Hussite ana: na kumu, i komo, nā hualoaʻa, cia

Czech Hussite ana i waho i loko o ka kakahiaka XV kenekulia. Kona mau lala i makemake e mihi i ka ekalesia Karistiano. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ulu no ka loli i ka Czech theologian Yan Gus, nona ka lono kaumaha naue like i alakai i ke kipi, a kaua-lōʻihi mau makahiki.

Ke ao ana o Yana Gusa

Yan Gus Ua hanau ia ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka Lepupalika Czech i ka 1369. Puka 'o ia a lilo i Kumu ma ke Kulanui o Palaka. He hoi, i loaa i kaʻoihana kahuna, a lilo i ka rector o ka Betelehema Chapel ma Palaka. Yan Gus koke lilo i kaulana hai i waena o kona mau hoa maka'āinana. Kēia i aie i ka mea i hele mai ma ka hui 'ana me kanaka ma ka' ōlelo Czech, oiai ka holoʻokoʻa Roma Hui Church hoʻohana he Roma, a i ole i ka poe noonoo ole nā paʻi hua.

Hussite neʻeʻana i hana a puni ia mau theses, i kipaku Yan Gus, arguing me ka papal noho alii i befits he Christian kahuna. Czech reformer manao i hiki ole ke kūʻai lilo no ka dala maoli kulana a me indulgences. Kekahi controversial hoakaka mea nana e hai i kona manaʻo i ka Ekalesia mea ole infallible a me ka pono e nema aku ana, ma ka hihia o ka i hūnāʻia mā loko ia. I ia mau lā ka mea, ua hoakaka lea mai olelo, no ka mea, i ole Karistiano ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana me ka Pope a me ka poʻe kāhuna. Na kanaka i 'akomi' ike like heretics.

Aka, Gus ana paha käpae 'hoopai i ke aloha i kona hiʻona i waena o na kanaka. Church reformer ua no hoi he mea aʻo. He hāpai i ka hoololi ana i ka'ōlelo Hawaiʻi Czech i mea e kōkua i ke kaʻina hana o kaʻike heluhelu ana o kanaka.

I ka make ana o Huss

I ka 1414 Yan Gus i kiiia ai i ka 'Aha o Paula, i i paʻa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia ma na kapakai o Lake Paula. Formally, ke AIM o keia hui ua, e kūkākūkā i ka ulia i loko o ka Ekalesia Hui, ma a ua he Western Schism. No ka aneane kanaha makahiki, ua pono mau E Pāpā. Kekahi i loko o Roma, me ka 'ē aʻe - i loko o Farani. Ka hapalua o ka'āina kākoʻo i ka Hui kekahi, a me ka kekahi hapa - ka lua.

At Gus I ua i ke kue i ka Ekalesia, ho'āʻo ana e kaʻawale aku ia ia, mai ka poʻe hipa, i papaia hana, akā, mahalo i ka uwao ana o Czech hanohano naita ma kahuna hoʻomau i kona sermon. E hele ana ia Paula, ua koi ikaika hoʻohiki i ka mea e ole hoopa aku. Na olelo hoopomaikai i i. Akā, i ka wā Gus i loko o ka Hale Pule Nui,ʻo ia i hopu.

Ka Pope wehewehe ia ma ka mea ana i kona kino i i haawi aku i kekahi mea i oleloia (a ua haawi aku ia wale nō ka Auguseto Sigismund). By Gus koi ana ia e haʻalele i kona mau manao. He hoole. Iā ia i paʻa i loko o kahi paa, ka Czech hanohano hoouna dispatches i Kelemania, a koi aku o kona aupuni meʻe. Mau paipai ana i ua ole ai. July 6, 1415 Yan Gus i ke ahi me ka heretic. Kēia i ke kumu nui no ke outbreak o ke kaua i loko o ka Lepupalika Czech.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka uprising i loko o ka Lepupalika Czech

Reformation Hussite ana maluna o ka aina. Gentry (gentry), i ka poʻe i noho ma o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā naita i ole makemake i ka ikaika o ka Ekalesia Hui ma kā lākou mau aupuni ano pono'ī. Noho iho la na oko ma ka hoʻokô 'ana o kekahi mau Kristiano oihana.

ka hooko ana o Hus pahu hopu Hussite ana ma hope o hope i waho: e hoomaemae iho i ka Czech Repubalika mai Kakolika a me kēia kanaka Kelemānia. No kekahi manawa ka mea e kue ana apo ka kūloko külana. Naʻe, i ka Pope,ʻaʻole ia e outdone heretics, hai mai la i ka crusade ma Moravia. Oia koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe i ka kūmau i ka manawa. First Crusades Ua hoʻonohonoho e recapture na Nā Poʻe Isalama o Palesetina, a hoomalu aku ia ia. I ka wā o ka Middle Hikina i nalowale i ka poʻeʻEulopa, huli ekalesia maka i nā wahi ma kahi he mauʻano hana heretics a me ka aina e. Ka loaʻana i ke kai eʻe ma ka Baltic States, kahi o ka elua i kukulu i koa-monastic kauoha mai kona mokuna. Ano ka mea, o ka huli ana o ka Lepupalika Czech e ola mahope aku o ke kaua ana o naita me ke kea ma luna o nā hae.

Sigismund a Yan Zhizhka

Ma ke kahua mua o ka luna kaua o ka poʻe kaua o ka Crusaders lilo Emperor o ka Uhane Roma aupuni a pau Sigismund. He ua compromised ia iho i loko o ka maka o ka Czechs i i ole hoomalu Hus, ka wā i i ho'āʻo i ka 'Aha o Paula. Ano, i ka Auguseto lilo nui ka huwa Slavic kamaaina.

loaa no hoi Hussite neʻe kona koa alihi kaua. Ka mea, lilo iho la ka Yan Zhizhka. Ka mea, ua ka Czech alii, a ua mua oi ma mua o 60 makahiki. I loko nō o kēia,ʻo ia ua piha o ka ikehu. Kēia naita Ua ikea iho la ia no kona maikaʻi loa 'oihana i loko o ka pā hale o kekahi aliʻi. I ka 1410, oia hui like me ka hana manawaleʻa ma ka Polish-Lituania kaua, aiʻulupā ka Kelemānia crusaders o ka Teutonic Papa i loko o ke kaua o Grunwald. Ma ke kaua ana, ua lilo ia i kona maka hema.

ʻO loko o ka Lepupalika Czech, i ke kaua e ku e ia Sigismund, Zizka loa makapo, akā, noho he Hussite alihi kaua. He pepehi ka makaʻu i loko o poʻeʻenemi o ko lakou ano iho a me ka lokoʻino. I ka 1420, pu me ke alihi kaua 8000th kaua i hele mai i ke kōkua o nā poʻe i noho ma o Palaka, kipaku mai i ka Crusaders, i waena o ka mea a ua he mahae. Ma hope iho o kēia hanana no kekahi manawa, i aliʻi ma Hussite ka pau Czech Repubalika.

Radicals a me ka 'oʻoleʻa lōpū

Soon, akā naʻe, ua kekahi poe i ua maheleia ka Hussite neʻeʻana. Ke kumu no ka neʻeʻana o lakou i ka hoomalau ana i na Catholicism a Kelemānia aliʻi ma luna o ka Lepupalika Czech. Koke ia i ku mai'ano'ē eheu, a i alai ai e Zizka. Kona kākoʻo looted Hui monasteries, i hana ia me ka objectionable Kuhina. Kēia poʻe Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia lākou iho e hoʻomoana ai ma ka maunaʻo Tabora aku, no ka mea, o ka mea i koke kapa Taborites.

I ka Ia manawa, i ka lōpū neʻeʻana ola i waena o ka Hussites. Kona mau lala ka i makemake eʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai me ka Ekalesia Hui ia makahiki, no kekahi concessions. No ka mea, o ka hoa pāonioni ma waena o nā kipi koke hoʻokahi mana i loko o ka Lepupalika Czech oki i nei. Ua ho'āʻo e lawe ka lanakila o ka Emperor Sigismund, ka poe i hoomaka e hoonohonoho i ka lua o crusade ku ei na heretics.

Ke crusade ku ei ka Hussites

I ka 1421 i ka imperial poe koa, i kekahi pū nâ hui o Hunakalia a me ka Polish naita hoi aku la i ka Repubalika Czech. Ke kumu o Sigismund i ke kulanakauhale o Zatec, i i ke aupuni 'ole loa, mai ka German panalāʻau o Saxony. E kōkua i ka hoʻopilikiaʻia pā ia Taborite poe koa, i i alai ai e Yan Zhizhka. City e hoʻokele i ka hoomalu, a mai ia lā ua he kaua me ka loli iki ana ka pomaikai no nāʻaoʻaoʻelua.

Soon lālā o ka Hussite neʻe loaa kākoʻo mai ka unexpected Ally i loko o ka poʻe hao wale Orthodox e hele mai, mai ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania. Ma keia aina, ua pili na paio no ka malama ana o ka manaoio kahiko, a me ka rejection o ka Hui keiki i hele mai, mai Poland ka. Lithuanians a me kā lākou Lūkini moe A mau makahiki kōkua Hussites i loko o kā lākou kaua e kū'ē i ka Auguseto.

I ka 1423 pōkole-makahiki pomaikai Zizka e ia pu me ka poe koa, e pau loa ia i ike i ko lakou aina, a me ka hiki hoʻomaka e intervene i kokoke Hungary. Hussites i hiki aku ai i ke kapa o ke Danube, kahi e kali ana no ka kūloko aliʻi poʻe kaua. Zizka i i aa komo i loko o ke kaua, a huli aʻela hoʻi au i ka hale.

Ole ma Hungary alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka lānai hou heʻoiʻoiʻokoʻa i Wāwahi ka Hussite neʻeʻana. Ke kumu no ka mea noi, ua poina, a me ka Taborites hele i ke kaua ku e 'oʻoleʻa lōpū (poe i i kapaia Chashniki ole Utraquists). Radicals e hoʻokele i loaa i ka lanakila nui i loko o June 1424, ma hope a he pōkole ana ke kuʻikahi, i hoihoi hou ia. Naʻe, ka mea ia haule Yan Zhizhka make o ke ahulau. Hele ana i ka Haliʻaaʻela ka wahi o ka Hussite neʻe pono pono nā přibyslav kulanakauhale, kahi i make aiʻo ia i ke kaulana Hussite alihi kaua. I kēia lā Zizka o ke aupuni meʻe o ka Czechs. He loaʻa i ka nui loa o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i.

hoomau kaua

Zizka wahi i luna o ka Taborites i Prokop ka Nui. He ua he kahuna, a hele mai, mai ka influential Palaka ano keia ano. Prokop ua Chashnikov mua, akā, e ho'ōla i launa pu me na radicals. Eia hou, oia ua he luna maikai.

I ka 1426 Prokop alakai aku i ka poe kaua o ka militia Taborite a me Palaka, a hiki i na pa o ke kulanakauhale o Ústí nad Labem, a i pio e ke Sakona komohewa. Hussite alakaʻi alakaʻi i ka 25.000 kanaka i ua mea nui ikaika.

Ke akamai a me nā kaʻa mokulele o na kipi

Ma ke kaua o Ústí nad Labem Prokop ana hoʻohana i ka tactic, a ikea mai la iloko o ka manawa o Yana Zhizhki. Ka hoʻomaka o ka Hussite neʻe wehewehe aku i loko i ka mea hou hakakā huahelu o ka militia he untrained a me ka ukele i ke kaua me ka poe koa 'oihana o ka Auguseto. Over manawa, i? Ee ma ka influx o protestors Czechs naita i kēia deficiency.

An nui HOU ua ka Hussite lako nalowale. No laila, kapa puʻukaua, i i kūkuluʻia mai o nā kaʻa, e pale aku i ka strategically nui wahi ma ke kahua kaua. Ua ua i loko o ke kaua Czech ma Europe i hoomaka ai e hoʻohana kāʻei pū a mea, akā, ka mea, ua nō i loko o ka makemake ana ia mea primitive moku'āina hiki i pili nui i ka hope o ke kaua. A kūlana koʻikoʻi Ua pâʻani 'o ia e ka lio, no ka a me ka lako hou i kona hua lole, he mea keʻakeʻa nei.

Ma ka I i ka pu i pana aku la ia i kaʻenemi, aʻaʻole e ia i hemo mai ma ka pakaua. Lako hou i kona hua lole Ua kūkuluʻia i loko o kekahi mau huinahń shape. Aia he pinepine hihia wā huki kaʻa a puni ka moat, a lilo iho la i hou pomaikai keia no ka Hussites. Ma ka lako hou i kona hua lole hiki pono mai i ka 20 kanaka, ka hapalua o ka mea e noho ana o ka pua hahau i ka lio e kokoke mai ka mamao.

Ma muli o ka tactical ia paena, i ka poe kaua o Prokop he kapaʻole, hookahi hou kipaku kēia kanaka Kelemānia. A pau ke kaua ma Ústí nad Labem, Czech militia no ka makahiki ekolu ma kekahi mau manawa ma Austria, a Saxony a hiki hoʻopuni Vienna, a Nuremberg, nae, i ole no kuʻu kaumaha.

He hana hoihoi 'ia i keia manawa ka Hussites i hoomaka ai e' Imi kākoʻo i ka poeikohoia o ka Polish ano hanohano, a me ka naita o keia aupuni, ma muli naʻe o ko lākou mau luna. Kēia pilina hiki ke loaʻa i ka mea hoakaka. Na auamo, e like me ka Czechs, i Slavs makau hooikaika mai Kelemānia keiki ma luna o ko lākou'āina. No laila, i ka Hussite neʻeʻana, ma ka pōkole, uaʻaʻole wale nō he haipule, akā, i loaa ia aupuniʻono.

I mea kamaʻilio me Kakolika

I ka 1431, Pope Martin V kapaia Basel Hale Pule Nui (kapa no ka wahi o ke anaina kanaka), ke hoʻololi e hoʻonā i ke kue i ka Czechs ma diplomacy. I ka lanakila o keia kaumaha, i komo a me na luna o ka Hussite neʻeʻana. 'aheʻelele, ua hoʻokumu 'ia, a hele aku la i Basel. Ua Ua alakaʻiʻia Prokop ka Nui. Nā kūkaʻi'ōleloʻana, i kona hoolilo me na Kakolika, i pau ai ma ka ole. Aoao a hiki i ke kue i ole e hiki i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai. Hussite kauoha malu hoi aku la i ka hale.

Ole nāʻaha huiʻelele alakai i kekahi mahae iwaena o na kipi. Ka hapa nui o ke alii ko lakou Czech manao e ho'āʻo hou i negotiate me na Kakolika, akā,ʻaʻole ka uku hoʻolohe i ka pono o ka Taborites. Ka mea, ua i ka hope a me ka fateful rupture, a luku i ka Hussite neʻeʻana. Ka Papa hōʻike i ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana pili i ka Czech uprising alai ae ia e ku Chashniki a me ka Taborites.

Ka hope loa mahae Hussites

Taborite ka wā ikea ae la ia i ka lōpū Hussites hou ho'āʻo ana e imi i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai me na Kakolika, hele aku la lakou i Plzen, ma ka pepehi Hui hapaha. Kēia Episode ua i ka hope mauʻu no ka hapanui o ka Czech haku i hope i hele mai i ka berita a me ka Pope. Aristocrats i maluhiluhi o ka kaua mea i hele ma no ka umikumamalima makahiki. Czech Lepupalika waiho i ka mea hina, a me kona waiwai, i kaukaʻi ma ka pono o ka ipu hiki ole e hoihoi hou ia a a he mea e malu ai.

E like me ka rula, kēlā feudal haku i kona poe iho uuku kaua, oia hoi o ka naita paukū. I ka wā o nā ipu Union hui koa e a kekahi hui i ka Kakolika, a me ka militia o Palaka, i loko o ka poʻe hao wale hou, he 13 tausaniʻelemakule i mākaukau 'Oihana. Ma ke poʻo o ka poʻe koa ku Utraquists feudal Diviš Bořek. Nō hoʻi i ka poʻe koa mńlualua me ka wā e hiki mai Czech King George o Podebrady.

Kaua o Lipan

Taborite Kākoʻo 16 Czech kulanakauhale, me ia ia iho Tabora a me Zatec, Nymburk, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Army radicals nō alakaʻiʻia Prokop ka Nui, nona ka lima'ākau i kekahi luna Prokop Small. Taborite mua o ka kaua me kaʻenemi e hoʻokele, e lawe i kaʻoluʻolu kulana no ka hoakaka ana'ku i ka hillside. Prokop ua manaʻolana i ka lanakila i kona Classic nā kaʻa mokulele i komo i ka hana o ka lako huakaʻi, e like me ua hoʻokomoʻia iho i kaʻenemi, a kuleana counterattack.

May 30, 1434 mauʻenemi kaua clashed i loko o ke kaua hope loa o Lipan. Prokop kuka Ua hoʻokō ana a hiki i ka Episode me ka ee-kaua ia Taborites ike i Utraquists hoʻomaka 'hoohalike ia lakou hee hope ana, e alakai ia lakou i ka oluolu wahi.

Pana ma ka Ewa o ke kaua i koe i loko o ka hope hoʻiʻelemakule kaua lio. Keia lio Ua kali ana no ka peahi o ka ulia kaua like loa me ka Taborites ole e noho ana i loko o ka nö hoʻi kūlana. Eia hoi, hou a me ka piha o ka ikaika naita hoouka aku i kaʻenemi, a me ka radicals holo kiki hoʻi i kona mau mua i hoomoanaʻi. Koke iho la, a me ka lako nalowale. Ma ka hoomalu ana o kēia mau pakaua, he pepehi alakaʻi Taborite - Prokop ka Nui a me Prokop Small. Utraquists eo he kuleana lanakila, a ia i ka hopena o ka Hussite kaua.

Meaning aʻo Hussite

Ma hope iho o ka make ma ke kaua o Lipan'ano'ē'ēheu i hope make. Taborites nō koe, akā, ma hope o 1434, ka mea i ike ole i hiki ke hoonohonoho i ka uprising ma ka unahiʻole, i like me ke kaua mua. Ma ka Lepupalika Czech i hoʻokumu i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai a me ka coexistence o Kakolika Utraquists. Utraquists okoa loli liʻiliʻi ma ka mea ume i ka hana, a me ka maikai iaiyoe i Jan Hus.

Ma a me ka nui, ua hoi hou mai ka Czech ke kaiāulu a hiki i ke kūlana, a i wahi ma mua o ka uprising. No laila, i ka Hussite kaua i alakai i kekahi'ano'ē loli ma ka aina o ka ola. I ka mea ia manawa, i ka crusade ku heretics, kena ae la nunui poino i ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ka Repubalika Czech. Central 'Eulopa i kekahi mau makahiki ka hoola ana i na eha o ke kaua.

Hou i nā hualoaʻa o ka Hussite neʻe lilo maopopo wale nui hope, i ka wa a ka mea i loko o ka XVI kenekulia, ma Europe i hoomaka ai ka Reformation kaʻina. Aia i kekahi Lutheranism a me Calvinism. Ma hope o ka makahiki he kanakolu 'Kaua ma 1618-1648 GG. ka hapanui o Europa i hele mai no ka haipule ku okoa ana. E loaʻa ai i kēia pomaikai o a me ka waiwai o ka Hussite neʻeʻana, a i ka prelude i ka Reformation.

Ma ka uprising Czech o kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka aina haaheo. Ma ka aina, e hiki ke kiʻi i ka huakaʻi, a e ae iauaeoia oo? Ecia, e kipa i ka mea paipai manaʻo o ka Hussite neʻeʻana. Ma ka Lepupalika Czech i kahu i ka hoomanao ana o ka ia, a me kona mau koa.