'Edemuna Husserl: he pōkole Kawaihae, Hawaii photo, nui na hana, nā kaha puana'ī

'Edemuna Husserl (makahiki o ke ola - 1859-1938) - ke kaulana German poe akeakamai e noʻonoʻo pono i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka philosophical neʻe - phenomenology. Mahalo i ka mea he nui na hana a me ka ao kūlana hana, oia ua loaa he hopena nui ma luna o nā ka German akeakamai, a ma luna o ka ulu ana o kēia 'epekema ma ka nui no hoi na aina. 'Edemuna Husserl ka pilina i ka muli, a kukuluia'na o ka existentialism. Phenomenology - ka kekahi me i e pili ana i nā hana nui o Husserl. He aha ka mea? E ka maka ia.

He aha ka phenomenology?

Mai ka outset, ke phenomenology hoʻomohala like me ka laulā o ka neʻeʻana i loko o kālaiʻike,ʻaʻole me he kula paʻa. No laila, i loko o ke kakahiaka wā eia kahi mea akaka i ka au i ole e hoemi hiki i na hana o Husserl. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka papa kūlana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka phenomenology pâʻani 'o ia ma ka hana ana i keia mau nä känaka' epekema. Pakahi aku la ia nui o kana hana noa i ka ' "Logical hoʻokolokolo' ana i". Phenomenology like me ka olelo pakahi aku la ia i laha i loko o ka pau ana o Europa like me ma Amerika. Eia hou kekahi, ia? Ac? Ia ma Iapana, Australia a me kekahi mau hawaiian'āina.

Ka hoʻomaka wahi o ka philosophical olelo o ka hiki, e huai ae, a wehewehe i ka olelo no ka (intentional) ike paka i o ke ola. An pono o ke ano o ka phenomenology - ka rejection o kekahi ano i Ua unclarified presuppositions. Eia hou kekahi, 'elele o keia ao ana e hele mai, mai ka manaʻo o ka irreducibility (ae irreducibility) a ma ka ia manawa, o ka ka hoʻomauʻana o ka Pahuhopu honua (uhane moʻomeheu, hui, ano) a me ka ike paka i.

Education ma kulanui,ʻano me nā kānakaʻepekema

I ka wā e hiki mai poe akeakamai Ua hānauʻia ma ka April 8, 1859 ma Moravia (Prosnitse). He Ua aʻo ia ma Vienna, a Pelelina kulanui. I kahaha no mea'Edemuna Husserl, ke akeakamai o ka i ua ike a pau ma luna o ka honua, ma mua makemake e lilo i mathematician. Eia naʻe, Masaryk hoʻoholo ihola e lawe mai ia i na papa Manuela Brentano,ʻike manaʻo a me ka kālaiʻike. Palapala me ia, a laila, me kekahi psychologist, K. Stumpf, ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ka ukupanee a hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o'Edemuna manaʻo keʻano o ka hanaʻana. I ka wā e hiki mai poe akeakamai koi Brentano manaʻo o ka manao, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka olelo o ka ike paka i. Husserl hope aku la i i ole ike Brentano ka pilikia, "intentionality" ma ka pili ana i ka ike i kumu a me ke kahua o ka hale o ka hoao ana.

Other thinkers, 'ole ma'Edemuna ma ke kakahiaka wā - o ka Beritania empiricists (oi loa JS Mill.), William James, a me G. V. Leybnits. I ka kumumanaʻo o kaʻike Kant i i he nui hopena ma luna o ka poe akeakamai mua i loko o ka ma hope au o kona mau manao.

Ka mua hana o Husserl

'Edemuna Husserl (Hawaii photo ma luna hōʻike iā ia) i manaoio aku i ka ka papa kuhikuhi hana i ho'ākāka 'ia i kakahiaka nui, e like me ka hana mua ke "akeakamai o ka makemakika." Ma keia hana no ka manawa mua hui i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea elua o kona hoihoi. Ma ka kekahi lima, keia olelo kūpili a me ka makemakika, a me ma ka 'ē aʻe -ʻike manaʻo. Poe akeakamaiʻalo me kekahi mau pilikia. Frege hoike mai kekahi o ia i loko o ka pilikia Ka Ikepili o na hana o Husserl. Mau pilikia i puʻe wale akula kēlā'Edemuna lawe mai i kekahi mau study o ka papa hana, a me ka 'ole o ka "manao hana". I ka hope loa mokuna o ka puke i mea laʻa i ka instantaneous ", hoʻopaʻa hoʻi" o kekahi ano kinona e like me kaʻohana hipa o ka manu a me ka lalani o ke koa. Husserl pela i ke kapa i mua o Gestaltʻike manaʻo.

Lau pūʻulu o nā hana o'Edemuna Husserl

ʻO ia ka manaʻo o ka hele ana ma na hana a pau o ka poe akeakamai, akā, i kona mau manao ma manawa, ua undergone mea hou. Kana mau hana hiki ke maheleia i na kēia eha pūʻulu:

1. E pili ana i ka wā o ka "ʻike manaʻo."
2. "Ho'ākākaʻike manaʻo".
3. Transcendental phenomenology, i i mua kau mai ma Husserl i ka 1913.
4. Na hana e pili ana i ka hope wā o ke ola ana o ka poe akeakamai.

Hana "Logical hoʻokolokolo 'ana i"

Husserl ka hana kaulana loa o ka hana o ka "Logical hoʻokolokolo 'ana i". Ua Ua paʻiʻia i loko o nā makahiki 1900-1901, a ma ka Lūkini Edition i paʻiʻia mua i ka 1909. Ka mea kākau iho noʻonoʻo i kēia hana e like me "akaka ke ala" no na wahi like phenomenology. "Prolegomena i ke gula maikai ke kūpili" - o ka mua ka leo, i 'oi aku ka critique o ka manaʻo o kaʻike manaʻo, influential i ka manawa. E like me ka hiki i keia manao, na kumu mua walaʻauʻana a me ka manaÿo o ke kūpili E e haawiia ma ka hua'ōlelo o kaʻike manaʻo. "Ka manaʻo o ka maemae ke kūpili" - o ka hope loa mokuna, kahi Husserl hoʻolauna i kana olelo kūpili. Ua kuhikuhi Ua emancipated mai kaʻike manaʻo. Ka mea kākau e Kiʻi e pili ana i ka poepoe o ka maemae ke kūpili ia mea meaningless. Ma ka lua o ka leo 6 i kekahi mau haʻawina ma ka 'ole a me ka hoao ana nā loina. Mua hoihoi i loko o nāʻano o ka hana i alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i laila,-kapaia categorical kilo o ka poe akeakamai'Edemuna Husserl.

Husserl ka phenomenology

Ka kekahi nui manawa i loko o ka hana hoʻomaka haʻi'ōlelo Husserl "ka manaʻo o ka phenomenology." O ka nui i ka hoʻololi Husserl i idealism o ka hou type. No keia hopena, oia kona makemake nui i ka kūikawā iaoia kapaia phenomenological ka ho'ēmiʻana. A e pono ai ka mua ke kahua i loko o ka inoa o ke kula o ka pokole, a loaʻa kekahi 'loa' kumu no ke akeakamai a pau ka makahiki, i mea,ʻuʻumi ihola, mai kekahi hilinaʻi a me nā'ōlelo kūpaʻa. Phenomenology ua pela i hana ia ma ka hulina no Ma¯noa, a me ka nui o ka pili ma.

Ke kū'ē i ka naturalism

E noonoo pono i ka hana o Husserl, ua hiki ke ike i ka mea, i loko o kū'ē i ka naturalism. Ma kekahi, ia mea akaka no ka puka i loko o ka (essay) i ka 1911, "akeakamai a me ka rigorous 'epekema." No ka Husserl, ua kū'ē i i kekahi o na mana nui, akä,. 'Edemuna Husserl hoahewa i ka "transcendental" a hoʻokahi wale nō reflexive ho'ākāka 'epekema o ka hana e i ka kekahi kālaiʻike o "'ano'ē" rula, i mea noa o kekahi preconditions. Ma ka hope puke o "manaʻo" Husserl (paʻi posthumously), a ma kona nā hana polokalamu i ua kauohaʻia "constitutive" phenomenology. Kona manao'Edemuna ike i loko o ke kahua o ka hou idealistic kālaiʻike.

Hana ma luna o ke kūpili a me Ka Ikepili o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka ike paka i

Maopopo luku Husserl ka ano akamai i loko o ka i kēia mau wahi: ma ka ho'ākāka Ka Ikepili o kaʻokoʻa keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka ike paka i, a me ka ike o ka ike paka i ka manawa; like me ia ma ka akeakamai o ke kūpili. E hana i ka ke kūpili o ka oo wā e like penei: "Na ka hoao ana a me ka hooponopono ana" (1939) a me "ka olelo a me ka transcendental kūpili" (1929). manawa ike paka i ua hoʻokolokoloʻia e Husserl i loko o ka "haʻi'ōlelo ma ka phenomenology o ka pā manawa ike paka" (1928), a me kekahi mau hana'ē aʻe o i kekahi mau manawa o kaʻike hoʻokumu. I ka 1931,'Edemuna Husserl i hana mai i kekahi "Cartesian noonoo ana", a kau mai i ka au mamuli he nui o ka pilikia o ka ike a me ka hoao ana ike paka i kanaka ka o.

'Ano' ē i ka olelo o ka phenomenology

Ua pono e olelo mai la ia i ke kino nā hoapili kahiko he nui, a me nā haumāna Husserl ka phenomenology, akā, ma ka 'ē aʻeʻaoʻao. I mau Scheler hoihoi i ka hoomana ana, a, e kūkulu ma luna o kēia kumu kona phenomenological manaʻo. Heidegger, oia no kekahi o na Mamua o ka existentialism, ua mua he haumana o Husserl. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ia i lawe mai i ka hooia ana o ka phenomenology pili i ka manaÿo o ka "ola" a me ka "i". Husserl, ka paulele ma ka Loaʻaʻia o kona mau kumumanaʻo, nema aku i ke kūlana o Heidegger.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola ana a me ka make Husserl

'Edemuna Husserl, haalele haumana hoʻomanawanui pilikia maʻi, iʻikeʻia i loko o kona mau makahiki hope o ke ola. Late wā e hoʻokō 'ia ka hana o ko Husserl o "ka hoʻoponopono ulia o Europa Sciences", hana i ka 1936, a paʻiʻia i ka 1954. Ma ka mea i ka poe akeakamai i manaoia i ka manaʻo o ke ola-honua, a ua lilo loa kaulana.

Husserl make ma April 26, 1938 ma Freiburg im Breisgau. Ma hope o kona make ana, e haʻalele ma kahi o 11.000 'aoʻao o ka memo a me unpublished hana. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ka mea e hoʻokele e hoola. Ka mea, Ua kaʻi aku i Pelekiuma (Leuven), kahi e mau i kēia hana ma luna o kā lākou mau puke, a hemo i ka makahiki 1950 (moʻo "Gusserliana").

'Edemuna Husserl: nā kaha puana'ī

He nui nā kaha puana'ī Husserl pono o ka hoʻolohe, akā, he nui no ia e hoopai i ka oi ma-hohonu, familiarity me kona kālaiʻike. Nolaila, ua wae i ka loa na mea ikaika i ka mea ike i ka mea a pau. 'Edemuna Husserl, i ka papa kuhikuhi hana i i hōʻike mai iā ia ma luna, o ke kumu o ka kēia mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana:

• "Kēia ao mea,ʻaʻole no ka kela mea keia mea i ka ia."
• "Ka relativity o ka oiaio entails e pili ana i ke ola ana o ko ke ao nei."
• "Ka hoʻomaka mea maemae, a, no laila, e'ōlelo aku, no bapetizo i loko o ka hana o ka muteness."

A hiki i kēia lā 'aʻole e pēlā, maha aʻela hoihoi i loko o kēia kauoha, e like me ka phenomenological akeakamai o'Edemuna Husserl. Life-honua, i ke au, a me ka loa nui pilikia o nā manawa - a pau keia i ka lewa i loko o kona mau palapala. O ka holo ana, Husserl hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka poe akeakamai nui. He nui o kona mau haumāna a me nā hoapili i aku la lakou iloko o ka malumalu i keia la, a i kapa no i na hana o Husserl. Nā manaʻo o keia poe akeakamai mea nō pili, e olelo ana i kā lākou me ka unahiʻole nui.

No laila, i hana ai oe i halawai me neia hana hoihoi thinker,'Edemuna Husserl. Pōkole Kawaihae no ia, o ka papa, haawi wale i ka superficial pau loa o kona kālaiʻike. I mea e nui iho la ia ike i kona mau manaʻo, i kapa i na hana o Husserl.