He aha ka ke Nine Inch hehee wale? Ka'ōnaehana a me ke ano o ka Nine Inch hehee wale

A hailona ana o kekahi mau mea a me ka mea, Animated a me ka mea ola kino o ke ano a puni mākou. A me ka mea a pau i kā lākou haku mele 'ana,' ole, ka waiwai. I ola mea i puka mai ai luna 'biochemical reactions e pili ana i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke ola. Lifeless kino hana okoa oihana ma ke ano maoli, a ola biomass i eiiieaena hakakino a me ka'ātoma 'ole.

Akā, a pau ma ka Honua mau mea i kekahi, he pono ole hiʻona: ka mea, i haku no na mea he nui moku mall (particles) kapaʻia nā'ātoma o Nine Inch hehee wale. He uuku ia i ka maka kapa ole aole ike ole ia. He aha ka ke Nine Inch hehee wale? He aha ka mea, ano i, a pehea ia iʻike nō o ko lākou ola? E ho'āʻo i ka maopopo.

Ka manaʻo o Nine Inch oihana mua

Kaʻike mau ka naauao o ka Nine Inch hehee - ia mea wale nō ka mea kiʻi 'ia nā'ātoma. Na (particles) e e i na mea a pau e koe ma ke ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ia mea i ka nīnau "He aha ka ka Nine Inch hehee" ke haawi aku i ka pane. Kēia liʻiliʻi eiiieaena nā hale a pau isotopes o nā'ātoma pu, i ka hui e like me ka inoa ka kona mea kiʻi hōʻailona (ano).

I kēia lā ma kahi o 118 ikeia hehee wale i ka mea i nanaia na ma ka vivo like hoʻi me synthetically ma ka hana nukelea reactions o radioactive palaho o nuclei'ē aʻe nā'ātoma. Kēlā me kēia mea, i ka lākou o nā 'ano, i ko lakou wahi i loko o ka nohona ma'ōnaehana, i ka weheʻana o ka moʻolelo a me ka inoa, a me kekahi hanaʻia i ke kūlana i loko o ke' ano a me ke ola o ka poe ola mea. Ka like ana o kēia mau hiʻona ua hana i loko o ka 'epekema o kemika. Nine hehee wale - o ke kumu no ka hana o nā lātoma nā noonoo ole a me ka luna 'i huiʻia, a pela Nine Inch hana kūleʻa.

Mōʻaukala o ka Kaka

I ka loa me ka naauao o ka mea Nine Inch hehee wale, ia mea wale nō i loko o ka XVII kenekulia ma ka hana o Boyle. Ua ua ia i ka mea mua i olelo mai ai no kēia manaʻo, a haawi aku la ia i ka ho'ākāka 'ana kēia. Ua uuku indivisible alodio waiwai, o ka a he mea a pau, a me nā mea a pau i ka luna '.

Ma mua o kēia hana i Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka manao o na alchemists, uaʻae i ka kumumanaʻo o ka eha hehee - Empidokla a me Aristotle, e like me hamama ka "combustible hoʻomaka" (luaipele), a me "ka hoʻomaka o ka metala" (Mercury).

Kokoke i ka XVIII kenekulia i ua hoopomaikai io loa erroneous pähola 'o ka phlogiston. Eia naʻe, ma ka pau ana o keia wā, Antuan Loran Lavuaze hoao iho la ia ia ia mea untenable. Ua 'oe a hoʻomanaʻo Boyle, akā, ke hoʻoholo' ia kona ho'āʻo mua i systematize a pau i ike i ka manawa hehee wale, ka mahele ana ia i loko o eha pūʻulu: ke hooheheeia radicals honua nonmetals.

O kekahi nui mua i loko o ka hoʻomaopopo mea Nine Inch hehee wale, e HaleakaLā. He ua aie ia me ka loaʻa o'ātoma nuipa a. Ma keia kumu, e hāʻawi i ka mea o ka hoʻoulu'ātoma nui kekahi hapa o ka ike Nine Inch hehee wale.

Steadily kokololio hooulu ana o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea hou e leie aku oe e hana i ka helu o discoveries o hou nā kumumea i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o maoli kino. No laila, ma 1869 - nā puke i haku ai nui o ka manawa D. I. Mendeleeva - 'epekema i ike o ke ola o ka 63 hehee wale. I ka hana o ka Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema i ka mea mua loa a me ka wa pau ole-hoʻokahua Mea Maluna o kēia mau (particles).

Ka 'ole o ka Nine Inch hehee wale i ka manawa i ole, ua hoʻokumu. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka'Ātoma mea indivisible, ka mea, o ka mea uuku pa alima. Me ka loaʻa o ka radioactivity ua maopopo i ka mea, ua maheleia i loko o manageable pauku. Ua aneane kela kanaka keia kanaka, ke'ī mai nei i loko o ka palapala o kekahi mau maoli isotopes (like (particles) akā, me he okoa helu o neutrons hale, i loli aʻe, mai ka'ātoma nuipa a). Ke'ī mai, ma ka waena o ka hope ke kenekulia, pomaikai ae la lakou i ka hoomaopopo ana i ka mea o ka manaʻo o kekahi Nine Inch hehee ai.

Ka'ōnaehana o Nine Inch oihana mua

Ke kumu o ke nä känaka 'epekema i ke koena unuhi i loko o'ātoma nuipa a e hoʻokele i ka maikaʻi loa aku, e hooponopono i ka ike Nine Inch kumu ma ka mea o ka hoʻoulu. Naʻe, i ka hohonu a me ka brilliance o kona 'epekema manaʻo a me ka kilo ua i Mendeleyev waiho hakahaka hakahaka ma luna o kou nenoaiu, hamama keena no ka manawa i ike ole hehee wale, a, e like me nä känaka' epekema, e wehe i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e.

A me na mea a pau huli mai e like me ia i olelo mai. Ke Nine Inch oihana mua o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika manawa piha i ka nele keena. kēlā me kēia wānanaʻepekema 'ole i ua weheia. Ano, ua maluhia olelo hiki i ka nenoaiu o Nine Inch hehee wale ua poe e 118 huahelu. Naʻe, i ka hope ekolu puka i ole i ua kauoha aku hookupaa iho la ia.

Ma ona iho, ke nenoaiu o Nine Inch oihana mua e hōʻike 'graphically papaʻaina i loko o i i hoonohonoho oihana mua e like me kā lākou hierarchical waiwai' āhewa 'ana Kora naʻEsau, a mall hiʻona o ka huina'ine leho o nā'ātoma. No laila, he mau manawa (7 na apana) - papamoe lalani, pūʻulu (8 na apana) - vertical, iiaciiie-pae (ka nui a me ka sideline loko o kēlā me kēia pae). Ka hapanui pinepine kaawale ma ka lalo papa o ka papaʻaina i hoʻouna 'ia lālaniʻelua o nāʻohana - na lanthanides a me actinides.

Mendeleev ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana kekahi mau mea a pau i ka mea e pono ai ka 'ike e pili ana i ka Nine Inch hehee wale (o ka pūkaʻina helu, nuipa a helu, ka inoa, i kekahi manawa i hala o ka papa o ka lolouila' ole).

Part inoa

Ke kuleana, e haawi i ka inoa i haawiia i ke kanaka nana i ka loaʻa o ke Nine Inch hehee ai. He nui ka poe i kapaʻia ma hope o ka Honua (uranium, plutonium, neptunium). Kekahi poe e ae i haawiia mai i ka inoa i loko o ka hanohano o na haumana nui (mendelevium, Rutherford, Copernicium a me na mea e ae).

pinepine hehee wale i ka inoa hope o na kulanakauhale a me na aukanaka a pau (ruthenium, germanium, Dubna, France, 'Eulopa a me na mea e ae). I ka olelo hoopomaikai no e malama me mythical meʻe (promethium). Ua mea i like kŰia ka wā e hāʻawiʻia i kekahi inoa ma luna o nā waiwai hōʻike ma ka mea a me ka luna 'waiwai o ka haawi mai hehee ai (hydrogen, oxygen, kalapona).

ua kakauia na inoa i loko o Roma, akā, ma kā mākou aina he mea unuhi i ka Lūkini o ko lākou entrenched ka puana. Ka hōʻailona o kēlā me kēia hehee ai ua manaoia e ia i ka mua palapala o ka Roma olelo, a me ka mea mua a me kekahi hope. Eia kekahi laʻana: kalipuna (Ca) - pōhaku, boron (B) - Boron.

Ano Nine Inch hehee ai nā'ātoma

Kēlā me kēia 'elele o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana i kona mau' ano i loko o ka 'ole, a ma ka ulu waiwai. Ano Nine Inch hehee ai haku o ka haku mele 'Ikepili o kona nucleus a me ka lolouila mau papa e like me ka ho'ākāka' ana o ka mea waiwai, ua hana iho la lakou, a me ka luna 'i huiʻia.

Haku mele 'ana nucleus nā'ātoma o Nine Inch hehee wale ka loaʻa o ka ai iiiaanoaa o (particles) - nucleons:

• protons hoomaopopo ana kona maikaʻi kauoha (P ^{+ 1),} a me ka hapa o ka'ātoma nui;
• neutrons ka heluna i ka hū helu o ka hehee ai, a loaa ole kauoha (N ^0).

Kekahiʻano o ka (particles) - electrons. Ka mea, hele nei a puni ka kāna mau 'ōlelo, a i ka hopena maikaʻi' āhewa 'ana (e ^-1). ko lakou kohoʻia mea ole chaotic, akā, pololei kauoha. Ka mea, i aia ma luna o nā orbitals (s, p, b, a f), a hana sublevels a me nā pae (lolouila papa).

Ke'ātoma nuipa o ka hehee ai ua i mai o protons a me neutrons, ka totality o i ua kapaia "nuipa a helu". Ka helu o nā protons ua ho'ākāka 'loa wale - ka mea, ua like no ka ordinal helu o ka hehee ai i loko o ke kahua. A me ka'Ātoma i loko o mau -'ōnaehana electroneutral, a laila me kekahi o ka malama, i ka helu o ka hopena maikaʻi 'electrons ka manawa e like me ka helu o ka maikaʻi (particles) protons.

Penei, i ke ano o ka Nine Inch hehee ai hiki ke haawiia mai ma kona kulana i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu. Ma hope o ka halepaahao ua ho'ākāka 'ia maʻaneʻane nō nā mea a pau: o ka pūkaʻina helu, a' o ia hoʻi i electrons a me protons, ka'ātoma kaumaha (ka awelike waiwai o nā mea a pau? Ueony isotopes o ka hehee ai). Ua hiki ke ike i i ua hōʻike ka 'ole (ma keia hope aku, i ka electrons e e ke aupuni' o me na papa). Ua mea i hiki ke kilokilo i ka helu o ka hopena maikaʻi '(particles) a hiki i ka hope o ka ikehu pae no na kumu mua ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu - ka mea, ua like no ka hui helu i loko i ka ukana o ka moana.

ka helu o nā neutrons hiki ke pōpilikia ma ka unuhi mai i ka nui o protons, oa pūkaʻina helu. Pela, ua hiki ke kiʻi, a e ka mea a pau huina'ine diffraction haʻilula no kēlā me kēia hehee ai e e pono noonoo kona 'ole a me ka hōʻike i ka hiki loa ana o'okesaside , a hōʻike mai i nā waiwai.

Hoi o ka makana nā kumumea i loko o ke ano maoli

I ka like o kēia pukana i Ua he 'epekema - pokole kemika. Nā 'ikepili e hōʻike ana i ka puunaue ana o hehee wale ma luna o ka Honua ma hope o ka ia kumu i loko o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka malamalama nuclei, kaumaha a me ka meakino nā'ātoma i nukelea reactions lawe wahi i loko o hoku - nucleosynthesis. Ma muli o keʻano o ka hanaʻana i kēia mau, ke ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a ma waho a puni ua hoomakaukau i ka Honua a me nā mea a pau i loaʻa Nine Inch hehee wale.

A huina o 118 loa-ikeia laʻelaʻe 'o maoli kumu, i loaʻa kanaka 89. Ua mea pono kīvila kanaka, ka loa, he pono ole nā'ātoma. Nine hehee wale i kekahi synthesized artificially ma neutron bombardment o nuclei (nucleosynthesis ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua ana).

Ua oi aku ka nui i manaoia na mea waiwai o ka oihana mua e like me naikokene, oxygen, hydrogen. Kalapona ua komo i loko o nā mea a pau ke aloha 'ona, a no ia mea, hoi kaua i alakaʻi o kūlana.

Mea Maluna o ka lolouila 'ole o nā'ātoma

Kekahi o ka loa e like me ka Mea Maluna o nā mea a pau i ka Nine Inch hehee wale - i ka puunaue ana o ia mau mea ma luna o ke kumu o ka uila 'ole. Ma i ka nui o ikehu pae me loko o ka iwi o ka'Ātoma, a iloko ona i kakauia i ka hope o ia mau mea i ka valence electrons, he mea eha pūʻulu o ka oihana mua.

S-kumu mua

He poʻe ma i ka la mahope ua piha mau-orbital. Kēia 'ohana nā nā kumu o ka pae mua o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu (' ole mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia). Wale kekahi huina'ine i loko o ka pā 'ilikai Ho'ākāka' ka like waiwai o na elele o nā ikaika hoemi konohiki.

P-kumu mua

A huina o 30 apana. Valence electrons ke aupuni 'ma ka P-sublayer. Eia na kumu mua i lilo i ka papa kuhikuhiE subgroups o ke kolu i ka walu o ka hui pili i 3,4,5,6 manawa. I waena o lākou ma laila nō nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a typical mea hao oihana mua ma luna o ka waiwai.

b-. f-kumu mua, a hehee wale

Ua hoʻololi i eliiaʻi mai ka 4 a hiki i 7 lōʻihi wā. 32 'ikamu i ka huina. Simple waiwai ke ho'āʻo nāʻakika a me ka walaʻauʻana waiwai ('okesaside a me ka ho'ēmiʻana). Nō hoʻi, amphoteric, oa duality.

K. F-ohana ka loaʻa o ka lanthanides a me actinides, ma a na electrons nō ma luna o ka hope. F-orbitals.

Waiwai i hanaʻia e nā kumu mua: na mea

No hoi, a pau papa o Nine Inch oihana mua hiki o? Ueony i loko o ka palapala o ka poe noonoo ole a me ka luna 'i huiʻia. Penei, hemahema hoi manaoia e e ka poe a pau i hana mai i ka mea 'ole i loko o kekahi mea. No ka laʻana, ka mea O ₂ - a oxygen ma dioxygen a me O ₃ -'okikene kolu. O kŰia ua kapaia allotropes.

Simple Nine Inch hehee wale ka ia inoa ho okumu i hui ano no kēlā me kēia 'elele o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu. Akā, ka mea, ua i nā mea a pau e like me ka hōʻike nō ia o ka waiwai. Pela, eia na mea waiwai i eliiaʻi a me nonmetals. Ka mea mua nui subgroups kuahene he 1-3 pūʻulu a me nā mea a pau subgroups ma kaʻaoʻao papa. Ole-i eliiaʻi no hoi i hana i ka nui subgroup o 4-7 eiiaiaeu. Kaʻewalu walaʻauʻana oihana mua i kūikawā - hanohano a inert kinoea.

I waena o nā mea a pau hamama ma na mea hehee ike i keia la ma lalo o maʻamau olelo o 11 kinoea, wai 'ona 2 (bromine a me ka Mercury), a me nā mea a pau'ē aʻe - paa.

eiiieaena hui

I ka poe i maliuia mai ai i nā mea a pau, a iloko o elua a oi Nine Inch hehee wale. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka nuipa, no ka mea, na Nine Inch, ua oi mamua o 2 miliona! Keia paʻakai, oxides, nāʻakika a me nā kumu, luna 'luna' i huiʻia, a pau ke aloha 'ona.