Cisco Routers: Ho'onohonoho, Nā Models. Nā lako pūnaewele

Ua lō'ihi'o Cisco i nā mea ho'okele a ma muli o ke kūlana lanakila o ka po'e ho'ohana. Ma ka mana'o'i'o a me ka'oia'i'o no nā makahiki he nui, e ho'oku'u ana lākou i ka huaka'i i nā'ano like'ole ma waena o nā'oko'a like'ole. Ua lilo ka hua'ōlelo "cisco" i kēia lā me ke'ano o nā mana'o e like me ka pono a me ka hilina'i. ka a pau hou no laila, ma luna o ka Cisco kumukuai ua mau mālama i loko o ka pono.

Nā'ano o Cisco mau kelepona a me nā ho'ololi

I kēia manawa, ho'ohana nui'ia nā'oko'a o nā kuhi Cisco a me nā mea papa. Aia i loko o ka pū'ulu kekahi mau hi'ohi'ona he nui i loko o kekahi mau'ano. Akā, hiki iā lākou a pau ke māhele i nā'āpana nui:

• 'O nā mea leka uila. Ho'olālā'ia lākou no ka mea li'ili'i li'ili'i a me ka li'ili'i.

• 'O nā pūnaewele me ISR -'o kēia mau ho'ololi'Elepona kekahi papa hana ma'alahi. Ma o ka ho'okomo'ana i nā noi like'ole, hiki iā'oe ke ho'onui loa i ko lākou hiki.

• Nā polokalamu'ē a'e. Hiki ke ho'onui'ia nā mea hiki i nā'ōhinu i ka ho'ohui'ana i nā'ano modules, no laila hiki iā'oe ke ho'ololi i ka ho'olālā pono. Hō'oia'ia e ki'i'ia e nā po'e li'ili'i a me nā'ano li'ili'i.

'O nā'ōnaehana a pau i hana'ia ma ka'ae'ana a me ka ho'oku'u'ana o nā pepa'ike ma ke kolu o ka OSI. Me ko lākou kōkua'ana, hiki iā'oe ke kūkulu i nā'enehana like'ole a me ka waiwai. E kōkua i nā pūnaewele hōhonu Cisco VPN i kēia mau mea: L2TP, DMVPN, IPsec, GRE a me PPTP. E paʻa ana i ka VPN ma ka Cisco mīkini ala hele e ae i ke hoʻouna iʻikepili ma ka hoʻopā'āluaʻia ponoi Kanal.

Hiki i nā'ōnaehana Cisco 2960 kekahi mau'ano like'ole, akā,'o nā'ano ma'amau o lākou:

• L2 pi'i;
• 'O ka helu o nā awa i kāko'o'ia he 8, 24 ai'ole 48;
• Kaha PoE, PoE +;
• Kāko'o no ka pale hiulu;
• Hiki ke'oko'a ka holopili o ke kahapili, e like me ke'ano o ka laina kelepona - 100 megabit a me ka 1 gigabit;
• Hiki ke loa'a ka paepae'ana i kekahi mau hi'ohi'ona, akā,'a'ole i loko o nā mea'ē a'e.

'O kahi hi'ohi'ona o Cisco Routers he mea ma'alahi lākou. 'A'ole kekahi mau hi'ohi'ona āpau i kā lākou laina e hiki ke lawelawe like i loko o kahi lumi no ke kūkulu'ana i kahi pūnaewele kaiaulu home, ai'ole ma kahi'oihana a i loko o kahi ke'ena. He kuleana nō kēlā me kēia laina no kekahi mea o kona pono pono'ī a he manawa i kekahi manawa kū'oko'a loa. No laila, i ka koho'ana i nā mea kikowaena mai Cisco, pono e helu'ia kēia helu:'o ka mea'oi aku'oi aku ka maika'i a'oi aku paha i'ole ke kālaiwaena i'ole kahi ho'onohonoho pono'ole o nā kāleka a me nā laina ma kahi ho'okahi a me kahi mea pono loa i kekahi.

Nā kuhikuhi no ka ho'onohonoho'ana i nā mea ho'ohana Cisco

Ho'oponopono pinepine'ia nā mea hana i kēia mau'ano:

1. E ho'onohonoho i nā'enehana hō'oko'a Wi-Fi. He pahū pālahalaha ka mea e'olu'olu iā'oe e ho'ololi i nā loli a pau a me nā kumukū'ai e pono ai i ka manawa hou hou'ana o ka pūnaewele.
2. Hana i ka ho'onohonoho'ana i nā pūnaewele'Ipona ma muli o Cisco. Hiki paha i kēia ke'ano o ka ho'onohonoho'ana i kahi pūnaewele kūloko, ma loko o kahi ke'ena a'oi aku paha, a'oi aku paha o ka honua āpau-e hui pū i nā pūnaewele kūwaho i ho'okahi manawa. Aia kekahi mau koho me ka hui'ana mai 350 mau mea i 30,000 me ka ho'ohuihui.
3. Cisco-Configuring Pākuhi me IPS. 'O kēia ho'olālā o ka pale pūnaewele ka mea ko'iko'i loa i ka hana ho'opau'ana, hiki'ole ke ho'oku'u'ia i kekahi hihia.
4. Ho'onohonoho i nā mea hana pūnaewele. Pono'ia e ho'ohana i ka polokalamu kūikawā mai Cisco. Mahalo i kēia,'a'ohe pilikia me ka launa pū'ana o nā pūnaewele a me nā mea kikowaena, a ke hiki i ka luna ke loa'a i kekahi manawa nā'ike e pili ana i ka hana o ka pūnaewele a ho'ololi i ka manawa i nā pilikia kūpono.
5. E hō'oia i ka Cisco VPN. 'O ia ke'ano o ka ho'ohui'ana o kekahi mau loina i loko o kahi ho'okahi, e like me nā mea i ho'oka'awale'ia e ka mamao i kahi mamao lō'ihi. Hiki paha iā ia ke ho'ohui i nā kikowaena o nā limahana i nā'oihana like'ole o ka hui.

Pehea e ho'ohui ai i kahi alalai i kahi kamepiula

'Oia'i'o, ho'omaka ka mea pūnaewele i ka ho'ohui'ana i ka computer. Ho'opili'ia ka alalai i ka PC me kahi kelepona kūikawā kūikawā. A laila, ho'omaka ka emulator emena. No ka mea pono e komo i nā kauoha a pau ma ka wā e hiki mai ana.

He nui nā mea huli a me nā mea loea e ho'ohana i ke kikowaena COM i kēia manawa e ho'ohui aku i ka kamepiula. Eia na'e,'a'ole nā loea o nā mea hou i kēia'ano. I kēia hihia, kōkua nā mea kūikawā kūikawā ma USB-COM. Ma muli o ka ho'onohonoho'ana, hiki iā lākou ke ho'olako'ia me nā mea pūnaewele, a'a'ole e ho'olako'ia. Akā,'oi aku ka maika'i o ke koho'ana i kahi ho'olālā e kāko'o nei i ke alahana pili USB.

'O ke awa kēia: 9600/8-N-1. Inā makemake'oe e ho'onui i ka mea ho'opuka me kahi ho'olālā ho'omaka ho'omaka, pono'oe e ho'opuka i ke kauoha: ho'ohana. Hana kēia i ka mode EXEC. No ka ho'omaka'ana mai kahi'ōpala, pēhi: holoi i ka ho'omaka-configuration. A e ho'ouka hou i nā mea hana me ke kauoha: e ho'iho'i. 'O ka nīnau o ka pūnaehana ho'olālā e pili ana i ke komo'ana i ka puka aniani, pono'oe e pane i ka mea'ole.

Eia na'e, hiki'ole ke hana'ia nā mea a pau loa inā'a'ole pono ka loa'a'ana o kahi'ōkuhi kūpono.

Nā'ikepili nui e pili ana i ka hō'ailona o nā kauoha le'ale'a ma nā mea leka uila a Cisco

No nā mea Cisco,'a'ole'o Windows i hā'awi aku i kahi o ka ho'ohana'oko'a o ke aniani puka'ike. Ua ho'okomo'ia nā kauoha a pau ma ka papahana console. A no laila he pono e pili i ka hahai'ana i nā rula:

• Inā ho'okomo'oe i kahi hō'ailona nīnau, e hō'ike'o Cisco i kahi papa inoa piha o nā kauoha a me nā mea ho'ohana;
• Pono ka inoa a i'ole ka hua'ōlelo e pono e ho'emi'ia i ka palena palena palena;
• Ho'opili'ia ka ho'oponopono'ana i ka laina kauoha i ka punaewele momona, e like me ia ma Linux a i'ole Unix pūnaewele;
• Inā ho'ololi ke mea ho'ololi i kona mana'o e pili ana i ka hana'ana i kēia a i'ole ia kauoha, hiki iā ia ke ku'i i kāna hana ma ke kākau'ana NO mai ka papa keyboard;
• No ka ho'ololi'ana i ke ki'eki'e o ka'ike mai ka 0 (ho'omaka) a 15 (luna), pono'oe e komo i ke kauoha: e hiki i ka Access-level_number.

Ho'ouka'ia SSH

Hiki ke ho'omaka'ia ke kau'ana o ka mea ho'okele me ka'oia'i'o e ho'olālā'ia ka SSH i nā mea a pau i ka pa'amau. Me ka SSH, hiki iā'oe ke ho'ouna i kekahi'ikepili mai kahi kamepiula mamao ma nā kikowaena i ho'opunipuni'ia. No ka ho'ā'ana iā SSH ma Cisco, pono'oe e:

• E ho'āla i kahi loli kūlana ki'eki'e me ke kauoha kuhikuhi.
• E ho'ākāka i ka manawa kūpono.
• No ka ho'omaka'ana i ka ho'onohonoho pono'ana i ka pūnaewele, pono'oe e ho'opuka i ke kauoha: ke koho pūnaewele ho'ohui.
• A laila pono'oe e wehewehe i ka inoa o ka inoa, a ua hana'ia kēia me ke kauoha: router (config) # ip domain name mydomain.ru.
• Ke hana'ia nei ke kī no ka ho'opunipuni e ke kauoha: router (config) # crypto key generate rsa.
• No ka ho'okumu'ana i kekahi mea ho'ohana hou, pono'oe i kahi kauoha ma ka punaewele: router (config) # inoa inoa inoa Mea ho'ohana mea ho'ohana 11 memo 7 my_passwd. Maanei no ka mea Cisco e pono e ho'onohonoho'ia me kahi mea ho'ohana o ka papa 11,'a'ole i loa'a no nā kauoha a pau loa. Akā hiki iā'oe ke hana i kahi mea ho'ohana piha loa, no kēia mea pono'oe e ho'omaopopo i ka pi'i'ana o ka'awelike'a'ole 11, akā he 15 ka lō'ihi.
• Ke ho'ohana nei i nā kauoha: router (config) # aaa hou-model path (config) # laina vty 0 4 ua ho'omaka'ia ka protocol aaa a ua hiki i ka ho'onohonoho'ana no nā laina laina. Ma kēia hihia, mai ka 0 a hiki i ka 4.
• Ke ho'ohana nei i nā kauoha: router (line line-up) # kāka'ina kāleka ssh pāpālua (laina laina) # ho'onoho'ia kahi kikowaena i SSH ma ke'ano pa'amau.
• Ho'oholo wale ia e puka i nā'ano a pau, a laila e mālama i nā loli. Ho'opiha'ia kēia ma ka ho'ohana'ana i nā papahana hou: router (line line-up) #exit router (config) # outit make-up.

Pehea e ho'onohonoho ai i nā pakuhi Cisco

No ka ho'okomo i ke ka'ina ho'onohonoho no nā pūnaewele honua no nā ports ma Cisco, pono'oe e kākau i kēia kauoha:

Hō'oia t

Ke kuhi helu fa0 / 2.

Hiki iā'oe ke ho'onohonoho i nā pakuhi Cisco e hiki mai nei:

• 'O ka Pīpuka Access. E puka pololei ana kēia kikowaena i ka mea kelepona - modem, router a i'ole ka PC kūpono, kahi e hiki ai ke ka'apili'ole i hō'ike'ia. Inā'oe ke kelepona i ke kelepona i ke alapili, hiki ke halihali'ia ke kikowaena i ke ala o ke ala, a ho'omaka nā ka'ina hana e holo i loko o ka pahu 1. Akā, inā'oe e ho'oili i ke kaha komo kelepona 310, e hele ka'ike i ka vlan 310.
• Kelepona pahu. Ke ho'ohana'ia kēia kahawai e ho'ohana'ia inā he polokalamu kelepona ma ka hopena'ē a'e - Ke ho'ololi i ka Ethernet, nā ki'ikikoki, a pēlā aku. Pono'oe e ho'opa'a inoa ma ka papahana: ke kālai'āina modport - e hana i ka model 2950. Akā ma 2960 ua ho'okomo'ia kēia kauoha i kahi'ano'ē a'e:

'O ke kumu kālai'āina kālepa

'O ke encapsulation ma kahi o ke kahuanui c1.

Inā makemake'oe e ho'ohana wale i kekahi pila wale, a laila ma kahi ho'oluhi āu e pono ai e komo: switchport trunk alky vlan 310, 555 -'o ia ho'i, e ho'oka'awale nā komia i nā helu pila;

• 'O ke kahawai'oi. No nā'anu'u Cisco,'a'ole e hana'ia ka ho'onohonoho'ana me ka helu kūpili, akā, hiki iā'oe ke ho'onoho i ke awa e like me ke'ano o ka pahu kūpili inā ho'oili'oe i kāu keiki pono'ī i ke kikowaena pahu. Hiki iā'oe ke'ike i kēia i loko o ka hō'ailona o nā kauoha i loko o ka pāhapala:

'O ke kumu kālai'āina kelepona (hana i kahi pahu pahu)

'O ke kāpili kelepona aldy vlan 310,555 ('o ia mau ports e like me ka vlan 310 a me 555 ho'ohana'ia)

'O ke kahula o ke kāpena kelepona vlan 310 (ua ho'oili'ia nā ka'a a pau'ole i ka vlan 310, a'o ke koena - i 555).

Ua no'ono'o'ia ka hana o ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka hō'ailona ma ke'ano o ke kā'ei Cisco 2960 - kekahi o nā mea ma'amau i kēia mau lā. Eia na'e, no nā polokalamu hana'ē a'e, e like nā hana.

Ho'ohoho i nā ho'onohonoho

Ma hope o ka ho'onā'ana o nā ho'onohonoho hou, ua pau ka'ōnaehana ho'onohonoho, pono e hana hou'ia ka ho'oponopono maika'i'ana, a no laila ua no'ono'o'ia ke kūkulu'ana he'ano kūpono.

'A'ole hiki'ole ke ho'okō. No ka hana'ana i kēia, e ho'ohui i ke kaula kelepona i ka papa ho'onani a komo i ke kauoha i loko o ka ho'onanea ho'oponopono: Router # holoi i ka ho'omaka-configuration. A laila: E ho'iho'i. Ho'opa'i ke alapili, ma hope o ka hou hou'ana o ka'ōpala ke ma'a loa.

Pono'oe e'ike i ka hō'ikelike'ole'ia o ka hō'ano hou'ana i nā pūnaewele Cisco. Eia na'e, no ho'okahi kumu a i'ole kekahi, pono e hana'ia. Eia kekahi, mai ho'opoina, ma hope o ka ho'ouka hou'ana i nā ho'onohonoho, e ho'iho'i i ke kumukū'ai o ka reka me ka kauoha: ke kaha inoa hō'oia 0x2102.

Pehea e mālama ai i ka ho'onohonoho

No nā mea'oko'a pūnaewele, e like me Cisco,'a'ole nā mea a pau. Pono pono e hiki ke ho'opakele i nā mea i kūkulu'ia,'o ia ho'i, e mālama i nā loli.

Ma Cisco alakomi,'elua mau'ano o ka mālama'ana:

• I ka RAM;
• I ka nonvolatile, ho'omaka ho'omana'o.

'O ke'ano mua e kākau i nā ho'ololi a pau i hana'ia ma ke ala, akā i ka wā e ho'omaka hou'ia ai nā mea hana, ua nalowale lākou, a'o ka hopena me nā mea mai ka ho'omana'o ho'omaka. Eia na'e, ua ho'olālā'ia nā mea Cisco i mea e hiki'ole ai ke ho'ololi i nā loli i ka ho'onohonoho mua. No ka mālama'ana i nā ho'ololi a pau i ka ho'omana'o ma'amau, pono'oe e hana i kēia mau mea:

1. E kope i nā kuhi o kēia manawa i nā kauoha ho'omaka: #copy running-config startup-config.
2. E kāomi i nā kikowaena i ka pūnaewele FTP me ke kauoha: #copy running-config tftp: // server_name.

Nā polokalamu'ekolu no ka ho'onohonoho Cisco

No nā'enehana Cisco, hiki ke ma'alahi a ma'alahi ho'i ke ho'ohana'ana inā ho'ohana'oe i nā polokalamu kūikawā no kēia hana. Eia na'e, he mea nui kēia o ka'ono: ua ulu pa'a nā hard-core sysadmins i ko lākou'olu'olu loea, a'a'ohe ikaika i ke'ano e haehae ai iā lākou.

Hiki ke hā'awi'ia aku i nā mea i koe,'o ka mea i ho'omaka mua, i kahi mau polokalamu e hiki ke ho'oikaika i ka hana o ka ho'onohonoho'ana i nā mea ho'ohana Cisco:

1. 'O ka mea mua, he polokalamu mākaukau Windows ia i kēia manawa -'o ka Hyper Terminal program. Eia na'e, i nā mana hou loa o Windows,'a'ole i ho'olako'ia e like me ke'ano ma'amau. No ka ho'ouka'ana i Hyper Terminal, pono'oe e koho "E ho'okomo i nā pūnaewele Windows", a laila e huli i ka "Standard and Service Applications" a kaomi i ka pākuhi "Composition". A laila, pono'oe e'ike i ka mea "Link" a laila e kaomi hou i ka "Composition" a kau i ka papahana Hyper Terminal.
2. 'O Putty kahi polokalamu freeware no Windows a me Linux, he mea emulator maika'i loa. Ua'oi aku ka maika'i o nā luna ho'omalu pūnaewele.
3. 'O ka Polokalamu Polokapu'o Cisco he polokalamu'oihana no ka ho'onohonoho'ana a me ka ho'ohui'ana i nā pūnaewele Cisco, a he mau mea ko'iko'i kona'ano. No laila, ua piha 100% ka launa pū me nā mea ho'ohana Cisco. 'O ka mea mua, ua ho'onohonoho'ia ka Polohana Ho'ohui Pūnaewele Cisco ma ke'ano he kikowaena i'āpono'ia no kahi mea ho'ohana novice, pono iā ia e kūkulu i kahi pūnaewele li'ili'i i loko o kahi'ano li'ili'i a'oihana paha.
4. He polokalamu maika'i - he like like o Putty - ma ka Linux OS e hiki iā'oe ke heluhelu i ka pūnaewele Minicom.

Ke kikowaena ho'onohonoho'ikepili

'O ka'oia'i'o,'o ka hā'awi'ana i nā kauoha mai ka pahu he mea e hana'ole ai kēlā me kēia mea ho'ohana. A'o nā polokalamu'ē a'e'ekolu e pono ke ho'ouka'ia, i kekahi manawa'ole no ka mea noa. Akā, hiki ke hiki i ka kiki kikowaena i loko o ka pūnaewele pūnaewele. No ka hana'ana i kēia, pono mua e ho'okomo i kahi loiloi Java kūikawā, kahi hiki iā'oe ke ho'oiho mai ka pūnaewele Java pa'a. Kapa'ia kēia module'o Jre. Eia hou, pono'oe i kahi noi SDM - hiki ke ho'okomo'ia ma ka pūnaewele pono'ī a ma ka pūnaehana hana.

A laila, pono'oe e ho'onoho i nā'ae i loko o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele no ka hō'ike'ana i nā pop-ups a ho'omaka i ka'ike'oihana.

I ka ho'omaka'ana o ka SDM, e pono'oe e kāpae i ka IP i koho'ia no ka vlan1. Pono'ia'oe e wehe i ka pahu kiko ma kahi kokoke i ka helu HTTPS.

Ma hope o ke kaomi'ana i ka pihi pālahalaha, e hō'ike'ia kahi pahu diaka i kahi e noi'ia ai'oe e komo i ka string login-password. Inā ua pololei nā mea a pau - ka puka hana o ka SDM program, i ho'okahua'ia ma ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele, e'ike'ia.

Ke kuhikuhi nei i ka laina laina Linksys

Inā loa'a i kahi mea ho'ohana i ke alaka'i mai ka laina laina Linksys, laila ua ho'ololi'ia ka hana o ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka ho'olālā graphic i nā manawa. Ma hope o ka ho'ohui'ana, e lawa ia ke komo i ka paena helu o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele: 192.168.1.1. A ma hope o kēlā, e ho'ouka'ia ka pukapihi ho'onohonoho i ke'ano ki'i.

No ka ho'omaka, pono'oe e ho'ololi koke i ka hua'ōlelo a me ka login, i hā'awi'ia e like me: admin - admin. Hana'ia kēia ma hope o ka hele'ana i ka Administration tab. I loko o ka pēke like, hiki iā'oe ke hana i nā koina kāko'o mālama.

A laila, e hele i ka Wireless - Basic Setup Setup, ma kēia'ao'ao, e ho'onoho i nā ho'onohonoho i ka manual (Manual). Ma ke'ano he kī malū, ho'ohana mau'ia ka helu serial o ka mea ho'ohana pono'ī.

Ho'oholo wale ia e koho i ka'ano o ka pūnaewele i ho'ohana'ia a e ho'oka'awale i nā pa'alina kūlike i nā wae a ka mea e ho'opuka nei.

Ka mana'o palekana kupu palekana

Ma ka hopena, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i na mea he nui'ōnaehana hoʻomalu mai i pili i ka mahuka ana o kou kamaʻilio a me ka mahalo. A me ia mea i loko o makehewa, no ka mea, ina kaupalena 'ia hoʻokahi wale nō aiao "password" ka wā e pili ana i ka'ōlelo huna, a laila ka mea, hiki e ana "merge" o ka snmp a me ka Zebulona, i ka maluhia o ka holoʻokoʻa nenoaiu. A nolaila e waiho no ka hoohana ia ana me na pomaikai use aiao «malu». Ka wahi o ia, inā mākou e hoʻohana i ka aiao «password», ke'ōlelo huna e waiho waho ma ka ike i loko o ka config waihona, a ina o ka waiwai aiao «malu», ke'ōlelo huna e e hoʻopā'āluaʻia.

Ma ka hope hihia, ke kauoha e waiho aku i ka password encryption e nana oukou i kekahi mea e like me ka kēia: mīkini ala hele (config) #enable huna kekahi , kahi e hele aku ua hoakaka password. Kēia nā pūʻulu ka password no ka mea, ua kīkoʻo akula pololei pomaikai.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana ho ka Cisco ipu, tuning lako e pono ai ke oko a, akā, ma ka mau, ke kiʻi nana e like me ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna.