Ganglia - He aha ka mea a me ka mea e komo ana?

Ganglia (i ole ia - ganglia) - he lākou o kūikawā keena. Ua ninoieo o ke kino, dendrites a me axons. Lakou, ma ka huli, hai aku i ke aʻalolo keena. No hoi ganglia nā kākoʻo pū iā glial keena. Kā lākou hana mea e hana i kekahi kākoʻo no neurons. E like me ka rula, e uhi i ke aʻalolo ganglia connective'aʻaʻa. Mau huhui waina a lākou i loaʻa ole wale i loko o vertebrates, akā, i loko o kekahi invertebrates. Interconnected ganglia paka luna 'mall kahua. An hana paha e ke kaula 'ole paha knitting. Eia, i ka pauku e e ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka au mamuli mea ganglia like AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ia lŘlŘ ma waena o lākou. Eia hou, e hoemiia Mea Maluna a me ka ano o ka papa kuhikuhiE? Ueo e.

vertebrates

Ganglia nei i loko o kēia mau kanaka i kekahi kūikawā hiʻona. No laila, ka mea e ole hāʻule i loko o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Kekahi kapa aku ia i ka basal ganglia. Naʻe, ka loa pololei kau ua manaoia e ia i ka "Kora naʻEsau". Ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana eiiiiiaiou, a i ka mea hana, mea i ka ai pili aku hehee wale ma waena o nā eiiiiiaiou o ka'emi ko kahua. Mau lāʻau ikiʻai wale i hala aku a me ka pāʻana o hoohana ia ana o kekahi mau kūloko ma nā loko.

Mea Maluna

All ganglia e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau ano. E noonoo oe i ka kumu o. Kaʻia "spinal ganglion" hiehie sensory (afferent) hehee wale. Ka lua oʻano - pakiko-na oihana mua. Ka mea, i hoʻonohonoho i loko o ka lakou mau (autonomic) ko mākou hopohopo kahua. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE nānaina - basal. Lākou mau eiiiiiaiou i ka neural aka wahi mea i loko o ka keʻokeʻo mea. Ua ua hookomoia iloko o ka lolo. I ka hana o ka neurons mea e hooponopono i kekahi ke kino, e like me ka pono me ke kōkua ma ka hoʻokō 'ana o ka ua'emi keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Aia Ua hoi he vegetative type. Ua ho kekahi wahi nā aʻalolo. Kēia hehee ai pili i ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Mau aka wahi holo ma ka spine. Autonomic ganglia, ua uuku loa. Lākou nui i e emi ma mua o ka millimeter, a me ka puaʻa heʻa ala nui me peas. Eia ke ano o ka autonomic ganglia ka rula hooponopono functioning o ka na nā loko, a me ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale hoi o ka makana.

Hoʻohālikelike me ka manawa "plexus"

Nā puke pinepine i loaʻa ka manawa "plexus". Ua hiki ke ke ia me kekahi hua'ōlelo'ālike i ka hua'ōlelo "ganglion". Eia naʻe plexus kapaia kekahi ganglia. Ka mea, a pau loa imua i loko o ka kekahi nui ma luna o ka paʻa wahi. A ganglion - he ami 'āpana o synaptic hui' ana.

ko mākou hopohopo kahua

Mai ke kuanaʻike o ka 'anatomia i mea elua o konaʻano. Ka mua ua kapaʻia ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. O nā i ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula. Ka lua oʻano mea he lākou o nā aka wahi, nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū a me nā aʻalolo lākou iā lākou iho. Kēia eiiieaena ua kapaʻia kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.

Ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana hana i ka neural Tube a me ka ganglion una honua. Ma ka hapa mua o ka puniu wale no nā lolo mai sensory nā loko a hiki i ke kumu māhele - ka spinal kaula. Ganglion papa ia ke spinal, autonomic eiiiiiaiou a me chromaffin'aʻaʻa. Ko mākou hopohopo'aʻaʻa ole like me ka manawa o ka'ōnaehana kālai'āina i ka lakou mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke kino.

Overview

Ganglia - ka hui o nā aʻalolo keena, ma o aku o na palena o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Aia vegetative a me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi? Ueo. e hiki mai ana i na kumu o ka spinal kaula a me ka cranial nā aʻalolo ka la mahope o ka moana. Ke kinona o ka spinal mokuna kohu ka kālī. He ua hoʻopuniʻia i ka iwi o connective'aʻaʻa. Ua i komo i ka'āina iho, oiai e paa ana i ke koko moku. Ke aʻalolo keena ma ka spinalʻaha kanaka, ao alohilohi a me ka nui nui, na nuclei i hoopuni distinguishable. Neurons kuahene pūʻulu. Nā eiiiiiaiou o ka spinal waena wahi i keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā aʻalolo keena, a me ka interlayer endoneurium. Keʻano o ka hanaʻana dendrites olalo-ikepili koʻikoʻi ciia i loko o ka spinal nā aʻalolo, a me ka 'ōlelo ma kaʻike ākea kuleana, kahi a lakou i receptors. Ua pinepine ka hana o ka hou 'ana o ka bipolar neurons ma psevdounipolyarnye. Keia ia lŘlŘ i kā lākou maturation. Mai psevdounipolyarnogo neuron mai kaʻina, i ka wili aeea. He delimited ma afferent, iʻikeʻia me "dendritic" a me ka efferent, a - axonal, kauwahi.

Dendrites a me axons

i kapa komo iā ia kēia mau hale a me ka myelin wahi, eiiiiiaiou a i neyrolemmotsity. ʻO nā aʻalolo keena o ka spinalʻaha kanaka oligodendroglial keena a puni ka inoa e like me glia keenaʻaʻahu, paʻakai glia keena a me aeee ukali. Mau kumu, ua uuku loa poepoe nuclei. Eia hou, i ka iwi poai puni i kēia mau keena, mai ka connective'aʻaʻa mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. Kona eiiiiiaiou oko mai nā'ololaha nuclei. Biologically hana konohiki i kakauiaʻi ma nā aʻalolo keena o ka spinal paena, acetylcholine, glutamicʻakika, P. waiwai

Vegetative ole standalone 'ole

Hana nona iho ganglia i ke aupuni 'o kekahi mau wahi. Mua, kokoke i ka spine (ka mea, he paravertebral hale). Ka lua, ma mua o ka spine (prevertebral). Eia hou, e ku-wale huahelu, a i kekahi manawa i loaʻa i loko o nā paia o nā nā loko. No ka laʻana, i ka naau, i ka bronchi a me ka bladder. Mau ganglia i kapaia kūloko. Kekahiʻano mea kokoke i ka ili o na nā loko. Me ka hana nona iho nāʻoihana e pili ana preganglionic nā aʻalolo olona. Ka mea, i appendages o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana neurons. Vegetative huhui waina a lākou, ua māheleʻia i loko o nā 'ano: ka kōkua aloha, a me ka parasympathetic. Aneane pau nā loko loaa postganglionic olona, i mai aeee i i e noho i loko o nā 'ano o nā hale vegetative. Akā, i ka hopena e neurons ÿokoÿa ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka huhui. Ke'ī mai, i ke aloha o hana ke hoʻoikaika i ka naau, i ka wa o ka parasympathetic 'aʻole hoʻi ia.

'ole

Nānā 'ole o ka' ano o ka hana nona iho wahi kanu'ōiwi nā mea aneane'ālike. Kēlā me kēia 'ole uhi ka connective'aʻaʻa wahī. Ke vegetative aka wahi, he mea kūikawā neurons kapaia "multipolar". Ka mea, i kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia ka hana kinona, a me ka wahi o ka nucleus. Aia neurons me ka mau Kora naʻEsau a me na keena me ka hoonuiia helu o chromosomes. Neural keena a me kā lākou mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana encapsulated, eiiiiiaiou o a nō ka ukali glial keena. Ka mea, i kapaʻia glial kapa. Ma ka luna, ahu iho o ka iwiʻili lahilahi ua hoopuniia e connective'aʻaʻa.

kūloko 'ole

Kēia mau neurons pu me ka mea lawelawe mau kuamoo, i hiki e metasympathetic he hapa o ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. E like me ke histologist Dogel mawaena o kūloko ano o nā hale e kilakila ekolu ano o aeee. Ka mua nā dlinnoaksonnye efferent hehee wale I kikokiko. Mau keena e nui neurons kona dendrites loa a me ka pōkole axon. No ka ravnootroschatyh afferent nā aʻalolo ke keʻena ua wehewehe aku ma ka lōʻihi, a dendrites a me axon. A associative neurons interconnected keena o ka mau ano mua.

Kaʻike ākea'ōnaehana

I ka hana o na nā aʻalolo e i ke kamaʻilio no ka mea spinal nā aʻalolo ioauoa o ka lolo a me nā aʻalolo hale. Oihana mua o ka'ōnaehana pāʻani aku ma ka mea o connective'aʻaʻa. Nā aʻalolo-oaio? A - o ka wahi kuleana no ka manaʻoe hana 'ikepili. Aneane pau na hale a manaoia komo o nā afferent olona, a no ka efferent. E hoʻopaʻa i ka olona,, i, maoli, nā aʻalolo, hiki no i wale na nā hale e i hoomaluia e ka uila hō'īpale myelin wahī. Ka mea, i keia manawa a me ka poe o ia "aloha" ka mea i ole. Eia kekahi, ua kaawale ma connective'aʻaʻa ke aʻalolo puluniu, ahu iho. Ua Ua kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka looseness a me ka fibrous. Ka inoa o kēia ahu iho endoneurium. Ua loaʻa he uuku ka nui o keena, ka nui loa o reticular olona, hoʻohui pū collagen. Ma keia'aʻaʻa ua uuku na koko hue. Kekahi kaola o nā aʻalolo olona, hoopuni iho la i kekahi, ahu iho o connective'aʻaʻa - perineurium. Kona eiiiiiaiou i successively hoonohonoho keena a me collagen olona. Mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, o Hoamakeikekula ka holoʻokoʻa nā aʻalolo kumu (kapa epineurium) i hana mai connective'aʻaʻa. Ua, ma ka huli, waiwai fibroblasts keena, macrophages a me ka momona eiiiiiaiou. Ua loaʻa moku koko mai nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale.