He aha ka keʻano o nā oxides

E ka kamailio e pili ana pehea e ho oholo i ka ano o ka'okesaside. E hoʻomaka me ka, mea a pau 'ona hiki ke subdivided i loko o nā pūʻulu: poe noonoo ole a me ka eiiieaena. Simple waiwai hoʻolaha i ke hooheheeia, a nonmetals. Complex hui i maheleia i eha papa: na kumu, oxides, paʻakai, nāʻakika.

ka wehewehena

Mai ke ano o na oxides mea kalele iho ma luna o lākou haku mele 'ana, e hoʻomaka i ka ho'ākāka' ana i keia ano o ka'okanikaʻole waiwai. Oxides i eiiieaena waiwai e komo ana i nā oihana mua. Ke peculiarity o ka mea i o oxygen ua mau aia i loko o nā koi lua o ka (hope) hehee ai.

Ka loa, he pono ole kekahi ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ~ o o oxygen me ka noonoo ole 'ona (ke hooheheeia, nonmetals). No ka laʻana, i hanaʻia ma ka naoh o makanekiuma me ka o oxygen, makanekiuma'okesaside, hoike walaʻauʻana waiwai.

nomenclature

Ano oxides hilinaʻi nui ma luna o lākou haku mele 'ana. Aia i kekahi mau rula e kahea aku i kēia mau waiwai.

Inā ka metala'okesaside ua hanaʻia e ka papa kuhikuhiE subgroups valency uaʻaʻole i hōʻike. No ka laʻana, kalipuna'okesaside CaO. Inā ma ka hui ana o na metala mua o ia he subgroup, a i ka ee iaaanu aey valence, ka mea pono e hōʻikeʻia hoʻi i ka Roma numeral. Ua kauʻia ma hope o ka hui inoa i loko o parentheses. No ka laʻana, ka mea, he hao oxides (2) a me (3). E hoolilo ana i haʻilula oxides, e hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia i ke dala o ka'okesaside mea pono e 'Aʻohe.

Mea Maluna

pehea ke ano oxides hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka degere o ka'okesaside noonoo. Ke hooheheeia me ka'okesaside helu o +1 a me +2, kuahene walaʻauʻana oxides me ka oxygen. A kekahi hiʻona o kēia hui o ka walaʻauʻana ano o na oxides. Mau hui chemically pane koke me ka paʻakai-ho okumu i oxides, nonmetals, ho okumu i ka paakai me ia. Nō hoʻi, ke kumu o oxides pane koke me kaʻakika. Ke naoh huahana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hoʻomaka pono i laweʻia i loko o ka mea.

Ole-i eliiaʻi a me nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia me ka'okesaside +4 i +7, kuahene oxides me ka o oxygenʻakika. Ano oxides komo ai naoh me ke kumu (mekala 'åkilikai). Ka hopena o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN hilinaʻi nui ma luna i ka nui o ka palapala mekala 'åkilikai i ia. Ma kona i emi kanaʻakika ka paʻakai i hanaʻia e like me ka naoh huahana. No ka laʻana, ma ka naoh o kalapona monoxide (4) me ka paʻakai hydroxide i hana paʻakai hydrogencarbonate (ʻakika paakai).

I Ina o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kaʻakika me ka oi ana o ka'okesaside naoh huahana o ka mekala 'åkilikai ka paʻakai, e manao (paʻakai kalepona). Anoʻakika oxides hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka degere o ka'okesaside.

Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o ka oxides paʻakai-ho okumu i (ma i ka degere o ka'okesaside o ka hehee ai, ua like ia me ka hui helu) e like me ka indifferent oxides mea i hiki ke ho okumu i paʻakai.

amphoteric oxides

Aia i kekahi waiwai o ka amphotericʻano o oxides. Kona o Mānoa, ke moe i loko o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kēia mau i huiʻia me nāʻakika a me alkalis. He aha oxides ho'āʻo pālua (amphoteric) waiwai? Mau nā aeaie metala hui me ka'okesaside helu +3, a me oxides o beryllium, kiniki.

Nā Papahana no ka hoomakaukau

Aia i kela ano no ka hana oxides. Ka loa, he pono ole kekahi ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ~ o o oxygen me ka noonoo ole 'ona (ke hooheheeia, nonmetals). No ka laʻana, i hanaʻia ma ka naoh o makanekiuma me ka o oxygen, makanekiuma'okesaside, hoike walaʻauʻana waiwai.

I loaa ka oxides hiki e eiiieaena, a me ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka waiwai me ka hakakino ka oxygen. No ka laʻana, i'ā o ka pyrite (hao sulfide 2) hiki ke loaa pololei mau oxides: luaipele a me ka hao.

Kekahi koho noonoo loaa oxides paakai decomposition naoh o ka o oxygen-i loaʻa nāʻakika. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoomakaukauia decomposition o ka pōhaku paʻapuna kalapona'okikene lua a me ka kalipuna'okesaside (ola Lime).

Ka hoʻokumu a me ka amphoteric oxides i hana i ka decomposition o insoluble kumu. No ka laʻana, ka calcination o ka hao hydroxide (3) ua hanaʻia o ka hao'okesaside (3), e like me ka wai ka ohu.

ka hopena

Oxides i ka papa o ka'okanikaʻole waiwai me ke akea hanalima palapala noi. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana hana, mea lāʻau lapaʻau hana, lapaʻau.

Eia kekahi, amphoteric oxides mea pinepine ia i loko o ke aloha hoʻololi kemikala like catalysts (accelerators Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana).