Derivational lei o nā hua'ōlelo pilikia. Pehea e kūkulu i kekahi kaulahao o ka hua'ōlelo-hale? Ano he kumu hoʻohālike derivational kaulahao

E kiʻi i ke kāʻawe aku hoʻi o nā pehea e kūkulu i kekahi kaulahao o ka olelo-ho okumu, ka mea nui. Keia akamai e ae e kumumea i ke kaʻina o e pili ana i ka hou lehelehe pa alima, a pale aku wā e hiki mai aohe ahailono,.

Derivative a produces hua'ōlelo

A pau o ka lānai hou-i hana olelo nā kumumea i loko o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo i ka derivative manawa. Derivational lei o nā hua'ōlelo pilikia ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kumu o ka simplest - ka hana (kona kūpaʻa) huahelu. He ke kumu. A pau o nā hua'ōlelo Puhi iho i hanaʻia i loko (kūpaʻa). Keia rula i pili i loko o nā hihia a pau, i ke kahua o ka hou olelo huahelu.

Ohohia hua'ōlelo i ka oi luna '' ole me ka mahalo i ka ai? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Kēia i ka lewa i loko o ka semantic, morphological a me ka stylistic, ao ke ano.

E noonoo derivational kaula - examples o nā mea loaʻa a me ka hana oihana mua:

• Aniani <= lalo-aniani-Nick, kahi aniani - kona kūpaʻa pa alima. Cup paa - derivative.
• Pepehi i <= oe-iki *, kahi kui - hua olelo. Kikeke - kūpaʻa.

Ole-derivative (unmotivated) hua'ōlelo

Ma Russian he mea olelo huahelu, i ka mea,ʻaʻole i hanaʻia, mai nā'ōlelo a me ka ia kumu. O kēia mau 'ano apau loa e olelo aku nei ka mea, e' ole-derivative manawa. Derivational hua'ōlelo kaula me unmotivated kūpapakū hiki ke hana ia me ka pa alima like penei wale nō: ole-derivative ano like hoʻomakaʻia <= ohohia palapala. Ia mea i ka kumu o ka olelo o ka poe noonoo ole loa i ka haku mele 'ana.

Unmotivated olelo huahelu i hookuu iloko o ka hookahi kumu. No kekahi laʻana: kaikaina, e noho ana, ka lā.

He aha ka derivational kaula

Ka uuku pa alima o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu ua hua palapala. Ma muli o ia, naʻau i nā mea a pau i ka nā 'ikamu. Derivational kaula o ke kaʻina o ka olelo ano apau loa me he hookahi kumu. Eia hou kekahi, kēlā hou hehee ai ma hope mai o ka mua kekahi. Ia mea, ke kaʻina i ka hierarchical 'ole.

Kēlā me kēia hou pa alima i loko o ka formative kaulahaoʻano me ka mua mau o ka leo a me ka mea he derivative no ia. Kekahi olelo, ma ka huli, i kona kūpaʻa.

E noonoo oe i kumu. Ma kekahi kaula ulana i <= lāʻau o <= lāʻau 'ulana' ua loko ma ka pili ana i ka "ulana", ka mea hoi i pili i ka "mea ulana," Ua ua kona kūpaʻa.

He aha ka ka derivational kaula

Derivational lei o ka olelo - he kaʻina o hou olelo huahelu. Language - he olaʻano papa hana i ua mau hōʻano. Mai ka hapanui o ka hou'ōlelo huahelu ma ka Lūkini 'ōlelo - nā mea loaʻa, olelo ho okumu mea nui i ki i hoʻomaopopo i ka waiwai o ka' ōlelo a me ka manawa kūpono o ka kaʻaluna.

No ka mea kahua o nā mākau, a hoʻopuʻipuʻi hou i nā mākau o ka hale kaʻina kūpono e hana likeʻole hana e like me:

• e ho okumu i kekahi kaula o ka olelo-ho okumu ana o ka haawi mai olelo;
• E huli i ka hoʻomakaʻia ke kinona;
• ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka mea formative kaulahao o ke kaʻina;
• kuhikuhi i ka kona kūpaʻa kumu;
• hoʻoholo pehea na kaulahao o ka olelo-ho okumu i loko o ka punana.

olelo-ho okumu i punana

Me ka derivational nā kaula hao hui pu iho stemmings olelo pa alima a me ka pono ole semanticʻano mea hiki e ua kālaiʻia kekahi kaʻina. Ua ua kapaʻia he kumu. 'O kēia ka loa nui manaʻo e, ua kukulu hou lexical' ano apau loa.

Word-ho okumu i pūnana - he lākou o nā kaula hao e hui pu iho olelo huahelu i ka huina notional waiwai. He nui ka noonoo ole wale i ka pono kumu, akā, i ka mea o semantic koke. I ka piko o ka olelo-ho okumu i punana o ka simplest kekahi. Wale highlighting ka simplest i waena o ka cognate hoʻi hehee wale, he mea hiki e hooholo i ka nui o ke kaʻina, ma ke kumu o ka mea hiki e kukulu.

No ka laʻana, derivational kaula: maka <= depersonalize <= depersonalize hana i ka punana i ke kaula: i ka maka o ka <= alo <= o hailukuia mai lakou. Olelo ana a pa alima "maka" ua loko i loko o keia punana.

aoao o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu

I mea e pale hewa i loko o ka wa hoomakaukau ia no derivational kaulahao, ka mea, ua hoomaopopo ana i ka 'ōlelo' Lūkini he mea no ka hana o ka hou'ōlelo hehee wale.

E kuhikuhi i kekahi mau aoao:

1. Eia hou kekahi. Ke hou pa alima ua hana ma ka hui ana i kekahi kumu o kekahi olelo, a hiki i ke kumu o kekahi (a oi mau kumu). Aia nō ka mea i kēiaʻaoʻao.

• ka hana anei + ai pili aku vowel + kona kūpaʻa mau olelo: kinoea-o-silicate, piha-o-heluhelu. Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka ai pili aku vowel i e nalo: Kaliningrad;
• hua kumu + kumu produces puneʻe moe, flared lepa, he pili-Komikina'Āina luna;
• ka hana ka hana kumu + kumu + kau hope: poo-neoneo-i-ka;
• ailona: ho okumu o ka hui hua'ōlelo ma ka pepa ihola ia a hapa 'ia' truncated mau kumu: kulanui, battalion, zavskladom.

2. Morphological iaoia - me ke kōkua o nā pākuʻina:

• kau hope (hoʻohana suffixes): raspberries-Nick <= raspberries;
• prefixing (me ka hoʻohana 'prefixes); hou-holo <= holo;
• Postaffixal (-What-a, someday, Xia): mare Xia <= e mare;
• Hui pu ana, (pākuʻina kau mua-kau hope paha, suffixal prefixing listen'ōlelo.)

3. huli ana (morpho-syntactic iaoia). Ma keia hihia, ke olelo mea i malama i kekahi loli. Ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu ana o hou naehana ua lawe mai ma ka hoʻololiʻana mai kekahi i kekahi hapa o ka olelo.

• substantivizing - i ke kahua o ka noun, mai kekahi aoao o ka'ōlelo: ka pololei oe hana, e ala;
• adjectivization - adjective ho okumu ma ka hoolilo, mai na wahi e ae o ka olelo: kuni mau maka (hoohalike: lanahu umu ahi e'a'ā ana);
• pronominalizatsiya (hoʻololi i na pronouns): kēia pōʻaiapili, ma ka ia kulanakauhale;
• adverbializatsiya (hoʻololi i loko o ka adverb): i loko o kona iho, e hana (hoohalike: i ka hana ma luna o kou manao y me);
• hoʻololi i nā prepositions: hoomaikai i hauʻoli i ka manawa maopopo, (hoohalike: hoomaikai ia ia, no kona kōkua).

4. Na lexical-semantic hana. Word aʻole e hoʻololi i kona morphological 'ole, e loaa he okoaʻano: onion (kanu) - kakaka (mea kaua), palaki (unuhi) - palaki (mauna lehu).

5. lexico-syntactic iaoia: merge elua a oi huahelu i loko o hoʻokahi. No kekahi laʻana: (iki ka hoʻokō) Na kēia (helu 'ia ma lalo nei), ineffective.

Algorithm unuhi aku la ia formative kaula

I mea e maopopo pehea e hana i kekahi kaulahao o ka olelo-ho okumu, ia mea e pono e nana i ke kaʻina o nā hana. Ke kanana 'adherence i nā mea a pau i ka' ikamu e nui Nohie i ka hana.

1. E kau i ka hua'ōlelo i loko o ka palapala shape.
2. E koho i nā mea a pau i loaʻa pākuʻina - prefixes, suffixes a me na aa.
3. Kau i ke ano o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana.
4. E huli i ka semantic ano o ka olelo hehee ai (ina he pono - a me ke kōkua o ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo).
5. Ma ka moʻo o ka hoʻokahi-aa huahelu eʻohi i ka hoʻomakaʻia o ka like loa.

No kekahi laʻana, e makemake ana i ka huli 'ana no ka hoʻomake a o ka hua'ōlelo "paa".

E koho i ka mole a me ka pākuʻina: he-kīʻaha-Nick, ma ka - pākuʻina kau, inoa kapakapa - kau hope aniani - kumu. Prefixal-kau hope ano o ka olelo ho okumu. E hoakaka semanticʻano: kiaha paa - o kekahi mea i ua kau ma lalo o ke aniani. Pela ka hana i ka hua'ōlelo "aniani" e hana ma keia hihia.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike derivational kaulahao

E noonoo oe i kekahi mau examples o ka pahi kaʻina.

"Oukou" koi 'ia derivational kaula me ka olelo.

E like me ka algorithm:

1. Ke keʻehi palapala - "olioli oukou."
2. Wae pākuʻina: manawa-hoe-a TH-Xia. Suffixes: shaping - a - indeterminate ano -t i-, postfix ano o ka verb hoʻi Xia. Kekahi pākuʻina kau. -vesel- kumu.
3. Ho oholo i kaʻano o ka olelo ho okumu: ua hiki no ke kahińuli i ka formative kau hope a me ka pākuʻina kau mākou. No laila, i ke ala - platformers-kau hope.
4. Koho i ke ano o ka olelo hehee ai "olioli oukou": e hele mai i loko o ka naʻau i loko maikai, e leʻaleʻa.
5. Ke kaʻina hana o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu - pākuʻina kau mua-kau hope. Ke huli nei hoʻomakaʻia pa alima ma simplification. Kona kūpaʻa hua'ōlelo reflexive verb "oukou" mea he pili-hoʻi verb "olioli oukou." Okoa pākuʻina kau, ma keia hihia i ka waiwai o ka hana me ka nui pinepine '. Hoʻomakaʻia hua'ōlelo verb "oukou" Ua oi alodio hehee ai "olioli", i ua hana, ma ka huli, ka adjective "ʻoliʻoli". Penei, derivational ke kaula gula e e:

ʻoluʻolu <= hoolealea <= olioli oukou <= olioli oukou

Hana i kekahi kaula o ka olelo-hale no ka noun "kapiia lakou a pau."

E like me ka algorithm:

1. Ke keʻehi palapala - "kapiia lakou a pau."
2. Wae pākuʻina a me ka aa: no ka mea Sol-i-luawai. Pākuʻina kau: za- aʻa: -hydrochloric - kau hope: -k-, flexion: mau.
3. Ano O derivation: prefixal-kau hope.
4. Mākou IeXAaAeAaIEN semantic manaʻo o "kapiia lakou a pau": malama hoʻohana 'ana i ka paʻakai.
5. Mākou e imi i ka mea haku mele 'ana produces i ka hua'ōlelo. Ke kau hope -k - Hōʻike i ka leo hehee ai o ka inoa o ka hana, a ua loko mai o ka verb. Derivational paʻa, e haawi aku i kekahi noun verb "pickle". I huli ai oe, o ka pākuʻina kau za- olelo no ka hopena o ka hana - ". Paʻakai" ka verb i hana mai oi na mea ano o "I ka paʻakai" - hana i kekahi mea pickled hoʻohana 'paʻakai. Produces i ka hua'ōlelo "paakai". Derivational ke kaula gula, e kikokiko i:

Salt <= ka paʻakai <= pickle <= kapiia lakou a pau

E kūkulu i kekahi kaula o ka olelo-hale no ka adjective "nepedagogichno".

E like me ka algorithm:

1. Ke keʻehi palapala - nepedagogichno.
2. Wae morpheme: ole-padagog-DBS mua. Pākuʻina kau ole-aa -pedagog-, nary he kau hope -, -s flexion.
3. Ano O derivation: prefixal-kau hope.
4. Hoakaka semanticʻano "nepedagogichno": 'aʻole i kō hae o nā kiʻina aʻo.
5. Ke kaʻina hana o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu - prefixal-kau hope. Mākou e imi ana no ka simpler morphemic mele pa alima. Ka adjective "nepedagogichno" ua hana mai o ka hookahi hapa o ka olelo "sensible" me ka pākuʻina kau me ka ioʻaʻole. Ke'ī mai, i ka hoʻomakaʻia ka mokuna ma ka mau o ka hua'ōlelo "sensible". I huli ai oe, o ka adjective "sensible" ua hana ia e kekahi formative kau hope - ichn- mai ka noun 'nā kiʻina aʻo'. Kēia slvo ua loko mai o ka mea haku mele 'ana noun "kumu". Ke'ī mai, i ka hoʻomakaʻia ka mokuna (vertex) o kēia kaʻina o ka noun "kumu". Derivational kaula Ua like penei:

kumu <= nā kiʻina aʻo <= sensible <= nepedagogichno

Hana i kekahi kaula o ka hua'ōlelo-hale "razgrimirovatsya" verb.

E lawe mai i nāʻanuʻu e like me ka algorithm:

1. Infinitive palapala - "razgrimirovatsya".
2. Wae pākuʻina: manawa-no makeup-Irova-TH-Xia. Pākuʻina kau: kekahi aʻa: -grim -, shaping ka verb kau hope - irova- a me ka i hookauia mai -t indefinite kinona, postfix-Xia.
3. Ano O derivation: prefixal-kau hope.
4. Mākou hoakaka i ka semantic ano o ka verb "razgrimirovatsya": lawe aku i kona no makeup.
5. Ka papa hana o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu - platformers-kau hope paha, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi imi ana no ka' ole simpler o ka morphemic pa alima. Breakout verb "razgrimirovatsya" ua hana ma ka hoi ana mai o ka verb "e-i" me ka pākuʻina kauʻokoʻa i ka waiwai ma mua o ke kāpaeʻana hana. I huli ai oe, o ka reflexive verb "e-i" - mai ka ole-hoi o ka verb "e mai." Hoʻomakaʻia i ka hua'ōlelo "e mai" ka verb mea he pili-derivative noun "no makeup", i mea ka vertex o ke kaʻina. Derivational kaula ho i ka kēia noaia:

no makeup <= e i <= no makeup <= razgrimirovatsya

E hoʻolohe

I unuhi aku la ia i ka derivational kaula hao ua? Aeiiaiaoaony e hoʻolohe i ke kēia nuances:

• E ole e pioloke derivation a me formative Ka Ikepili. Hope AIM e kuhikuhi i na ano o ka ia hua'ōlelo. No kekahi laʻana: au e holo - e holo aku - holo. Oiai ka hope loa pahuhopu o ka Ikepili mea derivational kaula hou lexical naehana;
• i ke kumu o ka lānai hou-i hana olelo hehee ai ana oia o ka oi pākuʻina ma mua o ua mau kona kūpaʻa. No ka laʻana, ma ka formative paʻa: hooilo <= hooilo hua kumu kikowaena kekahi ka i hookauia mai - aa - zim-, oiai ke kumu o ke kamailio ana hua'ōlelo ninoieo a ka aa - zim- a me ke kau hope - n.
• ma ka olelo hui denoting i ke kanaka a me ka holoholona, kane, ka wahine, ka hana pōkole, e like me ka rula, ia mea he käne noun. No kekahi laʻana: ulana <= mea ulana; Oie <= Oie;
• ka hui, a me nā wahi likeʻole o ka olelo - verb, e hoike ana i ka Hōʻuluʻulu hana, a me ka noun a adjective, e hoike ana i ka hoailona, nā mea loaʻa hua'ōlelo mea nui ka noun. No kekahi laʻana: kahiko <= wa elemakule, umu <= pastries;
• reflexive verbs ka papa kuhikuhiE hapa ua hanaʻia e ka politika-returnable. No kekahi laʻana: e ao aku i ka <= e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, mare <= mare;
• me ka verb hua'ōlelo pinepine hana kēia noaia: ole-derivative verb imperfective hōʻike pū 'ana <= perfective verbs me ka pākuʻina kau <= verb me ka pākuʻina kau, a kau hope imperfective: e makaala <= nānaina <= hoomaopopo, lulu <= kanu <= zaseivat ke;
• i loko o ka derivation o adverbs ma -o hoʻomakaʻia mokuna ia mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO he adjective: maikai <= maikai, kokololio <=ʻepekema akā.

E ho ohana puke wehewehe i ka makaukau ana o derivational kaulahao

E like me ke kanana 'kaʻaeʻana unuhi algorithm derivational kaula hao i kekahi manawa ke kumu no kekahi mau pilikia. Ma keia hihia ia mea kūpono ke hoʻohana i ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo. Aia i kūikawā a paʻi, a me ke kōkua o i ia mea hiki ke koho i ka ia kumu palapala kokoke kekahi olelo hehee wale. Ka mea, ua haawi mai olelo-ho okumu i nā kaula hao - examples he pili-derivative huahelu, a me nā mea a pau o kona hikoko. E koho i 'ana i kūpono a me ke ano o ke kūkuluʻana'ōlelo form.Takzheʻoe ke loaʻa kōkua ma pehea e hana i kekahi kaulahao o ka olelo-ho okumu i ka kekahi olelo ana hehee wale.

Derivative pepa i aia i loko o ka manuale ma ke kaʻina pī'āpā. Ka loa piha paiia o ka "olelo-ho okumu Dictionary o Lūkini 'ōlelo" i loko o 2 puke.

'O ka ho'ohana'ana i nā puke wehewehe'ōlelo e kōkua i ke kūkulu'ana i nā kaulahao, a me ka ho'olaha'ana i ka ho'onui'ana i nā hua'ōlelo hou.