First lio Army ma ke Kanawai War

E kau i ka First lio Army i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Red Army kupaianaha. Kēia kahua, i ola ma 1919-1921 GG., E hoʻokele e e kaua ma kekahi mau fronts o ke Kanawai Kaua. Budyonny lio kaua i loko o ka Donbass, Ukraine, ke Don, Kuban, Caucasus, ma Poland a me ka Crimea. Ma ka Soviet Union First lio loaa kaʻao kūlana haʻahaʻa, i ike e ole i loko o kekahi ma kekahi aoao o ka Red Army.

hanaia'na

Famous First lio Army i hanaia i loko o November 1919. Ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o kona ho okumu i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Aha. Ua like olelo i Iosif Stalin. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka poʻe kaua o lakou mai o ekolu poe, a me ka 1st lio mau pūʻali. He kauoha ma Semen Budenny. Ua i aku la ia nana i alakai i ka hou ho okumu.

Ma ka Ewa o kēia hanana Budennogo koa noho Kastornov ia hoonoho ai i loko o ke kālā no Kursk māhele 'āina. Ka mea, hahai aku la ka emi mau pūʻali Mamontov a me tehasa. Iloko o ke kaua, ua hanaʻino wale i ke kelepona a me ka telegraph laina, no ke aha la Budyonny i ike i kona mea i mea - i ka luna o ka First lio Army. Ma kona oihana hooholo kiʻi i loko o Stary Oskol. Nā lālā o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Council o ka hou ho okumu i kekahi, ua hoonohoia Voroshilov a me Shchadenko. Ka mea mua i mua komo i loko o ka hoʻolālā o ka 10th Red Army, i ka lua i ka hana i loko o ke kahua o ka uuku wahi.

lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe

I ka hoʻomaka o December 1919 hele mai e Budyonny ana Ilamuku Egorov, Stalin, Voroshilov a me Shchadenko. Together ka mea, ua kakauia na inoa o ka mea №1. Pela i hana First lio Army. Ka mea Ua i loko o Velikomikhailovka. I kēia lā, aia no he mea hoʻomanaʻo iau o ka First lio Army.

Ka lānai hou i hana koa i loaʻa ka loiloi mua pomaikai nui i nā lā mua o kona ola. Ma December 7, o ka make i ae keʻokeʻo hauna o Konstantin Mamontov. Valuiki i ia. Aia i ka nui alahao huina, a he mau Loko me a me nā meaʻai. Ua pio Ua i na lio a me ka ukana.

Ma ke kaua no ka Valuiki pakahi aku la ia hanahana loa e ho'āʻo ai, ae kali ana 4th Māhele. E ku e ia ia i kiaʻana i kāna kaumaha ke ahi o ka mea e kahiko ai Loko Ka. I loko nō o kēia, i ka papa hoʻohana smoothly, a puliki iho Valuiki pūhaka.

Ua Ua mua Aey i ka lio, e ana na mea elima lio mau papa. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka nele i ka poʻe ma mua i komo ekolu wale. Nō hoʻi, e like me ka mea i waiwai ai nā māhele infantry a me avtootryad Sverdlov i hou. Ua komo 15 kaa lele me ka mīkini pū. Aia ua Stroeva squadron (12 mokulele). Ua Ua manaoia e makaikai, a kukulu iho la lakou i ka pilina ma waena o nā māhele o ka poe koa. By lio aie me 4 kapa kila Loko: ". Red lio" "Kommunar", "Business", "Make i ka Papa Kuhikuhi" a me ka

Donbass

A lohe o Valuiki i lawe Budyonny loaa hou kauoha: e hele i ka laina Kupyansk - thymine. Ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Council hoʻoholo ihola e pepehi i ka papa kuhikuhiE puupuu ma ke alahao, a me ke kākoʻo - ma ke ala e hiki aku o Pokrovskoye. Ua lawe mai ke kūpono 'loa, e like me ka mea Soviet alakaʻi makau i ka emi White, e luku nui no ka hoʻokele waiwai' ana o ke koʻu. Tightens kaʻa, iaeoaeuiiai eiiieaena, lako hou kumu. December 16th Red Army komo i ka Kupyansk.

Ua hana First lio Army e hakakä pela aku Dobrarmii koa, i ka pomaikai ole oe hoao e hele i Moscow. Ano White aku la, a me kaʻulaʻula, neʻe maila i ka hema a me ka hema-komohanaʻaoʻao, hahai ma enemi o ka Soviet mana.

I Dekemaba, ma mua o ka lio Army hana ua i kela kapa o ka muliwai Seversky Donets River i loko o ka wahi Loskutovka - Nesvetevich. I loko nō o ka hooilo, hau ma luna o ka mea au iʻaʻole ikaika lawa, e halihali i ka mea kaumaha o ka lio a me ka mea kaua. No laila, ka mea, ua 2 aoao e lanakila ma luna o kēia maoli ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai: e hoʻopio i ka hoʻopauʻana o ke alahaka, a kūkulu i kou iho ma kela aoao. White koa kauoha hoouna aku ai i ke kūkulu'ākau kapa o ka muliwai hawaiian koa. I loko nō o kēia, i ke kakahiaka o December 17, o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Council palapala i ka mea e puʻe ke Donets.

First lio Army ua e kālele ana kona mau kapa kila koa, huki i ka hope, koho i ka huakaʻi alahao, hoopiha i ammunition. Ke hana i kekahi mea i kokololio holomua. No ka mea, o keia, ka First lio Army Budenny nui ke kaawale mai ka kokoke aloha regiments. Aka hoi, o ka Seversky Donets nō i boosted. Ua hiki December 23, 1919 ma ka ia manawa i lawe Lisichansk.

Ka pau 'ana o 1919

25-26 December hoomau kaumaha kaua i loko o ke ala e hiki aku Popasnaya. Vela lākou 12 la Infantry Māhele, e neʻe aku me ke kōkua o ke kapa kila Loko Ka. Ma kona alanui e palaha koa o ka 2nd mau pūʻali o ka Kuban. December 26th Māhele hele aku la a hiki i ka laina Popasnaya - Dmitrievka. Ma ka Ia lā 4 la Don lio mau pūʻali Ua kipakuʻia aku ka lono Krinichnaya - Good. By December 27, Red lio maopopo E ke Kumu laina Bakhmut - Popasnaya. White, ia manawa, i hoomakaukau ana e counterattack ma ka pūhaka hema.

Ka haʻalele 'ana ma hope o ka Seversky Donets, First lio wahi a hoomaau ma lalo o ke kauoha Shkuro pūkaua a me Ulagai. December 29 Debalcevo keʻokeʻo hema, a me ka ia lā - a Nikitovka Gorlovka. Ma ka nui kaua kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Alekseev-Leonovo i luku regiments he hapa o ka mahele Markov.

9th Infantry, a me ka 11th lio Māhele hoʻomau i ka mua mai Gorlovka. January 1, 1920, e noho ana i ke koa, a me kona lohe Amvrosievka. Heʻaneʻi Circassian keʻokeʻo mahele i ae mai i ka palaoa pio. Kona koena holo i ka hema-hikina a me ka hema-komohana. Iloko o ka hebedoma hope o 1919 keʻokeʻo pio nalowale 5000 kanaka, a make 3,000 kanaka. Red lio hoopio 170 pu, 24 pu, 10,000 pūpū, 1.5 tausani lio, a me nā koa lako a pan.

By January Donbass loa ka mea, ua ma lalo o Bolshevik hooponopono ana. Kēia lanakila ua ka nui hana ana a me ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI, waiwai a me ka pili aupuni nui. Soviet repubalika loaa komo i ka proletarian densely na kanaka] māhele 'āina, ma ka inexhaustible kumu o ka wahie. Lio wehe no ka mea shortest ala no ka hoouka ma Rostov a me Taganrog.

Rostov

I ka mea hou 1920 First lio Army i kuleana i loko o ke Kiure huina pau o Novocherkassk Rostov-hana a me ka mau wehewehe ana oia i ko lakou mau olelo. January 6 kona poe koa noho Taganrog. Here hoʻohana nui Bolshevik lola honua.

Ma ka lā mua o ka hou makahiki a me Budyonny Shchadenko e möakäka hou i ke kulana hele aku la i ka holomua 'ana o ka papa. Voroshilov Ua manaoia he akamai i loko o ka Donbass, a noho i loko o ka poʻe koa ke keʻena luna ma Chistyakov (i kākau ai i ka hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana i ka hana o ka Donets kīʻaha). Ma Kolpakovke halawai Budyonny me Semyon Timoshenko. Soon i kona kuleana neʻe ma Matveyev Kurgan. Mākou, ae paio ana e pili ana i Generalskoe Bridge. Night January 7 White i ka pomaikai ole oe hoao e counterattack.

January 8th Māhele Tymoshenko mua komo i ka Rostov-ma-Don. Street kaua no ke kūlanakauhale heʻekolu lā. Big kuhihewa ka White poe kiai, e kauoha aku i manao, e hoʻoikaika i ko lākou kūlana pale kulana ma na outskirts o Rostov, akā, e ole e lohe, e hoomalu aku i na wahi e pili ana a me ke kulanakauhale waena. Ke ano ma na alanui o kaʻulaʻula lio ua ai unexpected i na hoa o ka Bolsheviks kaulana Christmas nuipa a.

Ma January 10, me ka hoʻopakeleʻana Tymoshenko hele 33rd Māhele Lewandowski a me Rostov hope i hala i loko o ka lima o ka Bolsheviks. Iloko o ke kaua ma ka noho pio ana, ua ma kahi o 10 tausani 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko. I ka lima o ka Red Army he ōlaʻi i ka pū, elua haneri mīkini pū, a me ka waiwai.

Local hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Council hoouna mai i ka lanakila hoike no Lenin, a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Council o ka Hawaiian Front. Ua Ua hoike ana i lawe Rostov a me Nakhichevan, a keʻokeʻo i kāpaeʻia no Gniloaksayskuyu a me Bataisk. Hooikaika ana i ka ua Hāʻule maila lākou hou ia alualu o kaʻenemi. Ma Aksay White i luku ai i ka i kela kapa o ka Don, a ma Bataysk - ma Koysug. Naʻe, ka mea e hoʻokele i ka hoola i ka ulaula alahaka, a me ke alahao ma ka muliwai ma ka Rostov. Ua kohoia ke kūlanakauhale commandant, ka luna o ka poe koa, a me ka hana i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Komite.

Caucasus

White haʻalele kapa o ka Don a me Donets pa holoi ma hope, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kaua hoʻoneʻe kokoke i ka Caucasus, ma, a hele aku la i ka First lio Army. Iloko o ke Kanawai War, e like Episode redeployment a me ka reassignment i nā fronts ua he nui loa. Ma ka First kau ma luna o Northern Caucasus kaua 8, 9, 10, a me ka 11th Army. White a me kaʻulaʻula, ua like me ka ikaika like, akā, me ka poeikohoia o ka White neʻeʻana i oi lio, a haawi aku ia lakou i ka manawa pono eʻoihana kaʻa.

Kona mua hele ana (ma Platovskaya) Budyonny hoomaka ma 11 February. Ke alanui ua noho pilikia, e like me ke kae hema o ka Sala ua piha ka nele o nā alanui. Ua paa Machine-pū kaʻa ma luna o ka maa aku ai. Na kaa a me ka mea kaua i make i loko o ka mika, ahu iho o ka hou hau. Ka mea, he mea paakiki a me ka lio. Over manawa, Budyonny la kona iho ole, kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka pakahi aku la ke ahonui, a hoomakaukau no ka pilikia ana o ke kaua. Ka mea, laila, komo i loko o? Aneii i paukūʻia mahiʻai o ka First lio Army, ua wehe ma ka Soviet ka'āina.

February 15 lioʻulaʻula i loko o ka breech kahi o ka uwapo kela aoao o ka Manych, a hoomaka ae la e mua ma Shablievku. Red Army i ka lanakila o ka pouli a me ka hele 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko kulana, o na la lakou i unexpected loa. Shablievka Ua lawe pio ae la i ko lakou opu Battalion 1st Kuban mau pūʻali Vladimir Kryzhanovsky.

Egorlyk

Mai Pepeluali 25 a hiki i March 2, hele aku la Egorlykskaya kaua - ka nui lio kaua hana no ka mea holoʻokoʻa Kanawai War. First lio Army i loko o ka mea,ʻeleu loa. Budyonny ua hiki ke hoʻolilo i ka'ōlelo koa o General Kryzhanovsky a me Aleksandra Pavlova. I ka huina helu o ka lio, ka mea i kuleana i loko o ka clash, ua 25 tausani kanaka.

2nd Māhele Tymoshenko, i peʻe ana ma ka poho pela ae e lawelawe ia oe iho i kaʻenemi kolamu, ma hope a ua uhiʻia i ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko i kaumaha mea kaua i ke ahi. Aia ua he ikaika hoouka. White i hookahuli ai, a hoomaka ae la e kuemi hope. Ka mea, ua i ka 4 la Don mau pūʻali.

Ma lalo o General Pavlov he'ē aʻe wahi. Ia iho luna i loko o ke kauoha o ka 2nd mau pūʻali o ka Don. halawai mai la me kēia pūʻulu me ka vanguard o ka 20th Infantry Māhele (koi aʻelaʻo ia i ka Middle Egorlyk). Koke i ke kaua Pavlovians auka 4º lio Māhele lio. 'Imi hoʻohana mea kaua a me ka mīkini pū, ua he nui ana. Budyonny a Voroshilov alakai i ka 1st Brigade, a oki ae la i enemi e pakele ai? Ooia i ka Middle Ergolyku.

Ma ka make kaua i ae ki ikaika keʻokeʻo - Cossack lio. No ka mea, o keia, ka mea, hoomaka ae la he he ākea he kuemi hope mai o ia nei hoa paio o Soviet mana. I ka luna o ka First lio Army i i ole, e lawe ka lanakila o ka pomaikai: kona subordinate māhele noho Stavropol a me Chomutov. Hou alualu o kaʻenemi, nae, ka meheu o ia. Loli weliweli wai thaw.

Kuban

March 13, 1920 Ua ma Egorlykskaya Budyonny i loaa mai i ka mea hou kauoha o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Ahakuka o na Haole Front. Ka pepa na ka mea e aku i kela kapa o ka muliwai Kuban. Ma March 14, ka mua lio, hele mai Ordzhonikidze (he lâlâ o ka Front Koa Council) a me Tukhachevsky (mua luna).

Soon ka poʻe hao wale, hele a hiki i ka hou kai eʻe. Ma na kapa o ka Kuban i luku neo? Aaiiai? Suletana Giray. Emi keʻokeʻo luku loa o ka holo. Akā, me ka hou pontoons, hana hou i kūkuluʻia ai ka loli ana o na alahaka. By March 19 ka First lio ma kela aoao o ka Kuban.

lāʻekolu ma hope, Budyonny hele mai i Maikop. Here ko laua kali ana,ʻelima tausani koa Shevtsova. Ka mea, he-Bolshevik-hoonaaukiekie oe partisans, a oia no ka Black Sea, a Haole pūʻulu. Shevtsova paukū pū i kōkua mai i ka paa ana o Soviet mana ma Tuapse a me Sochi.

Maikop ua nui mai ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI wahi o ke hoomaopopo, i ke kūlanakauhale, e like me ka mea, ua waiwai aila mahinaʻai. Ko lakou poe kiai i hoʻoili 'ana First lio Army. Na Kanawai War ana ia manawa o ka popoiwi wahi. White a emi ana ma luna o nā mea a pau fronts. Maikop ana i ka hope i Budyonny Caucasus.

Poland

Ma ke kupulau o 1920 ka First lio Budyonny koa ua ma ke kaua ana me Poland (nā kumu o ia manawa hoʻohana i ka manawa "Polish alo"). ʻano nui, ka mea, ua hapa o kekahi mau kaua i loko o ka palena o ke aupuni a pau Russian disintegrated.

52 lā Budennogo koa neʻe mai Maikop a hiki i ka Ukrainian kauhale o Uman. I keia manawa i ka hana mau clashes me ka poe koa o ka UNR. I May a me June 1st lio komo i loko o ka Kiev hana o ka Red Army. Ma ka mea mua nā lā o ke kūpono ', ua kauoha aku e eo ai o ka Ataman Kurovskiy.

wawahi ai i ka Polish alo ia ma luna o Iune 5. Koa a me ka poe puhi pu o ka First lio Army komo i ka Zhytomyr. A ki kūlana ma keia pomaikai pâʻani 4th Māhele, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Dmitry Korotchaev. Small Polish poʻe koa i make. Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia he nui Red Army koa mai ka noho pio ana. Ma ka Ia lā i nāʻauamo hema Berdichev.

I ia mau lā o June 1920, i ka luna o ka First lio Army o ka Red Army i hana i kuhikuhi i ke kukuluia'na o ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka mea nui a me nā alanui aeaciui ai. It Budyonny wawahi i ka loulou ma waena o ka Polish poʻe hao wale, i kokua'ē aʻe Soviet koa noho Kiev. I ka hopena o lune, i ka lio i hele mai i loko o Novograd Volyn, a ma luna o Iulai 10 - ma Rivne.

I ka pau ana o Iulai 1920 Budennys hoololiia ma lalo o ka Lions. Eia ka mea, ua koiia mai e ka Western Front (ma mua ka mea, he mau hapa o ka Komohana Hema alo). August 16, ua ua boosted e ka Western pilikia. Nā lā o ka koko kaua no ka Lions. E kū'ē i ka Red Army hoʻohana mokulele a me ka mea e kahiko ai Loko Ka. Events i loko o ka wahi o Lvov hāʻule i loko o ka puke "Pehea ka Steel Ua hui", kākau Nikolaem Ostrovskim.

Red lio i i ku i ke kulanakauhale. Kauoha Tukhachevskogo mua i Lublin, ua haʻalele Lvov wahi. I ka lā hope o Augate, i ua kaua no Zamosc. Eia ka luna o ka First lio Army ma ke Kanawai War Budyonny ua hikiʻole i ka uhai i ka ia'ku o kaʻauamo, a me ka 'ōlelo ma ko lākouʻaoʻao o ka Ukrainians o ka UNR Army.

Crimea

Ma September 1920, Red lio ua ma luna o ka hema alo, kahi i noho ai ke uluāoʻa nei i ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko e hoʻomalu aku i ka Crimea o Wrangel. Hahai ma November Perekop-Chongarsky ana ma lalo o ke kauoha Mihaila Frunze i pau ai ia ula Peninsula.

Ka lio i ka makana nui a hiki i ka lanakila o ka Red Army i loko o nā kaua ma ka Kakhovka bridgehead. Budyonny hana pu me ka Apana lio Army, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Philip Mironov.

Ka hope kaua o ke kahua kaulana e pili ana i ka hooilo o 1920-1921. Ia ka luna o ka First lio Army kekahi manawa hou Led i kona pūʻali kaua e Ukraine, kahi Soviet Aupuni kākoʻo mau i ka paio ana me Makhno. Kēia i ukali ia e hoolilo i ka North Caucasus, ma ke kipi kaua ana ua hee o Mihaila Przhevalskogo. Disbandment o ka First lio Army i wahi i loko o May 1921. Kona ke keʻena luna hoomau i ka hana, a hiki i ka haule ana o ka 1923 Iulai.

Lio E hana 'ia i loko o Rusia i kena ae la e hookeai rearrangements maneuvering kohoʻia, a me ka lehulehu o ka Luna Nui kumu waiwai a me ka ikehu i ka olelo o ka papa kuhikuhiE hoouka. Red lio aloha koke kaua, a me ka mōakāka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kekahi me ka ho okumu a me nā huahelu o lākou iho.

Iosif Stalin, i ka wā e hiki mai ke poo o ka Soviet moku'āina, ua he honorary Red Army i loko o ka First lio (ka mea ia inoa ua Ilamuku Egorov). Ma hope o ke Kanawai War, ka mea kuai i ke kūlana o ka nui he hōʻailona o ka holomua i kaua ai i mau hoa o ka Bolsheviks. Budyonny i waena o ka mua o ka elima Soviet Ilamuku. ia mea no hoi i hookoia ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union ekolu manawa.

I kēia mau lā i loko o ka Rostov māhele Zernogradsky District hana kekahi i paukūʻia mahiʻai o ka First lio Army. Ma Lviv hoʻouka kekahi Budennys kia. Alanui lio i Stary Oskol, Simferopol a me Rostov-ma-Don. ʻO kona mau mea noʻeau kiʻi, ua ikeia no ka ohi Isaaka Babelya pōkole moʻolelo, Film Yefim Dzigan, George a me Vladimir Berezko Lyubomudrova.