Rod a me ka noho 'ana

Rod a me ke kaiāulu

Primitive malu no na tausani o ka makahiki i he uuku loa nā pūʻulu. Community (pūʻulu) ma luna o ke kahua archanthropines i ka Neolithic manawa 'aʻole i oi aku i ka helu o ka 20 a hiki i 30 kanaka. ike, eia nae, i loaʻa; kokoke mai i hōʻike i ka maloko 'ole o kēia mau pūʻulu a me kā lākou mau ka pili ma. Wale ethnologists, ka malama ana i ke ola o primitive nā kaiapili o kēia manawa, hookahe malamalama ma kēia pukana ..
Rod - kekahi o ka nui ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka primitive lehulehu. ʻO loko o ka XIX kenekulia. ka mua anthropologists a hiki i ke kūlana o keia kŰia ua i kekahi, a hāʻawi akula iā ia i ka 'epekema wehewehe no Mr. L. Morgan. E like me kona wehewehena, a pili kēia hoopaa mai ai i kona mea i kahi loihi, lāhui - he hui ana o kanaka alakai i ko lakou hanauna, mai ka hoʻomaopopo like kupuna (maoli paha mythical) ma luna o kekahi o nā laina elua - kanaka (mai ka makua kāne i nā keiki) paha, he wahine (makuahine no na keiki); . KE ANO o ka genus - exogamy, 'o ia hoʻi, ka papa i ka mare lālā o lākou iho ano; hoa a pau o ka genus i koiia e kōkua kekahi i kekahi, a pilikia loa i ka lawe mākaia no ka make a me ka poino ana o ko lakou mau hoahanau, kena ae la kanaka, mai nā genera; hoa o ka genus i hui me ka haipule cult, i ke kumu nui o ka mea hoomana aku ma a pinepine hana i na kupuna; kupuna pinepine lilo ana he kapu hōʻailona o tribal ke kuʻikahi, (totem), i ka inoa o kona mau lala kapaʻia lākou ma 'ano (-Iroquois Indians - "aeto kanaka", "kanaka o ke kuhukukū," a pela aku ...). Kekahi o ka hiʻona o ka tribal hui - i piha lāhui hiki loa e noho ana ma ka ia hui. O ke kumu ho i ka mea e, e like me ka hana mau ana o exogamy kaikamahine a me nā keiki 'ano o ka mea, hoʻoikaika ihola e mare nā lālā o ke ku pono ano. Inā ka genus virilokalen (mare hui kikiʻo i loko o ka hui na kahu), a laila, e like me ka hui ua koi 'ia e noho wahine a na kanaka ka poe i hele mai, mai ka kekahi ano, a me na kaikuahine a me na kaikamahine a na kanaka e hele i nā pūʻulu. I ka wā o ka lāhui uksorilokalen (mare hui kikiʻo i loko o ka wahine mare o ka hui), ma ka mea ku ole, i ke kanaka opiopio ma hope o ka mare e haalele ana i ka hui, kahi e rodilis.Vse ia attaches pau nui i ka kŰia o primitive ola, e like me ke kaiāulu, 'ole. E. A kime o kanaka hui ole wale tribal ano laulea, akā, i ka mokuna o ka noho, a me ka launa Male hoahanau.
Ke kaiaulu kohu ke? Iecaianoaaiiie hui, kona mau lala a pau, a hoʻopau i nā huahana o kā lākou hana ma ka kumu o ka loina o ka like, nānā 'ole o tribal affiliation. I loko o ke kaiaulu pili ana i ka genus nui ma ka hoomana (malihini i ka mea pinepine ka mea, i ae), i succession i na lunakahiko, a me alakaʻi you. Nōhie kamaʻilio mau e hele ma kela aoao o ke kaiāulu.
Pili ana i na genus maternally typical no ka loiloi mua pae prehistory. No laila, ka mea i manaʻo a kŘpa a nei, a me ka mea i pili i ka Hoʻohaku kūlana i loko o kēia au o nā wāhine i loko o ke kaiāulu ( "matriarchy" mana o ka makuahine) .Etnologicheskie ike e pili ana primitive kanaka o nā 'âinapuni' o ka Honua 'Aʻole i kākoʻo keia manao, a me ka archeology, ma ko lakou ano, ke ole haawi kauoha maopopo o ka pono a me oshibochnosti.Otmechennye na hoailona o ka lāhui a me keʻano o ka hui pu ana, a me wale i ka kekahi mau kumu loko mai o ka nui ethnological mea i ke kaiāulu. Ma ka 'epekema nae ike i ka nuiʻano o ke ano o ke kanaka, ke kaiāulu-tribal organizatsii.Razlichiya ma waena o kēia mauʻano o ka manawa ma ka kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao: he poe kanaka e ku ana ma ka prenatal ke kahua, ma i ke kaiāulu, ke komo pu ole oi aku mamua o 15 kanaka, e pili ana ma ka poe noonoo ole pilina o ka kinship (consanguine kaiāulu) me ka kaʻawale kekahi kekahi laina o ke kumu. Ka mea, oia i hookuu primitive aiia a pau, e ola ana i loko o noho pilikia ana o Tropical rainforest (nambikvara Amazon, na kupa a me ka Mokupuni o Sumatra, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). Ike ai i na kanaka, ke kaiāulu, a mea kekahi ano o (Papuans), oiai o ka oi holomua ohana (Indians o North .Ameriki, Melanesians) kaiāulu pinepine oia no kekahi mau nōhie like paha pūʻulu (heterogeneous kaiaulu).

No ka mea, no nā hana o ka mokupuni o New Guinea, na kanaka] Papuans, wehewehe aku ma tribal kaiāulu, nona ka helu kākaʻikahi 100 kanaka oi aku. Ma ia ano he kaiāulu, e hiki mau loaʻa ka papa kuhikuhiE waeʻano ekolu o kanaka: na kanaka o kekahi ano 1) * aha i ka 'ōlelo o ke kaiāulu, e noho kaawale ia mai na mea e ae, i loko o ua hale i nā kānaka o ka; 2) ko lakou poe makuwahine, a me na wahine, e noho ana i loko o ka ohana pupupu me kā lākou mau keiki; ia ho 'ē aʻe genera, a hele mai ma ka pili ana i ka mare ana o ka mea' ē aʻe wahi; 3) kaikuahine a me na kaikamahine a na kanaka, ka poe e aiaiiuie noho, like ma neia hope aku, e hāʻawi aku i ka mare ana, a haʻalele i ka noho. Male kaiaulu hanaʻia ka hapanui hana-mālama nui ana i ka deforestation ma nā mahinaʻai o Tropical ulu: uhi, ke kalo, ka 'uala. Cohesive pūʻulu i tribal ike, he pono ole haipule cult. A pau i kēia Akä naÿe no ia ma waena o nā kānaka a me nā wāhine (i loko o kekahi mau wahi ka mea, e olelo aku i kekahi mau 'ōlelo a pau).
Papuan tribal kaiāulu, ma ka mea, o ka lāhui kanaka kaawale me kona mau 'ōlelo, aoao, a me ka moʻomeheu. Pinepine i ka inoa o na kanaka, ke kaiaulu translates like "mākou i nā kanaka", a expresses ka manaoio i ka mea e pili like pūʻulu, a me kā lākou mau wāhine, i ole kanaka.