Boris Pasternak - Kawaihae, i ke ola a me ka hana

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich, kona Kawaihae ua hōʻike i loko o keia 'atikala o kekahi o na mau haku o ka olelo, i hookoia kekahi o ka loa kuko i ka hoʻolilo' ia '- ka Nobel uku.

Kawaihae o ka haku mele

Boris Pasternak, kona Hawaii photo ua hōʻike i loko o ka pauku, i hānauʻia ma Moscow i ka 1890. ka haku mele kaʻohana ua makakū a me ke akamai. Makuahine - he pianist, kona makuakane i ka pena kaulana a me ka academician. Kana hana i loaa kiʻekiʻe hoolea, a me kekahi poe i kuai ia e ka haipule kaulana Tretyakov no kona e neeaaia. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak ua launa pu me Leo Tolstoy, a ua kekahi o kona mau punahele kekahi mea kaha kiʻi.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka mua-hanau Boris, ka ohana ma hope, hele maiʻekolu hou keiki - ke keiki muli loa a me nā kaikamāhineʻelua.

kamaliʻi

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, nona poem i ole i ua palapala, mai ka hanau ua i loko o ka mea ana 'lewa. ka hale o kona mau mākua 'ua mau hoʻokipa maikaʻi ākea hamama no koʻikoʻi ma nā malihini. Kaawale mai Lva Tolstogo, a i kipa i ka haku mele e Scriabin a me Rachmaninoff, Artists Levitan a me Ivanov, a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe makakū kanaka. O ka holo ana, halawai ana me ia hiki ole akā, pili i ka Pasternak. Ka nui ole ma luna ona i Scriabin, kona keiki 13-makahiki-kahiko Boris no ka lōʻihi manawa seriously komo i ka mele, a Ua hoʻolala i ka lilo i ka haku mele.

Aʻo Boris Pasternak (Kawaihae o ka haku mele loaʻa i kēia mea) loa. Puka 'o ia mai ka lima Moscow gymnasium ma a na nā papa ma lalo hoʻomaʻamaʻa Vladimir Mayakovsky. Ka poʻe,ʻo ia aʻo ma o ka haku mele 'ana nā kumu o ka Moscow Conservatory. High kula, ua puka 'o ia brilliantly - me ka gula kâlâ keʻokeʻo, a me ka hemolele heluʻai i loko o nā mea a pau i poe kauwa.

paakiki wae

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich, nona Kawaihae e e hoʻohuiʻia ma hope mea ole no nae he mea paakiki koho ma hope o ka puka, i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e lawe i ka mea mua, ka mea i loa ola olelo hooholo no ia - e haʻalele i ka haku mele i ka 'oihana. He ana ia ia iho, i loko o kona Kawaihae ma hope wehewehe anaʻo ia i hana ai, no ka mea, e ole noho lea kona nui. Ke ano o ka wā e hiki mai haku mele ua mua he nui ka hoʻokô 'a me ka hana ana i waiho ai. Ināʻo ia ka hoʻomaka 'i kekahi mea, a laila, lawe mai i ka oo. Nolaila, e ka loa aloha music, akā, me ka ike ana ia i hiki ole loaʻa i loko o kēiaʻoihana e pono ai no ka iho ike lea ana, Pasternak, ma kana mau olelo, "kona kaili ana mai" ia mai iā ia iho.

I ka makahiki 1908, ua komo i ka Moscow University, mua ma ka'āuna kumu o kānāwai, akā, i ka makahiki hope hoʻololi i ka hoʻoholo 'ana a me ka unuhi' ia i loko o philosophical Oihana. Like manawa, Pasternak''he haumāna, a ma ka makahiki 1912, noho no lakou i kona mau haʻawina ma ke Kulanui o Margburga kulanakauhale. He wānana i ka maikai poe akeakamai 'oihana i loko o Germany, akā, oia koke hoʻoholo i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho,ʻaʻole kālaiʻike, a me ka poetry.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka makakū ala

Dabbled ma poetry,ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka 'ke aumoe, a puni 1910. Boris Pasternak ka poem o ia manawa, e like me na wawe i Sergeya Bobrova, ka haku mele o nā hoapili e hana pu ma poetic koʻikoʻi a hanohano, he childish ma ka palapala, e ho'āʻo ana e lawa i ka nui maʻiʻo.

Kipa Venice me kona ohana i ka makahiki 1912 a me ka ole o kona loira i Boris holoʻokoʻa i hele mai. Kēia i ka lewa i loko o kona mua Verses o ia wā.

I ka hoʻiʻana i Moscow,ʻo ia i hoʻomaka e komo i loko o ka palapala, ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano "Musaget" a me ka "Lyrics", e olelo ana me kona mau poem. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, oia ua o Laielohelohe ia ia LIKE ma poetry, futurism a me ka symbolism, akā, ma hope aʻoi i ke komo i loko o kekahi palapala, ai '' ē aʻe, a me ke aupuni kūʻokoʻa.

1913-1914 makahiki he Pasternak eventful ma makakū ola. Mua, he mau no kona mau poem i paʻiʻia, a ua i paʻiʻia ka mua ohi i ka 1914, "o Didumo ma ke ao." Akā, i kēia mau mea, ike i ka hale oiai wale ho'āʻo ma ka palapala, e like me ka olioli a me ka pono o ka lakou mau hana. I ka hookahi makahiki ana i lilo ike me Vladimir Mayakovsky. Pasternak me he haku mele, e hina ia ma lalo o kona aoao.

I ka hanau ana o ka haku mele

Ke kaʻina hana o kaʻike hoʻokumu - kekahi mea he inexplicable. Kekahi hana wale, me ināʻo Kauikeaouli, i ka 'ē aʻe akahele Hone kēlā hopuna'ōlelo, loaʻa hemolele. Ka hope no ia Boris Pasternak. Poetry no ia ia - ka mea, 'o ka makana ole wale nui, akā, i hana. Nolaila, wale paʻi i ka 1922 i ka ohi ana o "koʻu kaikuwahine - Life", oia ua noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻomaka o kana palapala, ai '' oihana. Boris Pasternak ka poem, komo pū i loko o ka mea i kākauʻia i loko o ke kauwela o 1917.

hoohua 1920

Ka hoʻomaka o ka 1920 i waeʻia e kekahi mau nui hanana. I ka 1921, ka haku mele i ka makua emigrated i Hawaii, a ma ka 1922, Boris Pasternak, nona Kawaihae he nui hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo, mare Evgenii Vladimirovne Lure. A makahiki ma hope, ka mea, i ke keiki Zhenya.

Boris Pasternak kaʻike hoʻokumu i loko o kēia mau makahiki productively - i ka 1923 he mea i ka ohi ana o "Halaman a me ka likeʻole" a me ka mau kaulana poem - ". Nine haneri a me ka lima o ka makahiki" "Lutanela Schmidt" a me ka Ka mea, lilo iho la i ka palapala, ai 'hanana o ka makahiki, a loaa kiʻekiʻe loiloi' o Maksima Gorkogo.

Haku mele a me ka Soviet mana

Ka hoʻomaka o ka 1930s - ka manawa Pasternak iaia ka mana. Kana mau hana i ua paʻi i kela makahiki, i ka haku mele i ka makahiki 1934, e hoʻopakele i ka'ōlelo ma ka Ahaolelo mua o ka Union o mea kākau. Kona maoli kapa i ka mea maikaʻi haku mele o ka aina. Akā, me ka mana, aole ia e hoʻopoina i ka haku mele i ka ikaika, e ku mai no ka hopu ohana o ka poetess Anny Ahmatovoy, Mandelstam a me Gumilev mālama aku. Kēia iʻole,ʻaʻole e kala mai i kekahi. 'Aʻole i pakele i kēia hopena a me Boris Pasternak. Pōkole Kawaihae o ka haku mele mai nei i ka 1936 ai ka iwa o ka makahiki o konaʻaneʻane hoʻopau mai ka kūhelu ka palapala, ai ke ola o ka aina, hewa ia i ka hewa Outlook a me ka poe mai ke ola.

ka unuhi 'ana Pasternak

It no laila, hiki i Pasternak ua ike i ka unuhi olelo, i emi ma mua me he haku mele. Ua Ua kapaia kekahi o ka maikai haku o poetic unuhi. ʻO wai ka mea, ināʻaʻoleʻo ia kupanaha haku mele, hiki e maikaʻi ma mua o ka 'ike i ka hana ana i kekahi mea nāna i hana?

No ka mea, o ka hopena maikaʻi e pili ana o na luna i loko o ka hopena o 1930s, ka haku mele ua waiho me ka uku. Kana mau hana i ole reissued, dala hoeha nui nele, a me Pasternak pili ia i ka hoʻoili. Me ka pili ana i ko lakou haku mele i kona mau manaʻo. He manaoio aku i ka unuhi - ka ia kuokoa hana o ke akamai, i ka mua. A loaa no hoi ia i hele mai i ka hana a me nā mea a pau i kona meticulousness, makemake i ka e na mea a pau hemolele.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, poem a me nā unuhi i komo i ke gula dala o Lūkini a me ka haole moʻokalaleo, këia unuhi i loko o 1918 i hoomaka ai. A lailaʻo ia i hana ka hapanui i ka hana o Kelemānia haku mele. Kona papa kuhikuhi hana, i lilo ai i ka 1936. He hele aku la i ka neoneo ma Peredelkino, a ua hana ikaika ma luna o ka unuhi o Shakespeare, Goethe, Byron, Rilke, Keats, Varley. Ano, ua kuaiia i kana hana ma ka par me na hana mua.

Pasternak unuhi - keia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ka manawa kūpono e hanai i ka ohana, akā, i ke ano o ke ala, e ike ia iho me he haku mele i loko o ka olelo o ka ino a me ka hoole ana, e hoolaha aku i kana mau hana. Boris Pasternak ua aie i ka nani AaOAaXIeAeAIE o Shakespeare, a i lōʻihi ua noʻonoʻo Classics.

War a postwar makahiki

Eha i loaa ia e ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o kona wā kamaliʻi, i i ae aku ia ia e e mobilized i ke alo iloko o ke Kaua Honua II. Akā, noho aku la oia e hiki ia lakou. Ma hope o hoʻopau koa aʻo, i hoouna aku ai i ke alo o ka reporter ia. I ka hoʻiʻana i ka hale, i loko o Peredelkino, ka mea hana i ka pōʻaiapuni o patriotic poem.

Makahiki ma hope o ke kaua - i ka manawa o ka hana. Pasternak i ka puu, no ka mea, o kona wale nō makahiki. Poetry i loko o ka postwar makahiki, i palapala mai ai i ka uuku - a pau o kona manawa hana ma ka unuhi a me ka hana ma luna o ka hou puke.

Ma kēia mau makahiki a me nā buke no kekahi titanic hana o ka haku mele - ". Faust" ka unuhi o Goethe ka

"Kauka Zhivago" - i ka oioi o ka mea i hanaia a me ka hana ana o ka haku mele o ka punahele

Kēia puke Ua pio ka polokalamu ka mea nui a me ka poe hana o ka haku mele. He umi makahiki, hele i kona Boris Pasternak. "Kauka Zhivago" - Ua pili kēia autobiographical puke.

Noho hoʻomaka '- 1945. I keia manawa, i ka prototype o ka wahine ke kiʻi o ka puke i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wahine a Zinaida Neuhaus. Ma hope o ka helehelena i loko o ke ola Pasternak Olga Ivinskaya, a lilo iho la ia i kona hou kukakuka iho, i ka puke hele wikiwiki.

Kēia puke - i ka papa kuhikuhiE a me ka punahele keiki o ka haku mele, i hanaia i ka lōʻihi manawa - 10 makahiki. He mea nae he moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho o ka mea kākau moʻolelo,ʻano hōʻoio mooolelo o ka hanana ma ka aina, mai ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia a pau me ke kaua weliweli. No keia honesty "Kauka Zhivago" a oia i categorically hooleia e ka mana, a me Boris Pasternak, kona Kawaihae hale kūʻai hanana i kēia pilikia wā, i na hoopai ana a hiki i keia ino.

He paʻakikī i ka manaʻo o ka mea, ua paakiki ia e kekahi mau o ka hoohewaia ana, o ka oi aku, mai na nā hoapili.

Ma ka Soviet Union i loko o ka paiia o ka puke ka mea, ua hōʻole aie i ka controversial kākau moʻolelo o ka nānaina o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana. Roma i hoʻomaopopo ai wale wale aku no. Ka mea, ua hiki i ka hoolaha ma Italia. I ka 1957, ua hookuu ia "Kauka Zhivago" Pasternak, a lilo iho la ka manawa, ka waiʻona ma. He ka huina hoonui o ka West loaa rave nāʻana.

1958 - he mea kupaianaha lā. Ke ia nā kumu kāki no ka Nobel uku - he haku mele, a me ka olioli nui loa ana o ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o kona talena ma ka holoʻokoʻa, a me maoli ke kaumaha ma muli o ia ka hoʻomau 'ana me ka hana hou ia ka lohi ole kekahi hana. Ua mohai aku Ua like me ka hoopai ana, e kipaku, ma o ka haku mele pane i manaʻo iā lākou iho me ka'āina,ʻo ia hiki ole. A pau ka awaawa o ka wā Pasternak succinctly a paa i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka poem "Ka Nobel uku", i kākau' ia ma 1959. ʻO ia nā kumu kāki ka mea, he e haawi aku, a no keia pauku, paʻi wale aku,ʻo ia pono i ole ua ia ma lalo o ka 'atikala "kipi." Uku haʻakiu Nā ma ka mea i ka puke i wahi me ka ae ole o Pasternak.

Boris Pasternak - pōkole poem o ka haku mele

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka hana i kakahiaka nui o ka haku mele, ka mea ikaika i manao ai i ka aoao o ke symbolism. Loa eiiieaena rhymes, i nā akua kiʻi, a like me kā i typical no kēia wā. Loli dramatically Pasternak ka kaila iloko o na makahiki kaua. Verses like me lilo oluolu a me ka mea heluhelu. Ka mea, e koke, a hiki wawe ka waihonakala, a me nā kiʻi e heluhelu pono i ka lālani. He oi loa oiaio o pōkole poem o ka haku mele, e like me "Hop", "Wind", "March", "kauhale". Pasternak ka ano akamai moe i loko o ka mea e hiki i ka mea uuku o kona poetry i hookoia i ka nunui philosophical manaʻo.

Boris Pasternak. Ka Ikepili poem "July"

Poem pili i ka weuweu wā o ka haku mele. Ua Ua kākau i loko o ka makahiki 1956 i ka wa Pasternak e kau mai ana ma ke kauwela i ka dacha ma Peredelkino. Inā i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka i palapala iho ai leo hone poetry, laila, ma hope ka mea, waiwai nohona kohoʻia, a me ka punahele theme like o ka haku mele - i ka naauao o ka ka hoʻomauʻana o ka honua maoli, a me kanaka.

"July" - he vivid mamuli o pastoral poetry. Ka inoa o ka hana a me kona theme like nō i ka ia. He aha ka ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo makemake, e hoolilo i ka mea heluhelu Boris Pasternak? July - kekahi o ka loa maikai kau mahina, e kauoha ana i ka oiaio mahalo no ka haku ai. A me kona mama, freshness a me kaʻume oia i manao i ka hōʻike.

Poem he o nā māhele. Ka mua hapa o e pili ana i ka lewa o ka mea pohihihi - i mea i ka hookipa, komo i loko o ka hale? Brownie, he uhane, he uhane ka mea hele mai e holo mai ana, haʻuki a me sneaks?

I ka lua o ka aoao o ka malu o ka pohihihi hookipaiaʻe e hōʻike - kēia hewa-July, iwaena konu o ka kauwela mahina. Haku mele humanizes July ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka impersonation: hale, unkempt slob, noho malihini.

Ke peculiarity o ka poem o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka mea kākau vivid pilikia makapō kiʻi: July "ma loko o ka tablecloth i ka papaʻaina," "holo i loko o ka puahiohio o ka hei ana".

Personal ola o ka haku mele

Boris Pasternak, kona Kawaihae hiki ole e piha me ka moʻolelo o kona ohana, i mare i nā manawaʻelua. E like me ka makakū kanaka, e noho ana Emotions, oia ua hoihoi kanaka. Not lawa ana e poho iho i ka banal hoopunipuni, akā, i noho pono i ka wahine aloha,ʻo ia i hiki ole.

Ka wahine mua o ka haku mele lilo i onaona Evgeniya Lure, he opiopio artist. Ka mea, hālāwai i ka 1921, a i ka halawai ana i ka haku mele, noonoo iho la ia symbolic. I keia manawa, Pasternak pau kana hana ma ka moʻolelo "kamaliʻi eyelets," a ke heroine ka inoa o Eugene, a ina oia i ike i ke kaikamahine i loko o kona kiʻi.

Eugene ua he maoli iau o ka haku mele. Maemae, ke kino, ke kino, a ma ka mea ia manawaʻeleu, a kuokoa, ua kena ae la ia ia halawai elation. I ka makahiki mua o ka mare ana, Boris Pasternak ua paha ka manawa mua he pomaikai. Mua, he aloha ikaika o Keʻei o nā pilikia, akā, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paakiki ke ola ana o ka poe ilihune 20-ies lilo increasingly intervene i loko o ka 'ohana ka pomaikai. Eugene uaʻaʻole he wahine hemolele,ʻo ia kekahi i makemake e ike iaʻu iho me he artist, a me ka nui ohana pili i Pasternak, e lawe no.

I ka 1926, ma waena ona a me Marina Tsvetaeva helu kuhi puke lōʻihi palapala, i mea e Kamehameha lili wahine o ka haku mele. Ia, aole ia i ku mai, a hele aku la i kona mau makua ma Germany Pasternak. Ma ka hopena, ua nō, e hāʻawi aku i ka makemake e ike iaʻu iho me he artist, a ke hoolilo aku i ko lākou ola i ka malama ana o kana kane. Akā, no ka haku mele i mua halawai i kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine, he lua - Zinaidoy Neygauz. He ua ua kanahā, ia - 32 o kona mau makahiki, ua mare a me ka hooulu ana i na mau keikikane.

Neuhaus o ka piha ku pono ana o Evgenii Lure. Ua Hoolaa Ua loa i kona 'ohana, ua nui loa ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ka mea, ua i ka hookahi ano hoohanohano a i ua hoʻomaopop 'ana i ka wahine mua o ka haku mele. Akā, Pasternak ma mua ike iho la i loko o ke aloha i keia wahine. Ka mea i kona ua mare, a he keiki, ka mea i pau. Ano, i kona ola,ʻo ia i wale ike ia.

I ka 1932, oia hemo, a lawe Eugenia Zinaida. Ma hope o hookaawale ana, mai kana wahine mua, ka mea, ua pau ia mau makahiki, a hiki i kona make ana, i kokua mai ia ia a me kana keiki, a malama i ka nano.

Pasternak me kana lua o ka wahine, hoi, au ua hauʻoli. E mālama, thrifty, ua ho'āʻo e haawi ia ia i hōʻoluʻolu, a me ka maluhia, a ua hoi i ka haku mele ka kukakuka iho. Ka lua o ka mare ana i hānau he keiki kāne, Leonid.

Family pomaikai ana, e like me ia ma ka mare mua, he uuku oi ma mua o 10 makahiki. Pasternak increasingly kakali ma kona dacha ma Peredelkino, a me ka nui a me ka oiʻaeʻa lākou, mai kana wahine. Once ma ka Magazine "New World",ʻo ia halawai hana ma laila e like me ka hoʻoponopono Olga Ivinskaya. Ka mea, ua i ka hope kukakuka iho o ka haku mele.

Kekahi mau manawa ho'āʻo ka mea, e haʻalele, e haʻalele i kana wahine, no ka Pasternak i ole makemake ia, o ia mea i ka hailona ia ia, a no laila, hiki ole ke hoʻolimalima hale e hana hanaʻino wale me ia.

I ka 1949 Ivinskaya hopuia, a hoouna aku la i ka wahi hoomoana no 5 makahiki no ka pilina me Boris Pasternak. A me kēia mau makahiki a pauʻo ia i mālama i kona mau kūpuna makuahine a me na keiki, hoolako dala. Free keia paakiki manawa i i hala - i ka makahiki 1952 o ka haku mele i hoʻokomo 'ia i ka haukapila me ka naau hoouka.

Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana Olga lilo i unofficial kakauolelo Pasternak - ka mea e lawelawe ai a pau o kona hana, hōʻike ana ma kona 'aoʻao a me ka Hoʻoponopono koʻokoʻo, komo i loko o kaʻAeʻia o kana mau hana. A hiki i ka pau ana o ka haku mele o ke ola, ka mea, ua i hookaawaleia.

nā makahiki

Aia mea i kanalua i ka mea i weheia a puni ka haku mele-kau i ka palu loa oopa ia i kona ola. Waiho wale aku no i ka naau hoouka i loko o ka makahiki 1952, kekahi i wale ikeia.

Ma ka pūnāwai, i ka hoʻomaka o Aperila 1960, Pasternak haule maʻi, mai ka nui maʻi. No kekahi noonoo wale ana a pau i ka maʻi 'aʻai ana i mua metastasized e e ka'ōpū. I kakahiaka May, ka haku mele maopopo i ka maʻi mea ona, a me ka ia i ole ola. May 30 Boris Pasternak make. keia manawa a pau i kona moe, he kana wahine, Zinaida, ka mea i ola mai kana kane o 6 makahiki, a make iho la o ka ia maʻi. I ka haku mele, a me kona ohana e kanuʻia i loko o ka pā ilina ma Peredelkino.

ʻike hoʻokumu kamahaʻo Lūkini haku mele, mea kākau a me ka unuhi Boris Pasternak ua iho aku lakou ilalo ma ka honua moʻokalaleo. Kona hiʻona me he haku mele - he nani loa expressive mika a me kupaianaha e nānā ai o poetry.