He aha ka ke serf - ka etymology a me ka mōʻaukala o kona hoʻohana

E hoʻomanaʻo i ke kea kaulana, mai ke aloha "Ivan", ka mea hoʻololi i kona oihana: "Eʻaneʻane leʻa hoʻi i ka hanohano lede, serf?" "Oh, e tramp, kino pimple, i paumaele, kua'āina"!? Mākou, Hawaii Puzzle maʻakaʻaka pū Yakin (Michael Pugovkina), mahalo i ka mea weliweli (Yuri Yakovlev), akā, i ka wa a ke lawelawe i ka hou 'ana i heluhelu i ka palaho Comedy Bulgakov, ua huki hoʻolohe i ka'ōlelo nui, i ka mea hana ka palapala.

I pilau iaʻu i pilau iaʻu discord

ʻO kēia ka mea heluhelu, koke poina i ka haʻawina o ia i ke kula kumuhana e like mōʻaukala, paha i koke, a olelo i na mea he pelapela kua'āina, a he oiaio, ua nana ia mea. Akā, i ka 'ike, o ka papa, ka mea e e hoihoi' ai i loaʻa mai i loko o keia aoao i kapaia e noho ana ka mea kahiko Lūkini moku'āina, a me ka koe o nā aliʻi (boyars) a me na clergy. Ie ma lalo o kēia manaʻo hoʻohuʻu kanaka ikona, poʻe kālepa a me artisans, roving clowns a me kanaka, e like me kauwa. Pela ka mea i ka serf? Keia makaainana, ke kanaka plebeian kumu. Eia naʻe, ma manawa, o ka olelo i ma luna o kekahi mau semantics.

kua'āina nīnau

Ano, no kekahi clarification. Ke kauwa ma Rusia he hookahi kaawale poe mahiai. A laila, e like me enslavement, ua māheleʻia ka mea, i loko oʻekolu waeʻano: "People", "kauā", "smerdy". "People" i kapaʻia me ka mea nona boyars kanaka o haʻahaʻa hanau. E like me ka "Lūkini Make" (ho'āʻo i ka loio i palapala XI-XVI kenekulia), ina kekahi pepehi he noa ke kanaka, a ua loaa, ia pono uku i ka hoopai 40 hryvnia. A ka mea he serf, ina kona ola ua oi ole aku ma mua o ke ola ana o ke kauwa (kauwa) - 5 hryvnia? No hoi, e huli mai, he kauwa. Wai? Prince, oa Boyar.

Ka waeʻano o serfs hoomaka i nā e hoʻohuli i a me ka poe paa ole-mahiʻai kauwa, ka poe e hookauwaia like lawelawe stratification a me ka ulu ana o ka pae aina. Kēia manaʻo He typical no ka manawa o Kievan Rus.

Serf "i loko o ka Novgorod"

Novgorod Lepupalika ua he kūikawā ?? eoi? Ee. A me na rula ia hana ma luna o kou iho. He aha mea he serf ma lalo o kūloko kānāwai? Kēia mahiai, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka moku'āina ma mua o ka mea nāna ponoi. Alaila, hoomaka iho la keia waeʻano e lawe a pau o na kauwa. Ma Rusia ka mea, o ka hu o ka waeʻano oi aku ka nui o ka kanaka. Ka moku'āina haawi mai ia mau mea e kukaʻi o ka'āina, no ka mea, i smerdy uku i loko o ka waihona kālā o na auhau, a me na luna - pono "ma ke ano":. Ai, ka lole, wildlife ka hale, a no laila, ma luna o D. To ola i na kauwa i loko o nā kauhale (mai ka hua'ōlelo "noho", oa. Hawaii. "noho"). E pili ana i kona mau makahiki XV manawa "smerdy" UAIAaIN e "mahiʻai." A mahope mai o ka poʻe kaua pūʻali koa i mea mai ka makaainana kanaka, ma na manawa o Ivana Groznogo , a ma hope i kapaʻia kēia hua'ōlelo hana kūlana kanaka.

Na palapala (kauoha, memo, palapala, noi) o ka manawa ka mea, ua kauoha aku'āpono palapala wā Ua haawiia i ke alii o ka poe koa. Ma hope o kekahi mau kenekulia, ua lilo ka manaʻo o "serf" he contemptuous, kokoke e pejorative inoa serfs a me nā maka'āinana. Ma ke ala, i ka lā o nā aliʻi hakakā ka mea, ua ho'ākāka 'ia, a laila, e mai o ka hoʻohana' ana i ka hua'ōlelo "osmerdit": lawe pio i poe kauwa i ka Haku-ʻenemi.

A oi e pili ana i ka etymology a me ka hua'ōlelo 'ae hoʻohana

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ke kumu o ka olelo, ka mea e pili ana i ka Indo-Europa 'ōlelo pae. Lexical hou 'mākou i nānā'. Ua koe e olelo hou aku e pili ana i ka mālie semantic cia i loaa i loko o ka papa o ka pono. Mai ka hua'ōlelo "serf" Ua hana ka verb "e pilau," 'o ia hoʻi, "Pilau aku ai au". Ka mea i loko o na pupupu, i noho ma ka ilihune kauwa a me nā kauā-kauwa, kauo iho la oia i ka wahi puka aniani bullish Oe, mai i liu ea. Ua hahana loa umu "i loko o kaʻeleʻele" uahi ua māhunehune hiki ana mai o ka pa, a pau prokurivaya ma. A hopena o Akuma ka, ka hooilo, a i kakahiaka nui pūnāwai, a me ka poʻe i loko o nā pupupu, a mālama nā manuʻaiʻia e nā holoholona. Ua mea akaka i ka "ʻono" smerd ke honi i ka mile aku. Nolaila, ma manawa, i ka hua'ōlelo "serf" kahi o ka "aina" hele mai e olelo i kaʻino, untidy, kā ke kanaka. Hoikehonua, hua'ōlelo'ālike - "noho."