He aha ke kani o ho'okahi makahiki? 'Ike kiko'ī

Hō'ike ka'atikala e pili ana i ka'ōniwi o ka makahiki, pehea ia, kahi e hiki ai ke loa'a, a'o ka'epekema e komo i ka nānā'ana i nā apo.

'O nā lā'au a me ke ola

Ua ho'okumu'ia ka ola ma ko mākou honua a no ka nui o nā'ano, a'o kekahi o lākou ka hana kūmole maika'i o ka lewa. A i'ole, i ka nui o ke oxygen. Hā'awi lākou iā mākou i nā mea kanu e komo i carbon dioxide, ho'opau'ia e nā mea ola. I kēia manawa,'o nā'āina i ho'onui a ho'onui'ia e nānā pono i ka moku o ko lākou ulu lā'au, e like me ka ho'okumu'ana i nā papa'āina kahi e hiki ai iā'oe ke hālāwai me nā kumu kahiko. He mea maika'i'ole kēia i ka mana'o maika'i, akā, no ka mea,'o ka po'e'epekema, ke a'o'ana iā lākou, e'ike i nā manawa lō'ihi, a ua ho'oholo'ia nā makahiki o nā lā'au me ke kōkua o nā apo lima. Akā, he aha ke kani o ka mīkini kālā, no ke aha i ho'okumu'ia ai a ma hea kahi'ē a'e o nā kumulā'au? 'O kēia ka mea e nānā aku ai kākou ma kēia'atikala.

Ka wehewehe

Ho'ohui'ia nā'āpana o ka makahiki, a me nā papahana makahiki, he mau'ano o ka ulu o ka ulu o ka mea kanu ma waena o nā mea kanu a me kekahi'ano'ano meaola e like me nā ha'ani a me nā mollusks. 'O ko lākou helehelena no ka nui o ka mahana a me kekahi mau kumu'ē a'e. I kēia manawa ua'ike mākou i ke'ano o ke kani.

Akā,'o nā'ano'oihana'oi aku i'oi aku ka maika'i a me ka ho'opuka'ia i nā makahiki i mālama'ia i loko o nā mea kanu o kahi'ano hilina'i. 'O nā mea ulu ma kahi o ka temperate, ke ho'ohui'ia nā lā o ka ulu'ana o ke kauwela o ka cambium me ka manawa ho'omaha i ke kauwela o ka ho'oilo o ka makahiki. Inā mākou e kama'ilio e pili ana i ke'ano o nā apo, e ho'oka'awale'ia kēlā me kēia a'elua i loko o ka pō: pouli a mālamalama. 'O nā lā'au Coniferous he mea nui i ka'ike pono'ia o kā lākou mau lima makahiki, no ka mea, ua'ōlelo'ia ka malu o ka lā'au i hana'ia i hope. I kēia manawa,'ike mākou he aha ka'ōnike ho'okahi makahiki. 'Imi lākou i ka'ike'epekema e like me ke'ano mo'o'ōlelo.

'O Dendrochronology

'O Dendrochronology kahi'ōlelo a'o'epekema e pili ana i ka ho'okūkū o nā hanana, nā hanana o ke'ano a me nā'ike'au'au e loa'a ma muli o nā ha'awina o nā'āpana lā'au a me nā mea ola'ē a'e i loa'a iā lākou.

No ka laʻana, ka mea iaoia loa mau hoʻohana 'ia e ho oholo i ka makahiki o kekahi' ikamu a me na hale o ka wahie ma luna o ka makahiki apo.

Me nā mea e pili ana i ka'epekema a me ka mea e hana ai, ua'ōhumu mākou. I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou i ka ho'ohui'ia o nā makahiki.

Ka ho'ona'auao

E like me kā mākou'ike,'ike lākou i loko o kēlā mau lā'au e ulu nei i nā āpana me ka manawa kūkala. 'O ka waiho wale, i ke kauwela a me ka ho'oilo,'a'ole lākou e ulu ulu ma muli o nā ho'ololi o ka mahana a me nā kumu'ē a'e. 'O kēia ke alaka'i'ana i ka'oia'i'o o ka papa o ka lā'au, e ulu ana i ka ho'oilo, e like me ka nui o nā hi'ona: ka'ilima, ka nui, ke'ano, a pēlā aku. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka pilikia makapō hoike ana, a laila, kea, ike aku la i oki i ke kumu hiki ke ike i ka maopopo 'ole, me ka kinona o concentric apo.

He aha nā mea e hiki ke ho'oholo i nā apo lima lima?

'O ke kumu -'o ia ka makahiki. Ho'ohui'ia kēlā me kēia pēpili i ho'okahi makahiki, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia ka mānoanoa a me ke kikokikona e ho'oholo ai i ka makahiki mai ka'ikepili o ka'ike: ke ana wela e pili ana, ka nui o ke ku'i'ana, ke alapine, a pēlā aku. Ho'ohana i kēia'ano no ka ho'oholo'ana i ka makahiki o kekahi mau lā'au lā'au kahiko:'ike lākou, e nānā i ka helu o nā apo, a laila e ho'ohālikelike'ia me ka hō'ailona, ka mea makahiki i'ike'ia. Penei, e hiki ke ike ia ia i ooki ae la ilalo o ka laau, i malama ia e like me ka mea no ke kumuhana.

'O ka honua honua

E like me ka mea i ha'i mua'ia,'a'ole i loa'a nā'ōpana makahiki i nā lā'au wale nō, akā, i loko nō ho'i o ke aupuni holoholona. Hiki ke loa'a iā lākou i loko o ia mau tissues a me nā hanana o ka'eke e ulu mau ana, akā hiki ke nānā i nā hopena o ka pāna'i, nā ho'ololi o ka manawa wela. 'O nā'elepa kēia, nā iwi a me nā i'a o nā i'a, nā pūpū o nā mollusks, nā'alo a me nā iwi manu, nā kiwi holoholona, nā iwi o nā mea momona. No laila, ke'ike nei mākou i ka makahiki o ke apo i loko o ka biology. Wahi a lākou, ua wehewehe nā mea'epekema i nā mea a pau e like me ke'ano o nā kumu lā'au: ka makahiki, nā huliau o kēlā manawa, a pēlā aku.