Cruiser Adimarala Hipper (1937-1945): ka mōʻaukala o ka honua nei a me ke ola. German Moku

German moku "Adimarala Hipper" i kekahi o ka maikai cruisers kaumaha o ka Kriegsmarine manawa o ke Kaua II. He i kuleana i loko o ka hopu ana o Norewai, lawelawe 'ia i ka moʻo o kaua i loko o ka' Akelanika, a me kona mau hope kaua i anu Barents Sea. Ka hope kekahi, a me ka hapalua makahiki o kona ola ana cruiser koe i ka awa ma ke kahu you.

mea i manao ai

Ma pepa, i ka cruiser Adimarala Hipper ikea i ka makahiki 1934. Ka mea, ua laila, ma ka mokukaua ke keʻena luna i ua kālaiʻia i ke kumu o koi no ka hou moku. Mua, mai ka moku e kali ana me ka ewaewa ole i ka hana 'ana i ka' ōlelo Palani a me ka Pelekāne mau hoa paio me. Ka lua, i loko o ka Kelemānia Moku i makemake ai i ka moku e hiki ke hele koke mai ke alualu mai o kaʻenemi battleships "Dunkirk" a me ka "Strasbourg". Kēia wahi ua mea nui -ʻikepili kŘkohu olelo hoopomaikai e ia i ka pahu kapu weliweli aiia lawa holo cruisers. Eia hoi, ke kolu, ka hou huina hoonui i ke ano o ia mau lunakoa ana ma oceanic a me ka moana a puni.

Cruiser Adimarala Hipper no i ka eponymousʻano o ka mea kaumaha cruisers. Ua Ua? Oaony e kūkulu elima mau moku. E like me ka hopena, koe wale no "Hipper" ikea "wahi Oygen" a me ka "Blücher". i ole i ka mea'ē aʻe mau moku "Lützow" a me ka "Seydlitz" manawa no ka hoʻopauʻana. Kaumaha cruiser "Adimarala Hipper" Ua kapaʻia ma hope o Manuela av Hipper, ka mea i kauoha mai i ka poe o Kelemānia moku i loko o ke kaua o Dogger Bank a me Jutland.

? ieoaeunoai

Bookmark "Adimarala Hipper" hoomaka July 6, makahiki 1935 ma ka shipyard i loko o Hamburg. Ua lilo i mea hiki ma hope o ka denunciation o ke kuikahi o Versailles, i ka manawa i ka palena no ka poe kaua Kelemānia a me ka moku. Hitler i hoomakaukau ana no ka hoopai a me ka naʻauao provocatively, oiai o ka lanakila aina o ke Kaua Honua au i nānā i ka mea, ma koʻu mau manamana lima. I mea e somehow ho'ōla maka Pelekāne ke aupuni e manao nei i ka hookaawale berita ma lalo i i loaa ai ka German Moku i ka pono, e hoʻomāhuahua konaʻoihana moku koa mai ka 35% o ka Beritania. Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā,ʻo kēia kanaka Kelemānia i i noonoo i ka manao o ka wā e hiki mai ia nei hoa paio, a hoomaka ae la i kokololio uuku ae la e hoomakaukau ai no ka mea mai ana mai ka hookahe koko.

Iloko o ka hapa mua o ka makahiki ka mea, ua pau ka wahie i kūkulu moku. Pepeluali 6, 1937 na kaumaha cruiser i loko o ka wai. Ma ka hana pili i ka hana kuʻuna omole o Kamapane he paki i ka wahine a Adimarala Raeder, ka mea i kauoha mai i ka'auwaʻa. Iloko o ka First World War ia i malamaia ma ka ke keʻena luna o av Hipper, oiai paneʻe o ka hou moku haawi mai i ka hālāwai olelo.

Aie i ka kokololio militarization o Germany hoʻokūkū me kekahi i kekahi koa na lala kauoha a pau hou mau mea, a me ka lako a hana. Nolaila, o ka ae o ka "Adimarala Hipper" mauʻula a. "Wahi Oygen" a hiki hou i kūkulu ai. Ma ka holo akuʻana i no keia moku i hele e Hitler a me ke kūlana o nā kuhina o Hungary Miklosh Horti. I ka wahi o kona kūkulu hoomaka ma Kiel, a i hope unuhi a "hipper". Hopeʻikeʻia cruiser "Blucher" i loko o kā lākou 'ano o ka mea kaumaha cruisers.

Ka hoʻomaka 'o ka hana

German cruiser «Adimarala Hipper» i hoʻolimalima April 29, 1939. He hiki wale i ka manawa - e hele Mahele World War. Ka mua mau mahina o kona hana i ka moku ma ka hoao ana e hookolokolo ai i loko o Kiel paa. March 20, 1940 i ka poʻe i kauoha e hoouna aku i kekahi moku no Cuxhaven. "Adimarala Hipper", like hoʻi me aneane pau loa na lala pono o ka Kriegsmarine, i manao iho e lawe 'ana i loko o ke kaua ana o Norewai, a ua lilo kekahi hapa o ka hana "Vezenbyurg" (' ole "aʻo ma ka Weser").

Cruiser alakai i ka lua o ka pūʻulu, ma ka manao o ka mea i ka hopu ana o nui ka awa o Trondheim. He Ua hui e luku "Jacobi", "Riedel", "Ekoldt" a me ka "Heinemann". Ma luna o ka "Hipper" he signalers, Luftwaffe ke keʻena luna pae a me ka hapa o ka 83rd battalion, a me ka 138th Regiment o ka mauna. Ka mea, i ka lawe mālama ana i ka Norewai Hawaiian iuo aaoa?.

Ke squadron haʻalele Cuxhaven April 6 i deteriorating nana ana. Ma ke ala āna i komo he uukuʻehu me na koa Beritania. Ano, i ka Pelekāne, ua ike o ka neʻeʻana o nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia, nae ka mea i koe i ka lōʻihi manawa hiki i maopopo i ka manao oiaio a me ka laulā o ka hana.

"Aʻo ma ka Weser"

April 8, 1940 ma ke ala a hiki i Norway cruiser "Adimarala Hipper" hele aku la mai ka mua papa, a hele aku la i ka hoʻopakele luku "Bernd av Arnim." Keia moku collided me ka Pelekāne moku "Glouvorm" o ka ia papa. I ka luna o ka "Hipper" Helmut Heye hooukaia mai kaʻenemi moku 'Aʻole nō naʻe i kaʻenemi ka uahi pale a me torpedoes. Iloko o ka mea a pau kaua, "Glouvorm" hookahi pepehi ma kekahi German cruiser, hitting i konaʻaoʻao'ākau ma kahi o ka breakwater. Ka mea, ua nīnūnē poino, akā, i ka mea i anai ai o Beritania mea e hoopuni pakele, a ihola. Eia hoi "Glouvorm" uku no ka "hipper" ramming hoouka, i ka hopena o ka i ua ia e hana hou ia ekolu pule.

Ma ka po o Aperila 9, ka Kelemānia cruiser heleuma i loko o nā alanui Tronhyema. Ke ho'āʻo nei e ko oukou pale ana i ka Norwegians ua loa uku: i ka na pu ki aloha ma luna o ka mokuna kī mau pana pua aku makou, ma hope i ka enemi ia i ke kaua me ka Kelemānia squadron. pūʻulu hana i hana. Ka cruiser "Adimarala Hipper" hele aku hoʻi i Kelemania, no ka hoʻoponopono 'ana.

"Juno"

Ma May, hoonoho iho la ma ka mea o ka moku ua ma Kiel, ma ka pilina i hanaia, i ua e kōkua 'ē aʻe Kelemānia moku apo la ma Norway ku pono ana i ka blockade o Beritania. Ke forthcoming hana ua kapaia "Juno." Ma waho aʻeo ia ka "Hipper" ka mea i hele ma ka battleships "Gneisenau" a me ka "Scharnhorst" a me ka poʻe luku aku "Lodi", "Galster", "Shemann" a me "Shtaynbrik.

Ma ke ala a hiki i Norway halawai mai la me ka Pelekania cruiser 530-tona trawler "lāʻau iunipera". A uuku waapa i hele mai ma lalo o ke ahi 105-mm o Kelemānia Anati-mokulele pū. Koke oia trawler ka lń a ihola. I ka Ia manawa hana loa "Shemann" Pohō lākou i kaʻoihana moku tanker "Oil paionia."

Ma "Orama" I ia ahiahi, June 6, "Adimarala Hipper" i kukuluia i ka 1937 intercept he Pelekāne, koa amo. Ka moku hoi aku la i kona'āina o Norewai a me ka pomaikai ana o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia ua kaawale (koe wale no ka mea maoli kauoha). Kekahi mau volleys o pahū lele i hana lākou hana: "Orama" Pohō lohi i ka lalo o ke kai. Ua kaʻikaʻiʻia nā Beritania ma luna o ka moku Kelemānia.

June 8, Ua kauoha cruiser, a kokoke luku ia e hoouna aku ai i Trondheim. No keia kumu, "Adimarala Hopper" hiki ole lawe i loko o ka make ana o ka mokulele lawe "kaena" hapa. I kekahi mau lā o ka moku hoolilo ia ma na alanui o Trondheim. A laila, ma ke ahiahi ma June 20, "Hopper" hele aku la i ke kokua ana o ka poino torpedo "Scharnhorst". Cruiser i ke kula, a me ka "Gneisenau" a me ka "Galsterom". I ka hele ana ua pōkole. I ke aumoe, "Gneisenau" Ua torpedoed ma ka Beritania mokuluu "Clyde". Battleship i ka hailona o ka wai, a ua loaʻa iā ia i ka paukū e hoʻi i Trondheim, a me ka hooko ana i kona huakaʻi. No ka mea, o ke poho i ke alakai moku elua "Adimarala Hipper" Ua lilo ka nui kaua pa alima o ka Apana Reich i ka 'Ākau Norewai wai.

'Akelanika' kaua

Kekahi kaulana cruisers World War II i lōʻihi ua hoʻohana wale ma uka o wai. Pela no ka mea, ua "Adimarala Hepper." Wale November 30, 1940,ʻo ia hope i kona lōʻihi-kakali i loko o ka moana trek. Mid-Akelanika ma ka latitu o Brest-Hawaii teemed me Beritania convoys. Ma keia ciia, intersected amo? Ooia, a kaʻi aku i ke kaʻakālai koa a me ka wahie,. Na wale noa moku, hiki e hoouka aku convoys i ia manawa ka mea, ua "Adimarala Hipper". Other kaulana cruisers World War II i noho. E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o kēia mau ana, e mākou e walaʻau ma ka akau kai, ka moku, hoomaka ae la kona "hana Nordzeetur".

December 25, "hipper" loaʻa ka convoy i uhi cruiser "Barwick" a me kekahi mau huahelu o ka malamalama cruisers. German moku pepehi i ka hui, akā, no ka loaʻa i ka hoʻoweliweli 'nui o ka make, hoi aku la lakou. Ma ka hauʻoli coincidence ka luina kauoha aku e hoola ia i kona moku, mai hiki poino.

E hana me ka ineffective halawai me ka ukali, me ka hou Kapena Meisel ua hoʻoholo e hoʻi iʻEulopa. Na luina i maluhiluhi o ka hakakā dute ma i hoʻohalahala climatic a me ka nana ana. Akā, ma hope o ka lā ma ke ala hoʻi i Farani hoopio "hipper" hope laki. Moku pepehi kālepa steamship "Yamuna". Ke pale ku barrage pū, huiʻia nā torpedoes. Ka moku Poho koke, akā, Maisel makau i ka Pelekania e hoʻokele e lawe i ka popilikia neaiaea kahi kokoke i ka convoy. Inā ka mea, ua loaa "Hipper", makemake i hookahi manawa hou laila na Kelemania e kaua i kaiʻewaʻewa kaua. Nolaila, pau me "Yamuna", ka luna i ka mea e hele aku i Farani. Kekahi pū'ā, Maisel i i hoala mai i ka papa ua bapetizo i loko o ka moana o Englishmen. E like me ka hopena, a pau 111 kanaka ma luna o "Yamuna", make iho la. December 27, "Adimarala Hipper" heleuma ma ka pae ma Brest.

Azores kaua

Ma hope o 'Akelanika holo "hipper" ma ka pono o ka hoomaemae. ? Aiiio i like i ka mahina, a me ka ua 1 February 1941 ka cruiser hou, hele akula i loko o ka moana wai. 11 helu, oiai i mamao mai ka Azores, ka Kelemānia moku papani iho la i ke aoʻana pana mokuahi "Aysland". Once ka moku ua Kelemānia, a ua kapaia "Dahlia." Ano ka mea, no ia Pelekāne Nui. "Hipper" Poho ma hope o kona convoy mōhai.

Mai luina i lawe mai ai ma luna o ka moku "Ayslanda" Maisel aʻo e pili ana i ka bulge o ka honua, kokoke i ka pono nö hoʻi pūʻulu o na moku. Ua ua he convoy, i hele mai Manama (Sierra Leone). Ua oia mai o ka poe a pau 19 moku pili ana iʻEnelani, Norway a me Greece. Ua nui kona pomaikai ma ua i ka mea i ka convoy ua loa devoid o ka maluhia ukali. February 12, "Adimarala Hipper" me kekahi nā pilikia Poho 7 moku. 3 hou i seriouslyʻino wale.

Ua loaʻa ka loa kilakila pomaikai no kā lākou mau hana, "Adimarala Hipper" hoʻi i Brest. Ma March 1941 hoʻoneʻe aku la ia i ke kulanakauhale o Kiel, kahi āna i hoʻohala ai i ka hoʻokahi makahiki. Iloko o keia manawa i ka moku hōʻano hou a ua uhi ia me ka hou camouflage. Ma March 1942, ua hōʻea akula i loko o Trondheim. Battlestar manao hope'ākau kai eʻe.

"Regenborgen"

Ma ka hoomaopopo ana i 'ano o nā mea kaumaha cruisers "Adimarala Hipper" i, e hana interception Arctic convoys, ka Kelemānia kauoha o ka'auwaʻa i papani ai hoi ma ka wae ana o ka poo pae ana o ka moku. Me ke komoʻana o ka USSR i loko o ke kaua like hana ua lilo loa nui. Artic convoys hele aku la i ka Soviet Union, mai ka US, a me ka UK. Me ke kōkua o ia lawe pio i ka haawi lilo ole-Pili polokalamu. E like me ka Hawaiian Sea ala i loko o ka USSR a pau loa, e pono e hana me ka poe koa o ka Apana Reich kaua lako.

Ka hana e intercept i ka aʻe convoy i kapaia "Regenborgen" ( "Rainbow"). Kauoha aku oe i ka mea, i ka he Alihikaua Nui la o ka Kriegsmarine Adimarala Raeder. Together me ka "hipper" i komo i loko o ke kaua'ē aʻe kaumaha cruiser "Lutzow", a me eono i pepehi. Ka poe hele aku i ke kai December 30, 1942. Ka mea, ua ka Polar po. Ma muli o ka ino, i uhiʻia i nā moku i ka pńpa o ka hau, pale aku i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka' ōlelo manaʻo a me na mea paahana.

"New Year ka kaua"

Ma ke kakahiaka o December 31 ka convoy i kekahi malihini i pepehi. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia he laki: ka Pelekania hoʻoholo i ka mea, holo i loko o ka Soviet patrol. No ka mea, o keia hewa, ke ahi, hamama moku o ka Apana Reich, ua no ka convoy like me ka piha kahaha ko oukou naau. Aka hoi, o ka Beritania koke? Ee i kona kuhihewa. Ko lakou mau moku i kukulu hou ia ma ka mea o ke kaua, a ao no ia i ke kahua kaua smokescreen.

Ma hope o ka hapalua o ka hola ma hope o ka hookui, ka luna o ka convoy Robert Sherbrooke aʻo weliweliʻano "Adimarala Hipper". Ka mua AIM e koho ae cruiser i anai ai "Ekeytes", a nona i weheia ke ahi. No ka mea, o ka malie a me ka dymzavesy Kelemānia gunner Oni e Hoʻokolo iho i kaʻenemi moku. Eia naʻe, ma ka 13 hora, "Ekeytes" poho iho la lakou, a lalau aku la ia i kona 80 luina i hele mai i ka hoʻopakeleʻana, e kōkua i ka trawler.

hele aku la na mea a pau e like me ka manao, i ka Kriegsmarine, akā, i ka hewa manawa no na kēia kanaka Kelemānia kokeʻikeʻia ma luna o ka moana lipolipo o ka Pelekania cruiser "Sefila" a me ka "Jamaica". Ka mea, uhi "Adimarala Hipper" make ke ahi. Kelemānia i pepehi ia i hele mai no ko lakou hale, ka mea, kokoke nui a kokoke ia ia, a loaa i ka ona e LIKE. Manawa, kekahi cruiser "Lutzow" hele aku la i ka alualu o ka convoy. Ke kāpenaʻike ihola i kona kuhihewa, akā, ka mea, ua Hawaiʻi moku: alaila, haawi mai i ka mea e hele ana i ka awa. Pana mai ka "Adimarala Hipper", ka convoy hoʻomau kona hele ana a hiki i ka Soviet Murmansk. Ke ole o ka hana alakaʻi i ka resignation Eriha Redera, mai ka lāʻau kū o ke Aliʻi o ka Kelemānia Moana.

ke hookoe

Ua hoopili i poino ma ka Barents Sea cruiser «Adimarala Hipper» ukali no ka hoʻoponopono 'ana, ma hope i kona i helu ia ma ke koena, a papani iho la i loko o Gotenhafene. Kekahi mau manawa, Nākulukulu nō ma ka aneane polutoratysyachny hui. Ma March makahiki 1944, i ukali ia e ka mea e hoomakaukau ai i ka moku no ka wā e hiki mai ana. Naʻe, ka mea, he mea hiki ole i ka hana i loko o ka manawa. Aole hoi i lawa māhele a me ka poʻe mau ālai ia 'aʻe me ka ha awina o ka Union, a me ka Soviet Air Max. Ieoaeunoai lumi №3, ua wela i loko o "New Year ka kaua", a i ole hookomo ma ka mea. Once he nui kaua mīkini ua manawa ukele a hiki no patrolling na kapakai.

I hele mai 1945. January 1st'auwaʻa'ōnaehana kauoha tidy "Adimarala Hipper" a me kona māhoe "wahi Oygen" no na malama ekolu. Ia manawa, ma ke awa o holo mai Soviet hao wale. No ka mea, o keia, ma kahi o ka hoʻoponopono 'ana i ka hana me ka piʻoloke. January 29, "hipper" haʻalele Gotenhafen, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea a pau āna i hana wale kekahi mīkini peahi uila. Ma ka "chrome" ma ka hou ana i ka moku i kona hui hoomoana iho la ka hapa tausani evacuees. Soon, ke cruiser ua i loko o ka wahi, kahi a 30 o ka Soviet mokuluu "S-13" Ua piholo ka ohua liner "Vilgelm Gustlov". Captain Hans Henigst no ka mea, o ka congestion moku aku hala na lifeboats a me liferafts, i froze e hina ma ke kui kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

Pepeluali 2, "Adimarala Hipper" i hiki ai ma ke kulanakauhale o Kiel. Ka loa kekahi lā, ua hooukaia mai e Pelekāne mokulele i ka awa. Iloko o ke kaua i ka moku, loaa ae nei i kekahi mau hou ka hili. A ke ahi wawahi mai, a puhi cruiser noho ma ka lalo o kou pae. Ma hope iho o kēia Episode, ka Moana i papani ai hoi i ka hoao ana futile e renovate i ka mua Moku haaheo. Ma hope iho o ka hoihoi o ka Apana Reich ma May 1945, "Adimarala Hipper" Ua dismantled i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.