pili ana i ka'ōlelo a me ka ulu ana

Marsupials Fish i mau aoao o ka'ōlelo:

• anamorph (asexual ala);
• teleomorph (moe 'ole i).

Ma kālaimeaola, i kapa mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana mau holomorphs. Ka mea, e i makemake kekahi i kekahi. Hoi kekahi poe kanaka no anamorphs kino ke neʻe i teleomorph. I mea no ke aha la hanau ascomycetes kekahi? Ueo akā, ma naʻano likeʻole kānakaʻepekema i kanaka lunamakaainana i malamaia lakou. Mahalo i ka hakakino noiʻi 'epekema haawi oluolu e maopopo pehea i kekahi marsupial fungus i hana ma ke kaʻina.

Anamorph (asexual ala)

anamorphs kaʻina ua lawe mai ma conidia. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka hou morphology Ua like. Kēlā me kēia no ia hiki e kekahi unicellular paha multicellular. Transverse i pohā ka mea, i ka kona palena helu. Conidia pinepine i ua hoʻokōʻia kinona.

Nō kāu, ua mahuahua ka koʻana koko marsupial fungus ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka 'ole hehee wale. i loaʻa Oia ka poeikohoia ma luna o ka lau o nā lāʻau, a i lōʻihi ua bapetizo i loko o ka wai.

Teleomorph (moe nā'ōlelo) ma ka lalo pepa

keia papa o fungi ke paʻi ma ka mea o ka 'īnea i nā hale, akā, me ka ho okumu ana o gametes. E lawe mai i kēia kaʻina hana ma luna o hyphae hana ke kane a me ka wahine nā loko. Keia ano o marsupials fungi like me ke ano o ka limu - ka mea i hoi iki Hoʻololi 'oogonia.

Inā ka lalo ano mākou noonoo, ka teleomorph like e zigogamiey. Kēia mea, no ka mea i hanaʻia gametangia i ka'ālike palapala, a ma hope o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohuiʻia ia mau mea nukelea kuʻi nukeliu ia lŘlŘ. Akā, i kēia mau Fish hope 'ana e loli ai i nā mea a pau o ka mall hehee wale, no laila, mau karyogamy hana. Ma hope o ia, ke meiosis, i a laila hele i loko o ka zygote eke.

Teleomorph (moe nā'ōlelo) i loko o nā 'ano apau loa kiekie ae

E noonoo pono i ke kaʻina o nā'ōlelo ma nāʻano kiʻekiʻe, ka mea pono e olelo mai ana oia i kekahi iki oi paakiki ma mua i loko o ka lalo. Arhikarp uhi askogon. Eia hou, ka mea, ua differentiated. Ma luna o ka mea, "e hiki" i loko o ka palapala o ke paipu. Antheridium unicellular mea he hehee ai a i ka paukūʻolokaʻa shape. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻi pū, ka nucleus cytoplasm e ole converge, akā, converging. Dikaryons hana. Lākou mau nuclei, ma ka huli, e mahele ia i na hapa. Ma nā'ōlelo ascomycete ano asci, ma hope a ma laila mea he hoʻohui o ka haploid nuclei. Me ka palaualelo manawa i hana meiosis. Ua puunaueia ka mea i hanaʻia Kora naʻEsau metoticheski. I ka hopena o kaʻewalu mall hehee wale.

Nā'ōlelo: Hopena

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wale nô o kekahi mauʻano o nā'ōlelo o kēia papa ma na mea he nui ka mahalo i hiki ke Nohie. No ka laʻana, antheridia hiki ole ke hana - e auou caiaiai me ka vegetative kino paha conidia mea. ea lua i pele, ka wai, a ma insect spermatsii hoololiia i trichogins laila merge i ka cytoplasm o aeee. Hyphae a mauʻeke i hana ole wale randomly akā, no hoi ma ko lakou mau kino, i mea paa i ulana pūʻia mall lālā.

Fruiting kino i maheleia i eha hoailona ia mea:

• Apothecia. Fish kahiko no marsupial me kēiaʻano i ka nui eke. Ka mea hiki ke hana parafizy.
• Perithecia. Mauʻeke o kēia mau fungi i paa loa a he nawaliwali kekahi. Lākou helehelena bakeke e inu.
• Cleistothecia. Hua kino o ka fungi mai ka paʻa shape.
• Pseudothecia. Keia kino no wale i ka kekahiʻano o ka fungi. Ke moe kaʻina Ua lawe mai ma hope o ka ho okumu gametangium. Perithecia ke aupuni 'ma hyphae, i ka poe i kaheaia ke stroma.

Meaning no kānaka, a me ka Honua

Ke ola kalapona o ascomycetes pono no ano honua kahi poepoe poepoe honua. Aie i ka mea i ka mea, e wāwahi iho make lālā, lāʻau, lau, na mea lako hou i ka kalapona a me ka naikokene ma ka Honua. No ka holoholona (e laʻa me, rodents, invertebrates, etc.). Ascomycetes i ka ai. Ma ka wai i hoʻolilo 'ia o ka fungi maopopo loa nui.

Ka nui loa ua hana mai lichen ascomycetes. Ka mea, nā kēia mau meaola - oi ma mua o 95%. kekahi hana Mycorrhizae me kā lākou kōkua. Kekahi ka holo akula a me ka manawa e "noho" i loko o ka meaola i kekahiʻano o ka fungi.

Pinepine i loaʻa i waena o ascomycetes parasitic ka poeikohoia, i ka poe i hana i ka mea kanu, a me ka holoholona. Ka mea, i ka causative konohiki o na mea he nui ka maʻi 'ano hoʻoponopono. I ke kanaka, he, marsupials Fish parasitize. Kekahiʻai i i hoʻohanaʻia e kanaka, e 'ole ma o ka Ascomycetes.

Truffles a me morels, a i na elele o kēia mau fungi, ua pinepine hoʻohana kanaka ai like. Ka hū mea hoʻohana no ke kāluaʻia o ka Hale Puhi Palaoa huahana, kekahi kea manufacturing, no ka lāʻau ulu. Ascomycetes loaʻa kā lākou palapala noi ma ka 'epekema.

Hū - ka loa hanohano Luna

Kēia inoa i hoʻopuka pū 1,500 okoa laʻelaʻe 'ia. e hiki ke noho ma ka wai a me ka kalaka nui-paa substrates lakou.

Ka hua'ōlelo "hū" ua loko mai o ka Proto-Slavic verb e ia hoʻi "e holo ikaika", "kaʻawili". Keia inoa ua ike i na Lūkini-olelo ana kanaka. Ka mole o ka "shiver" literally pololei ano o nā mea a pau na keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hana ana i fermentation o ka fungus. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea kani me ka hū ka' ōlelo Pelekānia inoa. I unuhi 'ia i loko o Lūkini, ka mea,' o ia hoʻi "e līkaia no ke kinoea."

Ua nana e like marsupials fungi (hūʻole), ike i ka mea a pau, no ka mea, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no nā kenekulia housewives no baking. Beer Ua brewed no ma kahi o eono tausani makahiki aku nei BC, ua mua hoʻohana i kēia mau Fish. Hana kālua enehana kanaka i E ke Kumu i ka uuku hope - i ka 1200 BC. e ka.

Ke hū mua i 'akomi i ma lalo o ka microscope i ka 1680, akā, laila, no ka mea, o ka wa e kaawale aku o ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi o ko lākou mau neʻe i ike like ola meaola. A iki ma hope, i kau aku imua o ka pähola 'ana i ka hū nae - liluwelo waiwai a me kā lākou mau reactions - Nine Inch. Over manawa, i kēia kumumanaʻo i ua kuhiakau. Hoao i na kanakaʻona mau fermentation - he kūlohelohe kaʻina.

hū? ueo

Ka hū, ua māheleʻia i loko o elima hoailona ia mea: kahuai, maloo, pia, ka waina, a kaomi.

Kālua Fish i loaʻa i loko o kēlā me kēia hale kūʻai. Ka mea, hiki ke waiho waho no ka lōʻihi manawa, a me kā lākou 'ole mea ai na mea i ka mea, he mama kekahi, e kukeʻana i ka palaoa, a me ke keiki.

Koiʻana iā Fish mai e ola lōʻihi: ole refrigeration ka mea,ʻaʻole e paʻa ka oi ma mua o 14 mau lā. ka mea, hiki deteriorate A wela kiʻekiʻe i loko o emi ma mua o ka hebedoma. Inā e waiho ia ma lalo o ka pahu hau, na Fish e kupono i kekahi 2 mahina. Mamua o hoʻohana, mea, e ia ka pono i ka mehana ka wai.

Maloo ka hū - Fish i ka lōʻihi holopapa ola. Ma kekahi me wahi, he mea ole humidity, e hiki e moe no 2 makahiki ka mea. Inā ka mea, e hana, e pono e ia ka pono i loko o ka wai (eʻoiaʻiʻo e mahana). i hemo Mail Fish, akā, ka mea e noho makaukau no ka hoʻohana i ka 10-15 minuke.

Beer Fish i puunaueia i ka nui helu o subspecies. Inā mākou e noonoo i kela mea keia mea o lakou i okoa ho'āʻo iho au, a ke, alaila, inu i o ia no hoi i kekahi mau 'ano. Mau fungi i māhele i ka waiʻona, no laila ia mea,ʻaʻole e pono e hoike mai ia lakou. Ua hoi pinepine hoʻohana i kvas, akā, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka pia i loko o ka ka mea inu a me ka haleʻuwī waiū, ma laila nō koʻohune.

Aia mau no hoi i ai hūʻole, akā, no kanaka hokii ka mea, i waiho ia e hoʻohuiʻia.