Gertrude Stein: Kawaihae, nā kaha puana'ī, buke

Gertrude Stein hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me he mea ho'ākamai a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni moʻokalaleo. Kēia wahine i lawe ma ke ola i ka manaʻo o ke ku okoa ana mai ka kānāwai kūmau, e pili ana i ko lakou iho. Wā ma ke akea hoino aku la no ia, a Kalanimanuia iā ia no kona kipi ano. Akā, i kēia lā, Gertrude Stein o ka hae o ka holumua ai ka manaʻo a me ka paionia o modernism. ʻO wai ka ia a me ka mea a Mānoa pâʻani 'o loko o ka mōʻaukala o kēia nō?

Kawaihae

Pepeluali 3, 1874 he kaikamahine i hanauia ma ka liʻiliʻi 'Amelika kulanakauhale o Allegheny. Ua hele mai kekahi waiwai Iudaio ohana, a ua i ka lua o ke keiki. Kona makua kāne i ua ana komo i kūkuluʻia a me maoli waiwai pāʻoihana a koke amassed he kohu kūpono kapikala, a me nā keiki i lawa no ke ola.

Girl inoa Gertrude. Mai ka manawa'ōpio wale nō ia i hōʻike iā ia iho e like me ke keiki akamai, hele aku la i ka maikai haumāna ma ke kula, a ma luna o ke aʻo o kona makua kāne i ke kulanui, kahi i aʻo aiʻike manaʻo a me ka laau lapaau. Naʻe, ka mea, ua malihini no ia, a me ka pilina me kona makua kāne, ua niniʻia. Ua lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi ma waena o nā moʻomeheu mau poo, elua - Paris a me Vienna, Gertrude Stein koke i manao ai i kaʻono no ka maikai.

Ke kue i ka ho'āʻo 'ia iho, me ka make ana o ko lakou mau makua. Gertrude a me kona kaikuaʻana Leo i keiki makua nui. Mua, oia haʻalele i ke ola o ko lākou makuwahine, mai Ka maʻi 'aʻai, laila, make a me kona makua kāne. Ano, ua haʻalele ia lakou iho i ka Stein opiopio me ka nui a me ka hoʻoilina a eia i loaʻa mai i kaʻohana hana.

Leo neʻe iā Paris, malaila i ka haehaeʻia he uuku keʻena i loko o ke alanui Fleurus, 27. Soon haalele kula ma hope, a ua neʻe aku i kona kaikuahine. Mai ia manawa hoʻomaka he puahiohio noʻeau ola o Gertrude.

Cubby Staynov no Lukemapuka Gardens koke lilo i bohemian awa. Leo i kekahi manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni no oe a komo i ka kūʻai a me kaʻohiʻana i pena o Artists loea akā,ʻaʻole i kūpono ka hana i loko o ka hou ala (Cubism).

Gertrude Stein mawaena o Parisian ka pilina ke kaena i ka kiʻekiʻe aestheticʻaiʻana a me ka flair. Ua Ua hoʻonaʻauao, akamai, a ma ka mea hookahi manawa me ka pahi elelo, no laila, i kona manao, aole wale hoolohe mai, akā, i makau no ka mea, i kekahi manawa. Ua ua hooeueuia lakou a kākoʻo nui ka pukaʻana Artists a me nā kākau moʻolelo hui pūʻia a puni ona maoli makakū hoa kanaka. I loko nō o kēia lehulehu hana, Gertrude uku manawa, a iho mea kākau o ka ano akamai, eia nae,ʻaʻole koke i mahaloʻia e manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

mau loa aloha

Ma ka pilikino ola o ke ku okoa ana-puni Amelika au i ka wahine e like mea he makemake ko sorority. Ua loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ke kane hoa, akā, i kona naau no wale i Alice Toklas. Ka mea, hui i ka 1907, a mai laila hou hookaawale. Alice huakaʻi hele i Europa, a Paris hoʻoholo e hālāwai compatriot. Ka halawai hoao fateful. Auʻia, e pili ana i kā lākou pili a pau o Paris. Ua ua he oluolu hakaka ke kaiāulu. Ka hui, ua inseparable a hiki i ka make ana o Gertrude.

Luna Nui-makuwahine o modernism

Ma ka moʻokalaleo, Stein ua ikeia me he mea ho'ākamai. Ua i i manaʻo e pili ana i ke kaila o ka nanea a me ka manawa ho okolohua me ka hāʻina o nā haʻawina, nä hopuna, kekahi henua aphorisms. E like me kona hoa, ka artist Picasso, Gertrude Stein Ua oi hopohopo e pili ana i ka palapala, a i ka maʻiʻo. I mea kekahi o ka mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻokalaleo hoomaka ae la e hana moʻolelo 'ana i kūpono o ke kahawai o ka ike paka i ole punctuation. He kēia mea e like ai - e hōʻike hou facets o ka olelo - hope i hana i ka hookumu ana o ke modernism, a me ka loa kākau moʻolelo i kapa kaila Kiure makuwahine.

I loko nō o nā koi o ka manawa a me na mooolelo i hoʻokumu i loko o ka moʻokalaleo, Gertrude Stein i makemake ole i ka ke hakuloli i kā lākou puke i haku ai, eia nae caustic manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka mea kākau kaumaha loa eha. Ua ikaika makemake e e ike i kona wa e ola ana, akā, wā, manao iho la ia i nā akua.

Pepeiaohao nui na buke a me nā kaha puana'ī

Stein ka palapala, ai 'hana ua pinepine hōʻike' ia me ka pena. O kela hua'ōlelo i loko o ka hana e like HW haukaʻe, e moe ai ma luna o ka pepa, canvas a me kela mea keia mea like. Pepeiaohao nui na buke Gertrudy Stayn ( "Ida", "Three ke ola") i kākau pili kēia ma lalo o ka aoao o ka poʻokela Classics (Shakespeare, Flaubert), a me ka mea a pau i ka pilina me ka Contemporary moʻolelo (Hemingway, Fitzgerald), a me na mea ana i ua hoa, a kākoʻo. He He kū hoʻokahi hoʻololi kemikala o Europa, a me ka 'Amelika avant-gardeʻono. Ma waho aʻeo i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia mea heluhelu i poetry, haʻi'ōlelo ma moʻokalaleo, a kaulana olelo mea kākau a me ka ho'ākamai.

noʻonoʻo loi

Kekahi o kona mau hana mua, i kākau 'ia ma 1909, ua ka puke "Ekolu mau ola." Gertrude Stein maila e pili ana i ka hopena o ka ekolu wahine, ekolu huapalapala. I ka hana i wahi ma Amerika, i Bridgepoint. Ka kakou kamailio ana ua hala loa ia laua ke hoopaa, ma hope ka mea loaa i ka manawa " 'ehaʻeha o anesthesia". Kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka hoʻohana 'ana i mea hoʻopili Ana Aina, me ka pena, kuhikuhi mai i ka aoao o ka Farani pena Cezanne i ka pili ana heroine Anna Good. Poeko Ka Mooolelo O a me ka hamama mau sexy heroine Melankty haawi mai i ka pono, e hoopanee i ka aloha Stein a me Picasso. Akā, i ka aoao o ka Fauves Matisse ua ikeia loa ke hākilo loa i loko o ke ano NU YOKA Lena.

I ka 1937, hele mai kekahi nui puke. Ua ua he oluolu moʻolelo o kona ola ana, i ua ole koke hoʻoholo i Gertrude Stein. "Nova iho o kela a me keia" - i ka inoa i haawiia i ka huina hoonui. Ma ka 'aoʻao o ka puke i ka mea heluhelu, e ole ike wale me na milestones, kanaka, a inā pilikia ka haumāna i loko o ka mea kākau o ka ola, akā, i kona hoʻoponopono-ʻia. Ka puke wehewehe i au mamuli Stein hele i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o 30 makahiki 'kahi e, a me ka loli mea i hanaia ma ka aina. Ua piha ka playful a me ka enigmatic aphorisms, a ua ai inventive Gertrude Stein Ka hana. Kaha puana'ī mai kona hana, ma ke alanui - o ka hookaawale ao, a me ka Puzzle i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

iaia

1940 ua i haliu ae la ia wahi no ka pau o Farani. I ka hana ma na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, i ke kaua ma ka manawa lolo i ka noʻeau ola o Paris. Gertrude ka wahi i huikau e ka mea ia ia ua poe Iudaio. Ua Ua noi e waiho no i kekahi manawa, akā, i kona wā i ua mua he wahine kahiko, i kona hoʻoholoʻana e hilinaʻi hopena, a noho i loko o ka hale aupuni. I ka makahiki 1944, hoomaka ae la e hoole i ka makau kulana, a me ka mea kākau, hoi malu i kona hanau Paris. Eia naʻe,ʻelua makahiki ma hope Gertrude Stein hahauʻike, - Ka maʻi 'aʻai. I hoʻopakeleʻia mai ai i ka eha wale Morphine. July 27 ke ehuehu o ka hana nui. Kona naau hiki ole ke ku i ka mea kākau moʻolelo ...

Ma ke ola o Gertrude Stein aole loaa lehulehu iaia. No kona mauʻana a me ka pau ana 'ho okolohua kona loaa kahakaha, betrayal a me ka'āponoʻole. Wale nō i loko o ka muliwai, o ka hope kenekulia o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i olelo ikaika. Gertrudy Stayn puke i unuhi 'ia i loko o nā' ōlelo, a me Russian, a hui me ka gula dala o ka honua no oe. A kākau ihola iā ia iho ke koko, me he Classic o 'Amelika moʻokalaleo.

kukakuka iho oe

Ua ua he nunui-faceted kanaka, a ma ka mea ia manawa pohihihi. Stein olelo ma ke akea, noa mai ka hoʻokaeʻili, akā, 'ikepili i ka noʻonoʻo loi o' ē aʻe. Oia kekahi contradictory kanaka wale hiki ole hele unnoticed ma na haku o ke akamai. No laila, Paul Chelischev (Lūkini i hoʻokumu o mystical surrealism) hoʻohana i ke kiʻi o Gertrude no ka kākau canvases "ʻike manaʻo". No emi kaulana hana o ka "Makuahine o Gertrude Stein" - o ka honua nei, hana Pablo Pikasso.

Mea kākau makamake nui i loko o ka ho film: i loko o ka hiʻona ho film "modernists" (1987), i loko o Woody Allen ka "AiON ma Palika" (2011). Gertrude ka kiʻi mea i loaʻa i loko o moʻokalaleo: Hemingway ka "A Moveable ahaaina" a me Satterthwaite "Masquerade". Ma ka poetic ölelo Pelekänia Stein mele ma ka 'Amelika i ka haku mele Virgil Thompson i waiho i loko o kekahi mau makahiki (1934), a Dzheymsom Tinni (1970). I kēia lā i loko o New York, Bryant Park, mea he kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

• I loko o ka hale o Gertrudy Stayn ho'āʻo e kiʻi nui Artists o ka manawa. ʻO wai ka mea huli i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka'ōlelo aʻo, kekahi no kākoʻo, ka mea no ka "pono" noʻonoʻo loi. Kona kaulana hoaʻai,ʻo Ernest Hemingway a me Skott Fitsdzherald, a Gertrude ka wehewehena o ka "nalowale hanauna" Stein i haawi ia ia iho - kakahiakaʻoihana kaua kanaka i hiki ole loaʻa i ko lakou wahi i loko o ke ola.
• i i'āpono nā kaikuaʻana o Gertrude Leo Stayn o ka olelo hooholo, e noho me ka kaikuahine Alice Toklas. Heʻia maila kona mau palapala i loko o ka mālama o ka hale ma luna o ke alanui Fleurus, a uhai i kaʻohana pilina me Gertrude.
• I loko nō o ka mea i Gertrude Stein ua no ka nui'ōpiopio geniuses o no oe i mea alakaʻi mai hoku, a me ka waiwai kahi o kaʻimi naʻauao ike, o ko lakou mau palapala tālena ua auhau, nonoi, a me na mea he nui ikaika loa hana pinepine mai i loaa i kekahi pane mai o ka lehulehu. Poho i ka ikaika e ka mea ia ia nanea i ka mahalo a me ka manaʻo mahalo o kona "i nä haumäna" oiai ka mea, ua inexperienced. Ma hope o ka loaa ana iaia, pinepine ka mea, wawahi iho la i noho alohaʻana, a hiki negatively olelo e pili ana i ke kanaka o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.