He aha ka ke mesoderm, a me ka mea o kona ulu ana?

Embryogenesis - he luna 'kaʻina hana, a ua wehewehe aku ma gradual ho okumu ana o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. Most multicellular meaola, ka germ o ka embryo ninoieo o ekolu mau papa: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm. He aha ka ke mesoderm? A me chitin iwi o arthropods a me na epidermis o kaʻili, a me ko mākou hopohopo nenoaia mea o ka ectodermal kumu. Digestive, endocrine a me ka ÷ naehana hanu nenoai i hana mai i ka endoderm. Pehea, laila, nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa haawi ala i ka mesoderm? E like me ka mea, ua hana?

He aha ka ke mesoderm. ka wehewehena

Kekahi'aʻaʻa a hui,'ōnaehana ua hana mai i kekahi mau 'aeea ahu iho la ka ka embryo. He aha ka ke mesoderm? I kālaimeaola, i ka ho'ākāka 'ana o ia mea, o kekahi o ka germ papa, mai a ma embryogenesis i hanaʻia i ka helu o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. Lua o ka inoa mesoderm - mezoblast. I ka ho okumu ana o keia ahu iho la ka typical no ka hapanui multicellular holoholona (koe nae: ke 'ano o ka lole, a me ka' ano Coelenterates).

Mesoderm aia ma waena o ka ectoderm a me ka endoderm. Kēlā me kēia no ka mea kokoke germ papa ke komo i loko o ke kahua o ka mezoblasta. Alaila, ma ka hānauʻana i nāʻano o ka wati waena,ʻakahi germ, ahu iho: entomesoderm, ekzomezoderma. Aia i kekahi wahi, i hiki ai i ke kahua mezoblasta komo koke nā hale.

Mesoderm me he kuokoa embryonic lau ua hanaʻia ma ke kahua o ka gastrulation.

Mesoderm ho okumu. Hiʻona o ka ho okumu

He aha ka ke mesoderm? Ma kālaimeaola, ka mea, ua hilahila i kēlā me kēia hui, o ka multicellular holoholona embryogenesis i hana kekahi o ka germ papa. Ho okumu ana o mesoderm - typical aramorfoz type flatworms .. No laila, i ka i hana i ka mua oiaio waena germinal, ahu iho. E kikokiko huahuakai a me ka 'ano Coelenterates i' elele bilayer holoholona ma ka embryogenesis hana wale ectoderm a me ka endoderm.

Pehea o ke kahua o ka mesoderm?

He ekolu aoao o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana mezoblasta.

1. Teloblastichesky. Protostomes ano o na holoholona. Kēlā me kēia aeea ua hana mai mesoderm teloblastov a moe ma waena o ecto- a me ka endoderm. E like me ka hopena mau holehole mai ai ma ka mesoderm germ embryo.
2. Enterocoel. Kēia hana o ka ho okumu ana o ka mesoderm mea typical no ka hapanui deuterostome (kruglorotnye, ka iʻa, amphibians). Mesoderm aeee i hana mai hoʻokaʻawale pauku o ka primitive gut.
3. Mai ka ectoderm. Oia kekahi papa hana i ua loaʻa i loko o mea kolo, a me nā manu mammals. Kona peculiarity mea i ka mesoderm ua hanaʻia ma invagination o ka ectoderm.

Ka 'ole o ka mesoderm

He aha hoʻi ka mesoderm? Kēia mea,ʻaʻole pono he lālā o'ālike keena, a differentiated i loko o ooieoeiiaeuiiai kekahi mau oihana o ka hua, ahu iho. Kaawale mezoblasta ia lŘlŘ i nā, kūpono ma nā kēia mau wahi ku mai:

1. Somites - hui kaulua lipine-e like ho okumu, ma waena a ua hana i ka pau - he haumāna kino lua. Hoomau anei oukou ma ka annelids a me arthropods.
2. Ke kumu o ka notochord - kuka mesoderm, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ka chord. A kiʻiona hiʻona o vertebrates.
3. Ma vertebrates, ua hana somites mai kēlā me kēia sclerotome, dermatitis a me ka myotome.
4. Splanchnotome -ʻaoʻao papa i subdivided i loko o nā okoa papa: ka loko a me ka mawaho. Therebetween ma vertebrates ua hana pono.
5. Nephrotomy - hui kaulua 'ole ai pili aku splanhnostomy.

Ma hope o kēlā me kēia māhele ina hookolokolo o germ, ahu iho, ua hiki ke hooholo i mea ka mesoderm, a me ka mea hana ka mea hanaʻia e maopopo i nā kānakaʻepekema.

histogenesis

Mesoderm haawi ala i kekahi mauʻano o nā'aʻaʻa.

1. Parenchyma flatworms, a hoopiha ae hoi i ka makahiki ma waena o ke kino. Ua hana mai ke mesoderm.
2. Kekahi epithelial nā'aʻaʻa e uhi ana i na kino mawaho. Mau nā secretory keena, endocrine a me ka exocrine gland.
3. Mesoderm hoʻonoho papa iā ia mai e wehe ai i fibrous a me ke kaumaha o fibrous connective'aʻaʻa. Me ho okumu ana o collagen a me ka laholio olona.
4. Ke koko aeee no hoi i hana mai i ka mesoderm.
5. Iwi, a me ka cartilage'aʻaʻa, kā lākou mau constituent oihana mua ka mea, ua mesodermal kêia kanaka.
6. By analogy me ka hanaʻia, ke kumu o ke koko, mesoderm i kekahi ke komo pū o loko o ke kahua o ke keena o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.
7. Kela ano keia ano o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa. Laumania nāʻiʻo i waiho i loko o ka pā pōhaku o ka hapanui o nā loko. Striated olona, i mall oihana mua o ka skeletal nāʻiʻo. Mai poina e pili ana i ka striated cardiac Muscle'aʻaʻa, a 'ano apau loa o ka naau Muscle.

organogenesis

Nā'aʻaʻa hana nā loko, no laila,ʻaʻole paʻakikī e koho i mea e o ka mesodermal kumu. Ua hāʻawiʻia ka Mea Maluna ma kahua mesoderm:

• dermatomes - palapala ili dermis (hou a me sebaceous glands i ka hapa o ka ili i ka ikeia.);
• sclerotomes i hana mai i ka OE hapa o ka musculoskeletal appatara (iwi);
• o myotomes pakahi, - i kaʻeleu hapa o ka musculoskeletal'ōnaehana (nāʻiʻo);
• splanhnostomy haawi ala i ka mesothelium - he hookahi, ahu iho epithelium i laina i ka haumāna lua o ke kino;
• nephrostomy keena hana i ka excretory a me ka reproductive kahua.

Provisory nā loko o mesodermal me Kinohi

Pono ke kuai, e hai ka poe a nā loko mea e ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ontogeny ua lilo ma hope o ka hana ana mai o kona mana. Ka mea, ua kapaia lakou he provisionally. Mau nā:

1. Amnion - kekahi o na membranes o ka embryo, i hanaʻia kekahi mau nui i hana '. Ka mua mea e ho okumu i ka wai 'ia no ka hooulu ana o ka fetus. Ke kumu o ia ke kahua o ke kino e paʻa i loko o ka wai. No ka vertebrates e noho ana ma luna o ka'āina, i ka wai i loko o keia hihia o ka ke kaupalenaʻana ololi, no laila, i kēia iwi i hana i loko o ka papa o ka evolution. Amnion hoi i malama i ka hua, mai poho, kākoʻo meakino ma ka malama ana i ka ikaika paakai lehulehu ma kekahi mau 'ilikai, a me kekahi' ano ua ālai ka embryo, mai ka hopena o kaʻawahia waiwai.
2. Allantois - kekahi embryo kino i hanaʻia nā ka mana o ke kino a me ka hanu. By me Kinohi He outgrowth o ka yolk sac, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea, ua hoi i hanaʻia ma keena o ka endoderm a me ka mesoderm. I kānaka i ka allantois Ua emi e hoʻomōhala ana i mua o nā lālā 'ē aʻe o ka vertebrate, akā, ma luna o ia mau ipu koko, a laila hāʻule i loko o ka piko'aʻaʻa.
3. Ke yolk sac. Keia? Aiaiiuie ia ke kino o ia ka inoa o ke kupono māhuaola no ke kūpono 'ana o ke fetus. Ma ke kahua o ka yolk sac mesoderm keena a me ke komo pū o, a me ka endoderm. An hana hoihoi hiʻona o ke kahua o ke kino i loko o ia no ka mea mua koko keena o ke kino.
4. Ka piko (piko) - hoʻohuiʻia ka embryo a me ke keiki.
5. Chorion - i ka iwi o ka embryo, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka IeIIeYOA i ka uterus a me ka placenta ho okumu.
6. Placenta - ka mea wale nō hui, i loko o ke kanaka nā'aʻaʻa hoʻonoho papa iā o mau meaola: i ka makuwahine, a me ka fetus. Mai ke koko mai o makuwahine ma ke keiki i ka embryo ke launa i ka māhuaola a me ka oxygen.

oihana mesoderm

Ua noonoo mākou i mesoderm. He aha nō ka mana o ke germ, ahu iho?

Mesoderm hooulu ana i 'ae' flatworms hoʻopiha i loko o nā wahi i wāhiʻia ma waena o nā kino o ka parenchymal'aʻaʻa. I hou aku holomua meaola parenchyma ole, akā, i ka loina hooponopono hoi i 'ano like: mesodermal ka molekumu o nā'aʻaʻa palapala i ka palena papa ma waena o ke kino. Mezoblasta nui hana o ke kahua o? Aiaiiuie nā loko o ka embryo (allantois, i ka piko, keiki, a pela aku ...) hoʻi mesoderm aeee i hana i ka maloko a puni, o ka'aʻaʻa, ke koko a me ka lymph.

ka hopena

Ano, e hiki loa ana e wehewehe i ka mesoderm. Her hoʻonaʻauao i 'ae' holoholona e hoʻoneʻe i ka hou kahua o ka? Acaeoey, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma ke kumu o na mea he nui nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. Eia kekahi, i ke kahua o ka amnioticʻili lahilahi, kena ae la i kekahi qualitative ua lele akula nō i loko o ka ulu ana o vertebrates. Nolaila, ke mesoderm mea he nui evolutionary hehee ai.