He aha ka interspecific Competition? examples

Heluna kālaikaiaola - he 'epekema ka hoʻopaʻi e kukakuka i ke' ano o ka pili ma waena o ola meaola no i kekahi mau populations. Kekahi ano o ia AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN mea interspecific Competition. Ma kēia 'atikala e nānā mākou i kona hiʻona, kumu hoohalike o ka hanana o ka paio no ka ?? eoi? Ee, ka meaʻai a me nā abiotic aʻe ma ka meaola i noho i loko o ke kino a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni biogeotsinozah.

? Ueo a me kona? Aneeo ano

Iloko o ka mōʻaukala kūpono 'ana o liluwelo taxa (pūʻulu me ka pono ole paha, ka') hakuloli i abiotic a biotic aʻe ano. Ka mua, nā ke aniau, ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka aina, ka wai a me ke ea, etc., a me ka lua o ka - .. i ka hopena o kekahi mau laha' o ke ola ma ka mea 'ē aʻe.

Kanaka o kekahi? Ueo noho i loko o kekahi mau wahi o habitats unevenly. Lākou mau huhui waina a lākou i kapaʻia populations. Community o kekahi 'ano o ka paʻa hui' ana me nā populations o'ē aʻe? Ueo. Ua Ho'ākāka 'kona kulana i loko o nā kaiaola, a ua kapaia ka ? Aneeo niche.

Interspecific Competition, he laʻana o ka mea e e kūkākūkā i loko o ka 'atikala, ua lawe mai' ana i loko o ka wahi o ka overlapping papa koa oʻano o ka noho 'ana a me ka hiki ke alakai i ka ia'na o ka heluna kanaka o kekahi o ia mau mea. No ka laʻana, ma G. Gause ho okolohua Lūkiniʻepekema Ua ulu mauʻano o nā ciliates ma kekahi meakino. Kekahi o ia mau mea, hoomaka ae la e 'Imi proliferate a ulu ma ka lilo ana o kekahi. E like me ka hopena, he nawaliwali palapala loa eliminated ka (ole) no 20 lā.

He aha ka ka hopena o overlapping mau

Inā ka ?? eoi? O nāʻano o ka kaianoho koholā i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka biotope merge ma waena o ke kanaka ai ka haohao ana ikaika lawa oko ao i loko o ka mawaho 'ole, i ka manawa o ka puberty, a penei kekahi. Ka mea, i kapaʻia ka offset hiʻona.

Ma ka periphery o ka wahi noho ma meaola o? Ueony hoʻokahi wale, e converged lākou populations me ke kaiāulu, na poe ma kanaka o kekahi? Ueo. It E e kaulana ia i loko o ka lua o ka hihia ma waena o populations mea kokoke i interspecific Competition. Laʻana me finches ike i loko o ka Galapagos Islands o Charles Darwin i kona holo ana a puni ka honua ma luna o ka ol ' "Beagle" - he maopopo e hooiaio ai.

Ke kānāwai o ka hoʻok & loa

Ka luna-i oleloia nä känaka 'epekema G. Gause ua kālaiʻia nui? Aneie kānāwai: inā ka trophic a me nā populations o nā pono o nāʻano o ka ia, i kēia mau taxa e hoʻokūkū ana. He hou eliminates lākou coexistence ma ka ia kaianoho koholā, e like me ia lŘlŘ therebetween interspecies Competition. An kumu i wehewehe ia - a lewa kēnā heleuma i ka helu o ke kukū ai, rudd a me ka pine poʻomuku-ai i loko o ka ia loko iʻa. Pine poʻomuku fry i oiʻeleu a me ka voracious, no laila, ka mea ana pau ka opiopio kukū ai a me ka rudd.

Sympatric a allopatric taxa

ala ae la lakou me ka hopena o ia ho io Geographic speciation. E hoomanao i? Ueo kapa allopatric. I mea e wehewehe i ka mea o ko lākou mau helehelena, e hoʻohana i kaʻikepili ma geology a me ka paleogeography. Specimens o ia nā kaiāulu hoʻokūkū ikaika lawa, no ka mea, e noi mai ana i ka ia ai nā kumu waiwai. Ua Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma interspecific Competition keia kāna moʻolelo.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka holoholona waiho kokoke ana i Geographic speciation, - he 'Amelika' Ākau beaver a me ka mink. Mau haneri tausani makahiki aku nei, i pili ma ka aina kuka Asia a me North America.

Ma ka pelapela a, i noho ma kanaka maoli? Ueo o rodents. I ka ua i ka Bering pilikia, i ka Euro-hawaiian a me Amelika populations o kēia mau holoholona me ka hopena o ka divergence i hana i ka hou? Ueony, hoʻokūkū ana i kekahi i kekahi. Nä mea ma waena o na kanaka o na populations i hoʻokāʻoi 'like me ka hopena o ka pohupani hale ano.

Ua mea hiki e ho'ēmi i interspecific Competition?

Möakäka hou hookahi hou ia ka heluna kālaikaiaola interspecific Competition - ia mea he pilina o ka meaola no a hiki i ka populations o kekahi mau? Ueo a me ka noi ana like kumuwaiwai e pono ai no kā lākou 'eleu. Kēia paha ia i ka wa pokole kaianoho koholā, malamalama, ona mau, a, o ka papa, i ka ai.

Ma lalo o maoli rula, ke kaiāulu o kaʻokoʻa taxa e kaʻana i ka aina kahi a me ka meaʻai kumu ke emi ka puʻe o Competition i loko o kekahi mau aoao. Pehea, laila, ua hoemiia interspecific Competition? Laʻana - he mahele o ka laulā, i hiki aku ai i nāʻano likeʻole o kaʻai waterfowl - pelikana, a me ka shag. Ina e ola ka mea, ma luna o ka mea waiwai, akā, kanaka o ka heluna o na? Ueo muaʻai nō ma luna o benthic invertebrates a me ka iʻa ano, a me ka lua o ka - huli no kaʻai i loko o ke keena wai papa.

No ka autotrophic meaola ua i wehewehe aku e interspecific Competition. 'O kekahi mea kanu, ke kākoʻo nui mitigation hoike ana mai o ka paio no ka noho ana - he herbaceous? Ueo a me ka laau ke ano. Kēia mau populations i ka multilevel aa'ōnaehana mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo kaawale ana o ka honua papa, a i mea kanu omoʻia ka wai a me nā minelala hao. Mea kanu ho okumu i litter (Anemone Ranunculaceae, kikokiko, bearberry) i taproot loa, mai kekahi mau millimeters i 10 mau kenimika, a me perennial laau? Ueony o gymnosperms a me flowering mea kanu - mai 1,2 m + i 3.5 m.

'ākeʻakeʻa Competition

Keia palapala ia lŘlŘ ka wā okoa laha 'hoʻohana i ka ia? Aneie ololi a me nā kumu waiwai i. Loa pinepine ka mea, o ka pono ai lako. Nā mea kolo, e like mea kanu a me nā holoholona, e like me ka pono he ākea interspecific Competition.

E wehewehe ano he kumu hoʻohālike, a Photos o ka hoʻokolohua hōʻike ma lalo P. Park ao, lawe mai ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua ana. Nā kānakaʻepekema i hoʻohana mau 'ano o insect ho okolohua, no ka ohana Tenebrionidae - Muchnik (mealworms).

Kanaka o kēia mau? Ueo komo i loko o ka Competition no ka ai (kaʻepa palaoa,) a he Moana ('ūhini lele meʻai kekahi? Ueo).

I lūmaua ho okolohua i hoʻololi abiotic aʻe: ka mahana a me ka humidity. Ka mea, hoʻololi ka likelihood o dominance ka noho 'ana o kekahi' ole ka 'ē aʻe ano. Ma hope o kekahi kōā o ka manawa i loko o kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni 'ia (pahu me kaʻepa palaoa, i) i loaʻa specimens o hoʻokahi wale nō ano a me kekahi - loa ka nalowale.

hana ana Competition

Ua kupu ana ma ka hopena o ka paio purposeful o meaola o nāʻano likeʻole o ka abiotic aʻe i mea ma ka palena iki: ai, ?? eoi? Ee. An laʻana o ia i keʻano o? Aneeo hana kūleʻa - ka ai o ka manu o ke okoa laha 'ma ka ia laau, akā, i loko o kona tiers likeʻole.

Penei, interspecies Competition - mea ma ka kālaimeaola mauʻano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o meaola, i hiki aku ai i:

• he kumu kaawale o populations o kekahi laha 'o non-'ālike? aneeo niches;
• ka expulsion liʻiliʻi loa kekahi ano o ka ea biogeotsinoza;
• i piha ellimanatsii kanaka i loko o ka heluna kanaka hoʻokūkū ana taxon.

? Aneeo niche a me kona hoʻokau ', pili i ka interspecific Competition

? Aneeo haʻawina ike ia biogeotsinozy he poe no laila, he nui? Aneeo niches o na mea he nui laha 'e noho ana i loko o ke kaiaola. Na spatially kokoke loa? Aneeo niche kaiaulu nui taxa i loko o ka biotope, me ka ikaika i ko lakou mau paio no ka maikaʻi rula o ke kaiapuni.

• ?? eoi?;
• ai kumu;
• ana o ka heluna kanaka ola.

Mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE kiko'î a ekolu o ka maoli? Aneeo niche noho. Ua hoʻohaiki ana paʻa pololei o ke ola o ka lehulehu, e like me parasitism, Competition, predation, kaianoho koholā kapu, ka ho'ēmiʻana o kaʻai kumu waiwai.

? Aneie puʻe ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka biotope mea like penei:

• layering i loko o ka poʻe'ē he ulu lāʻau;
• likeʻole habitats o larvae a me nā mākua. No laila, i ka dragonfly naiads noho ma luna o wai kanu a me imago ua E ke Kumu o ka lewa i hoʻolilo 'ia; i loko o ka May uhini lele larvae noho i loko o ka luna papa o ka aina, a me ka makua nā mea kolo e noho ana i loko o ka lepo-ea ka lewa.

A pau o kēiaʻike manaʻo i emi iho e like me ka mea i interspecific Competition. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka holoholona a me ka mea kanu hōʻike mai iā ia ma luna hoʻopaʻa i kēia.

interspecific Competition hualoaʻa

E noonoo i ka laha kŰia ma ke ano maoli, wehewehe aku me interspecific Competition. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike - kālaimeaola a me ka kālaikaiaola (me kona pauku) - hoike mai me kēia kaʻina hana i loko o ka papa o ka meaola i pili i ke aupuni o ke fungi a me nā mea kanu, e like me ia ma ka holoholona aupuni.

Ma ka hopena o ka interspecific Competition pili coexistence a me ka hakahaka o? Ueony a? Aneeo differentiation. Ke kŰia mua ua'ōʻia i ka manawa a me ka pili laha 'i loko o ke kaiaola mai i hoʻonui i ko lakou nui, me he mea he mau ololi i loko o ka pilikia ka pua o ka heluna kanaka. Hope o ka? Ueony, ma muli o nā kānāwai o ka hoʻok & loa o ka lōʻihi ano o ka puʻe hou ea, a sertilnogo ano mea inevitably hiki aku ai i ka make ana o kekahi kanaka - he competitor.

? Aneie differentiation (divergence) hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka uuku hoonohonoho hou ana, hoomaikai hana kūikawā? Ueo. Ka mea, i hoʻokū pono ia i ka kela mau wahi o ka huina huahelu, ma laila nō ia e pōmaikaʻi ai (ma ka hua'ōlelo o nā ano a me nā'ōlelo, no kou kino).

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka differentiation o ka hoʻokūkū ana? Ueo mau ho'ēmi i kā lākou aaiaoe variability, a me ka lawelawe ana i ka nui makeʻe kulana'ōewe wai puna. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i loko o kēia mau kaiaulu, ka stabilizing ke ano o maoli koho, e Kīwala'ō 'ōkuhi disruptive a me kona mau manao.