He aha la oukou i hea ka oka a pau o ke keleawe a me ka kiniki?

Ka nui loa o ka hua metala ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana i loko o ka palapala o ka oka a pau. Ka mea, aʻo no ka hana hou BC. He aha mea he oka a? He aha mea i ka inoa oka a pau, a ua nānā 'ana i ke keleawe a me ka kiniki? Where ua mea hoʻohana? Pane i kēia mau nīnau - i loko o ka pauku.

He aha mea he oka a?

Na oka a pau, he mau mea mai ka hui ana o kekahi mau mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a me na kumu mua. Ka mea, e komo incidental impurities maoli eiiiiiaiou. Kekahi o ka mua ikeia oka a ua keleawe. Wahi i kālepa ai, mai kona poe kanaka i hana nui i loko o ka IV Ka Wā Kaukani BC.

Oka a pau i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i mea hiki ke hooheheeia e like ai. No ka laʻana, i mea gula hope hou, ka mea, ua oi mau nō a loaʻa i kekahi leo, ka mea hou i ka uuku ke ano o ka nikala, platinum, kiniki a me ke kala.

Hoʻohuihui mau eiiiiiaiou ke hoololi i ka waiwai o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, hoonui i ka mahele heheʻe i ka mahana a me ka ductility, e haawi mai i ka ikaika a me ka paakiki, mahuahua mea paʻa. Ka loa, he pono ole oka a he keleawe, keleawe (i oka a pau o ke keleawe me ka kiniki), puaa hao, kila, babbitt, lanakila 'ana, duralumin.

Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ma paʻi' enekinia, e kukulu, hana, mokulele, etc. A hui o nikala, makanekiuma a me ka cobalt e nā mākēneki. Tina-kēpau hoʻohana mamua, no ka hana o ka cutlery a me ka haoʻano i lohe nui ia no ka hana o ka hale 'ikamu e like me nā pā a me ka hao.

Ke oka a pau o ke keleawe me ka kiniki

A hui o ke keleawe a me ka kiniki kapa keleawe. Like keleawe, uaʻikeʻia i mua o ko kākou'āina. No ka mea, a laila ka mea, ua mau manufacturing i kūpono hoʻololi. Mua, e hana keleawe, i hui keleawe me ka charcoal a me ka kiniki i eliia. Ma ka XVIII kenekulia, ke Pelekāne Dzheyms Emerson aaeaaaaony e hui i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ia lakou iho me ka hoʻohana ana o na mea i eliia.

Ke kumu o ke keleawe, he keleawe. Ke kiniki maʻiʻo papa koa mai ka 5 a hiki i 45 pakeneka. Aie i ka yellowishʻano, ua like no me ke gula, i loko o kahiko Roma i kapaia o ke keleawe orichalcum, a literally 'o ia hoʻi "Zlatomed".

keleawe-kiniki oka a ua ole mau kaupalena 'ia kēia mau mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ua hiki no i ka uuku o ka piuta, ke kēpau, hao, manganese, nikala, a me nā eiiiiiaiou. Inā e hoʻohui aʻe i ke tina ma mua o kiniki e i ka loa okoa mea - piuta, he keleawe.

Nā waiwai o ke keleawe

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui o ke kiniki a me ka keleawe waihoʻoluʻu like ai loli aʻe. Ka uuku ia mea, i ka mea a me ka waihoʻoluʻu mea oi, piliʻulaʻula. Inā i oka a pau o ke keleawe a me ka kiniki heʻaʻohe'ē aʻe hehee wale, ka mea, ua kapaʻia ke keleawe i ka noʻonoʻo, a ua maheleia i mau hoailona ia mea: keleawe ulaula (20% kiniki) a me ke keleawe yellow (20% kiniki).

Keleawe lako e ka loa pliable a me ka hōʻike oi aku ka popopo ia'ku ma mua o ke keleawe. Ka mahele heheʻe i ka mehana o 880 ^C. i 950 ^C., me ka nui o ka huliāmahi kiniki ua ua hoʻemi. Metal pono amenable ke kuʻihao, ape a me ka ho okumu i.

Ma humid ea, ke keleawe melemele ńlua. Lokomaikaʻi ia mea hiki ma ka mea o ka annealing ma 250 ^C. Multicomponent keleawe maikai ia kaua ke pale ka popopo a me ka mea mau nō. Eia hou, o ka piuta paipai 'ia ka ia'ku i ke kai.

Ka maʻiʻo o impurities i loko o ka oka a hiki ke loaʻa ma ka huina hoonui i 'ae'. Capital palapala hōʻike i ka inoa o ka ke keʻena. Initially ka mea, hele aku no ia "L" palapala, alaila, i ke koena o ka hou (alloying) hehee wale. Ma hope o ia mau mea i loko o ke kaʻina pī'āpā e like me ka hōʻike pakeneka o ka waiwai, a me ka mea mau huahelu mua hōʻike i ka nui o ke keleawe i loko o ka oka a pau. Penei, lepili LAZH60-1-1 'o ia hoʻi i keleawe haku o 60% keleawe, 1% o ka Aluminum a me ka 1% hao, i ke koena buke no ka kiniki.

Where keleawe ua hoʻohana 'ia?

Keleawe ka mea, he maikai ka wela nona iho. He ole coincidence i kahiko Rusia mai kona samovar. I Rome, ka wā i ka mineta, a sestertii dupondius Octavian Augustus keleawe malihini. Ma ka Middle Ages ka mea, i ia no ka hana o ka Jewelry, mōlina 'pńnńnń, i manao ai oe.

A, ano, no ka mea ua hoʻohana na wahi a pau. Keleawe i Jewelry a me ke olonā i hale Aʻo ka lako. A kūikawāʻano hana o kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni poe oo hoi, oia no ka huina hoonui i kūikawā kaʻume o ke keleawe. Mai kona nou ana la o figurines, puka komo, aniani mōlina.

Highʻanoʻenehana waiwai o keleawe ae i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka poe liilii, no? Ieoaeunoaa wahi, paipu, papa, ka wehe' a me nā kaula. Kēpau oka a pau i hoohana ia no ka hi a me ka hola, tombac hoʻohana no ka plating kila, a manufacturing radiator paipu. No ka mea, o ka haku mele 'ana me ka Aluminum maʻiʻo o 0.5% hua insignia, e like me ka mea i he gula hue.